(60 INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION: CHANGE OF VARIABLE OF INTEGRATION 3a4 TOEVALUATE INTEGRALS OFT! C, AND D ARE CONSTANT pPORM { £#0tb:0t dx, WHEREA,B, ‘These integrals are handled as the integrals of the form |((ae* + 5)/(ce* + d))dx sin x + 2e08.x we express N= A(D') +B (D') 4 So-4 3 sinx +4 cos x] = 3cosx— 4sinx Now, sin x+ 2cos x=A(3 sin x-+4e08 x) + BG cos x ~ 4sin x) = GA-4B) sin x-+ 4A + 3B) cos x. Equating coefficients on both sides, we get 3A—4B=1 i) 4A4+3B=2 (i) () x3: 9A — 12B=3 Gi) x 4: 16A +128 =8 25A =I A= 1125 Now (ii) x 3: 124498 =6 and (i) x 4: 12A—16B=4 bo 25B=2 B=2105 ul 2 [(d/dx)(3 sin x + 4 cos x) BI “35)~ Ssinx + 4cosx) ni 2 Fax taelog(3 sinx+4cosx) +e Ans 35% t yploglS sinx + 4c0sx) +e A 3 Fi 1 Examples Bina [Le 1 1 cosx Consider TTtanx 1 (Ginx/eoss) ~ cosxt sin We express N'=A(D) +B didx (D') dpm 4 ylP) = Ge loos x4 sins) = —sin.x +008 x Let cos x=A(cos + sin x) + B(cos x—sin x) = (A+B) cos x-+(A—B) sin x Note: Value of B could also he found by puting the valu ofA in any oft Equations) oiTO EVALUATE INTEGRALS OF THE FORM 61 Equating coefficients, on both sides, we get St QA=1 5 AW1/2 and 2-1 - BH1/2 sin x) + (1/2)(c0s x cos x sinx _ [apres 09) ay Put cos x+sinx=f +, (cos x~sin x) dx =dr 1p, Adee 1a fos 5]E-F poe Lrog( sin x) +¢ Ans. =F Hlog(eos.x + sinx) +e An 2 Now evaluate the following integrals: © fra lo Ans. 5x ~ log(sinx + cos x) +e 1 “ 34 2tanx 3.2 ns. x + log(3.cos.x +2sinx) +e Ans. 5x + log 2sinx) 3sin.x + 4e0s.x sin x COs Gai) dx Ans. 2x-+ log(2 sinx-+e0sx) +6 Information in Advance: We can also handle the integrals. of the form J((a+beosx+ csinx)/(a+fcosx + ysinx))dx. Here, we shall express the N' (ic., 4a-+-beos x-+ esin x) as /(D‘) + m{(d/ax}of D') +n, where fm, will be found by comparing the coefficients of corresponding terms (i.¢.,cos.x, sin x, and constant terms). By this method, the given integral reduces tothe sum of three integrals, The frst two integrals can be easily evaluated, ‘whereas the third integral is of the form {(n/(a + B cos x + ysin x))dx. We shall learn about this integral in the next chapter. Obviously, evaluation of such integrals is time consuming. Solutions to the Problems of the Exercise Q. (1): Find J = Put sin'x=1 1= [Par