Field Instrumentation Training Course

MISR FERTILIZERS PRODUCTION COMPANY
INSTRUMENTATION TRAINING COURSE
FIELD INSTRUMENT TRAINING COURSES

FOR
PREPARED BY : ENG / EHAB AMAN

ENG / Ibrahim Elsaid
1
CONTENTS
INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW
Tag Number classifications
TEMPERATURE MEASURMENTS
OVERVIEW…………………………………………………………………………………………..
THERMOMETER…………………………………………………………………………………..
THERMOCOUPLE………………………………………………………………………………….
RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS (RTD‘S)………………………………….
TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS ……………………………………………………………
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
OVERVIEW…………………………………………………………………………………………..
LOCAL PRESSURE INDICATOR………………………………………………………………
PRESSURE TRANSMITTER……………………………………………………………………
2
INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW
FLOW MEASUREMENT
OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………………………………………..
FLOW ORIFICE………………………………………………………………………………………..
VENTURI…………………………………………………………………………………………………
LEVEL MEASUREMENT
OVERVIEW………………………………………………………………………………………………
PRESSURE OR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE………………………………………………..
FLOAT OR DISPLACER……………………………………………………………………………..
SIGHT GLASSES………………………………………………………………………………………
SIGHT GLASS CHECKING………………………………………………………………………….
3
MOPCO FIELD INSTRUMENTS OVERVIEW
VALVES HOOKUP AND ACCESSORIES

POSITIONER IDEA OF OPERATION AND MODELS…………………………………
BOOSTER IDEA OF OPERATION AND MODELS……………………………………..
PNEUMATIC LOCKUP RELAY IDEA OF OPERATION AND MODELS…………...
ELECTRICAL SOLENOID IDEA OF OPERATION AND MODELS………………….
QUICK EXHAUST IDEA OF OPERATION AND MODELS…………………………….
TURBINES Control
BENTLY NEVADA AXIAL DISPLACEMENT MEASURMENTS……………………….
BENTLY NEVADA RADIAL VIBRATION MEASURMENTS…………………………….
BENTLY NEVADA OVER SPEED SYSTEM………………………………………………….
TURBINE SPEED GOVERNER , CURRENT TO PRESSSURE CONVERTER ,
4
‫ِمذِـخ‬
‫‪MISR FERTILIZERS PRODUCTION COMPANY‬‬
‫‪MOPCO FIELD INSTRUMENTS OVERVIEW‬‬
‫‪ٔٚ‬ظشا ٌض‪٠‬بدح أػذاد د‪ٚ‬ائش اٌج‪١‬بْ ‪ٚ‬اٌزؾىُ ف‪ ٝ‬اٌّظبٔغ ‪ٚ‬رجب‪ٚ ٓ٠‬ظبئف‪ٙ‬ب وبْ ٌضاِب اٌز‪ٛ‬طً إٌ‪ ٝ‬طش‪٠‬مخ رشل‪ ُ١‬خبطخ ثىً دائشح ػٍ‪ ٝ‬ؽذح‬
‫ػٍ‪ ٝ‬إٌؾ‪ ٛ‬اٌزبٌ‪-:ٝ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪409‬‬
‫رقم انذائزة أَ انجٍاس‬

‫رقم انمصىع‬ ‫رقم انُحذة‬
‫‪٠ٚ‬أخز االسلبَ ِٓ ‪ 1‬اٌ‪3 ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ٚ‬رأخز االسلبَ ِٓ ‪ 1‬ؽز‪ٝ‬‬
‫ؽغت رشر‪١‬ت اٌّظٕغ ف‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪ 99‬ؽغت اٌؾبعخ‬
‫ٔفظ اٌّىبْ‬
ٟ‫ُ وبألر‬ّٙ١‫زُ رمغ‬٠ ٚ ‫بص‬ٙ‫ اٌغ‬ٚ‫سلُ اٌذائشٖ ا‬
1- 000 – 199: Temperature Measurements

2- 201 - 299: Pressure Measurements
3- 301 - 499: Flow Measurements
4- 501 - 599: Level Measurements
5- 601 - 699: Hand Valve , Hand switch
6- 701 - 799: Analyzers
7- 801 - 899: Scanners , Burners , weights ,
8- 901 - 999: Vibration , Axial Displacement , Speed Sensors , On / Off Valves
Temperature Measurements
‫قٕاص انحــــــــــــــــــــــزارة‬
8
Overview
Measuring the temperature in any plant is one of the parameters required to keep the process in certain
conditions by the operators or by automatic control loop.
‫ب‬١‫ِبرى‬ٛ‫ ار‬ٚ ً١‫ اٌزشغ‬ٟٕ‫ك ف‬٠‫زُ ٘زا اِب ػٓ طش‬٠ ٚ ‫خ‬١‫خ األٔزبع‬١ٍّ‫اًِ اٌؾغبعٗ ٌضجظ اٌؼ‬ٛ‫ اٌّظبٔغ ِٓ اٌؼ‬ٟ‫بط اٌؾشاسٖ ف‬١‫ل‬
ُ‫ائش اٌزؾى‬ٚ‫ك د‬٠‫ػٓ طش‬
Temperature measurements are divided in to .ٌٟ‫بط اٌؾشاسٖ ا‬١‫ُ طشق ل‬١‫ّىٓ رمغ‬٠
1 -Local Reading ( Temperature Indicator ) ‫لغ‬ٌّٛ‫ٓ اٌؾشاساد ثب‬١‫ِج‬
Operators in the field depend on local temperature indicator reading to record

there data in logging sheets
.‫ ٘زح اٌمشاءد‬ٍٟ‫زُ اٌزؾىُ ثٕبء ػ‬٠ ٚ ‫ساق‬ٚ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ً اٌمشاءد ف‬١‫ً ثزغغ‬١‫ اٌزشغ‬ٟٕ‫َ ف‬ٛ‫م‬٠ ‫ ٘زٖ اٌؾبٌخ‬ٟ‫ف‬
2- Remote Reading ( Thermocouple , RTD , … )

Operators in control room depend on remote temperature measurement to
observe temperature and DCS system record it in trends.
The main benefit for remote temperature measurement is in temperature control
loops
ُ‫ائش اٌزؾى‬ٚ‫ د‬ٟ‫ رغزؼًّ ف‬ٚ‫ْ ِغشد لشاءٖ أ‬ٛ‫ اِب رى‬ٚ ‫ اٌشبشبد‬ٍٟ‫مشاء لشأد اٌؾشاسح ػ‬٠ ً١‫ اٌزشغ‬ٟٕ‫ف‬
9
1- Local Reading ( Temperature Indicator )

1.1 - Thermometer
‫لغ‬ٌّٛ‫ٗ ثب‬١‫ضؼ‬ٌّٛ‫بط اٌؾشاسٖ ا‬١‫ش طشق ل‬ٙ‫اؽذ ِٓ اش‬ٚ ‫ؼزجش‬٠
Thermometer is one of the common instrument used to

measure the temperature locally and can be mounted on
Process Pipe line

Vessel
Compressor , Turbine , …
The theory of operation can be one of the following
Local Temperature Indicator
10
1.1.1 - Bimetal Thermometer ْ‫ اٌّؼذ‬ٟ‫ٓ اٌؾشاسح صٕبئ‬١‫ِج‬
Two different metal strip with different expansion coefficient are connected so
when temperature change a deformation in the strip happened which can be
converted to mechanical movement and reading
‫ؾذس‬٠ ٖ‫ش اٌؾشاس‬١‫ ػٕذ رغ‬ٚ ‫ّب ِؼبِالد رّذد ِخزٍفخ‬ٌٙ ٓ١‫ٓ ِخزٍف‬١ٔ‫د ِؼذ‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ٍٟ‫خ اٌّؼذْ ػ‬١‫ٕبد اٌؾشاسٖ صٕبئ‬١‫رؼزّذ ِج‬
‫ظ‬٠‫ اٌزذس‬ٍٟ‫خ ػ‬١‫ لشاءٖ خط‬ٌٟ‫ٍخ ا‬٠ٛ‫ّىٓ رؾ‬٠ ‫د‬ٚ‫رّذد ثزفب‬
11
1.1.2 - FILLED SYSTEM THERMOMETERS
These instruments operate on the principle that as the temperature increases, so too does the pressure as the
molecules in the fluid become more active. A spiral bourdon tube, similar to that used for pressure measurement, can
be used for temperature. The tube may contain either liquid or gas and as the temperature increases, so too does the
pressure causing the tube to uncoil and move the pointer to indicate the temperature.
‫زّذد‬٠ ‫ دسعخاٌؾشاسح‬ٟ‫ أخفبع ف‬ٚ‫س اسرفبع ا‬ٚ‫خ فؼٕذ ؽذ‬٠ٛ‫ثخ ٍِز‬ٛ‫ عبئً لبثً ٌٍزّذد داخً أج‬ٚ‫د غبص ا‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ٍٟ‫ع ػ‬ٌٕٛ‫رؼزّذ فىشح ػًّ ٘زا ا‬
.‫ اٌضغظ‬ٟ‫ ٔمض ف‬ٚ‫بدح ا‬٠‫ ر‬ٌٟ‫ب ا‬٠‫ اٌغبئً ِؤد‬ٚ‫ٕىّش اٌغبص ا‬٠ ٚ‫ا‬
ْ‫ إٌمظب‬ٚ‫بدح ا‬٠‫اء ثبٌز‬ٛ‫ش اٌمشاءح ع‬١١‫ رغ‬ٌٟ‫ ثبٌزب‬ٚ ْ‫ إٌمظب‬ٚ‫بدح ا‬٠‫اء ثبٌز‬ٛ‫خ ع‬٠ٛ‫ثخ اٌٍّز‬ٛ‫ رؾشن األٔج‬ٌٟ‫ ا‬ٞ‫ؤد‬٠ ْ‫ إٌمظب‬ٚ‫بدٖ ا‬٠‫ش اٌضغظ ثبٌز‬١١‫رغ‬
12
2- Remote Reading ( Thermocouple , RTD , … )
2.1 Thermocouple
A second, widely used, temperature indicating system is the thermocouple.
Two different metal welded . As temperature change on the junction mV generated
between two sides
ٓ١‫ٓ اٌطشف‬١‫ٌذ ث‬ٛ‫ٌذ ف‬ٛ‫ز‬٠ ‫خ‬١ٍ‫ ػ‬ٚ ‫ُ ِؼب‬ِٙ‫زُ ٌؾب‬٠ ٓ١‫ٓ ِخزٍف‬١١ٔ‫ٓ ِٓ ِؼذ‬١‫عٍى‬
.‫ دسعخ ؽشاسح ِمبثٍخ‬ٌٟ‫ٍخ ا‬٠ٛ‫ رؾ‬ٚ ‫بعخ‬١‫ّىٓ ل‬٠ ‫ٌذ‬ٛ‫ٌذ اٌّز‬ٛ‫ اٌف‬ٟ‫ش ف‬١‫ؾذس رغ‬٠ َ‫ش اٌؾشاسح ػٕذ ٔمطخ اٌٍؾب‬١‫ػٕذ رغ‬
Theory Of Operation
Thermo couple most commonly used in plant

ٟ‫بط اٌؾشاسد ف‬١‫ ل‬ٟ‫غزؼًّ ف‬٠ ٚ ‫ اٌّظٕغ‬ٟ‫ األوضش أزشبسا ف‬ٛ٘ ‫ع‬ٌٕٛ‫٘زا ا‬
...... ٚ ‫ط‬ٛ‫ اٌخط‬ٚ ‫اٌّؼذاد‬
Thermo couple used in synthesis , CO2 Compressor
ٟٔ‫خ داخً ضبغظ صب‬١‫ىبٔى‬١ٌّ‫بط ؽشاساد األعضاء ا‬١‫ ل‬ٟ‫ع ف‬ٌٕٛ‫غزؼًّ ٘زا ا‬٠
.‫ً اٌمشاءد‬١‫ ٌزغغ‬ٚ‫خ ا‬٠‫ رٌه ٌٍؾّب‬ٚ ْٛ‫ذ اٌىشث‬١‫اوغ‬
13
Thermo couple used in process air

compressor , Ammonia compressor
‫خ داخً ضبغظ‬١‫ىبٔى‬١ٌّ‫بط ؽشاساد األعضاء ا‬١‫ ل‬ٟ‫ع ف‬ٌٕٛ‫غزؼًّ ٘زا ا‬٠

.‫ً اٌمشاءد‬١‫ ٌزغغ‬ٚ‫خ ا‬٠‫ رٌه ٌٍؾّب‬ٚ ‫ب‬١ِٔٛ‫األ‬
Thermo couple used in All the turbines
ٚ ‫ٕبد‬١‫خ داخً اٌزشث‬١‫ىبٔى‬١ٌّ‫بط ؽشاساد األعضاء ا‬١‫ ل‬ٟ‫ع ف‬ٌٕٛ‫غزؼًّ ٘زا ا‬٠
.‫ً اٌمشاءد‬١‫ ٌزغغ‬ٚ‫خ ا‬٠‫رٌه ٌٍؾّب‬
14
2.2 RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
R = R0 ( 1 + α delta T )
This sensor depend on resistance which is function in temperature variation

3 wires to compensate length effect.
‫ش دسعخ اٌؾشاسح ؽغت اٌؼاللخ اػالح‬١١‫ش ِغ رغ‬١‫ب رزغ‬ٙ‫ّز‬١‫ِخ ل‬ٚ‫ِمب‬

‫ي اٌغٍه‬ٛ‫ش ط‬١‫ رٌه ٌّالشخ رأص‬ٚ ‫غزؼًّ صالس اعالن‬٠ ُ‫بص ػٓ غشفخ اٌزؾى‬ٙ‫ب اٌغ‬ٙ١‫جؼذ ف‬٠ ٟ‫ األِبوٓ اٌز‬ٟ‫ف‬
RDCS = Rm - RL RTD 3 Wires
R Rm DCS
RDCS
RL
15
2.3 Temperature Transmitter
ٚ‫ٌذ ا‬ٛ‫ ف‬ٛ٘ ً‫ْ اٌذخ‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫خ‬١ٍ‫ ػ‬ٚ ‫ِبد اٌخبطخ ثخ‬ٍٛ‫ وً اٌّؼ‬ٚ ‫ظ‬٠‫ّخ اٌزذس‬١‫ ل‬ٚ ‫بص اٌؾشاسح‬ٙ‫ع ع‬ٕٛ‫ب ث‬ٙ‫زُ ثشِغز‬٠ ‫خ‬١ٔٚ‫ػجبسح ػٓ وبسرخ اٌىزش‬
ُ‫ ٔظبَ اٌزؾى‬ٌٟ‫بس ا‬١‫ْ خشط اٌز‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫ ؽغت اٌؾشاسح‬ٚ ‫صع‬ٌّٛ‫ٌذ صبثذ ِٓ ٔظبَ اٌزؾىُ ا‬ٛ‫ ف‬24 ‫خ‬٠‫ اٌزغز‬ٚ ‫ع اٌؾغبط‬ٛٔ ‫ِخ ؽغت‬ٚ‫ِمب‬
Temperature Transmitters used in compressor House , NG Compressor
1- 24 Vdc from DCS

2- 4 – 20 mA
DCS
4-20 mA
24 Vdc
Temperature
Transmitter
Thermocouple / RTD
16
Pressure Measurment
Pressure Measurements
‫قٕاص انضغـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــط‬
17
Overview
Measuring the pressure in any plant is one of the parameters required to keep the process in
certain conditions by the operators or by automatic control loop.
Pressure measurements are divided in to
Local Reading ( Pressure Indicator ) ‫لغ‬ٌّٛ‫ٓ اٌضغظ ثب‬١‫ِج‬
Operators in the field depend on local pressure indicator reading to record there
data in logging sheets
.‫ ٘زح اٌمشاءد‬ٍٟ‫زُ اٌزؾىُ ثٕبء ػ‬٠ ٚ ‫ساق‬ٚ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ً اٌمشاءد ف‬١‫ً ثزغغ‬١‫ اٌزشغ‬ٟٕ‫َ ف‬ٛ‫م‬٠ ‫ ٘زٖ اٌؾبٌخ‬ٟ‫ف‬
Remote Reading ( Pressure Transmitters )
Operators in control room depend on remote pressure measurement to

observe pressure and DCS system record it in trends.
The main benefit for remote pressure measurement is in pressure control loops
ُ‫ائش اٌزؾى‬ٚ‫ د‬ٟ‫ رغزؼًّ ف‬ٚ‫ْ ِغشد لشاءٖ أ‬ٛ‫ اِب رى‬ٚ ‫ اٌشبشبد‬ٍٟ‫مشاء لشأد اٌؾشاسح ػ‬٠ ً١‫ اٌزشغ‬ٟٕ‫ف‬
18
Local Reading ( Pressure Indicator )
The operator use the pressure indicator to record the

pressure in many items like
1- line pressure,………………..
2- vessel pressure ,……………
3- Tank pressure , ……………..
Theory of operation
19
Remote Reading ( Pressure Transmitter )
Used as remote reading to indicate on DCS or control the pressure on certain item or shutdown
plant, ….
ُ‫ز‬٠ ٟٔٚ‫ عضء اٌىزش‬ٚ ‫ٌذ‬ٛ‫ٌذ ف‬ٛ‫ز‬٠ ‫ب‬ٙ١ٍ‫ب ِبدح ػٕذ اٌضغظ ػ‬ٍٙ‫بط ثذاخ‬١‫ْ ِٓ غشفخ ل‬ٛ‫زى‬٠ ٚ ‫بص ٌمشاءح اٌضغظ‬ٙ‫غزؼًّ ٘زا اٌغ‬٠
...... ٚ ‫ظ‬٠‫ اٌزذس‬ٚ ‫ اٌؾشاسح‬ٚ ‫ش اٌضغظ‬١‫ً ِٓ ؽ‬١‫ثشِغزخ ثبٌّذخالد اٌخبطخ ثبٌزشغ‬
.,‫ّخ اٌضغظ‬١‫مبثً ل‬٠ ‫ش‬١‫ اِج‬ٍٍِٟ ‫َ اٌىبسرخ ثأخشاط‬ٛ‫ب رم‬ٙ١ٍ‫ِبد اٌّخضٔخ ػ‬ٍٛ‫ اٌّؼ‬ٚ ‫ٌذ‬ٛ‫َ اٌىبسرخ ثمشاءح اٌف‬ٛ‫خ رم‬١ٍ‫ ػ‬ٚ
.‫ اٌخشط‬ٚ ‫ٓ اٌضغظ‬١‫خ ث‬١‫اٌؼاللخ خط‬
1- Needs Input power 24 vdc
2- Two wires technique
EMERSON pressure transmitter 20

Flow Measurements
Flow Measurements
‫قٕاص معذل‬
‫انســـــــــــــــــــــزٔان‬
21
Flow Measurements
1- Local Reading
Local reading is used to give flow indication for the operator locally.
1.1- Variable Area Flow Meter
Type : KROHNE
‫ضؼ اػالح‬ٌّٛ‫بْ ؽغت اٌشىً ا‬٠‫خ اٌغش‬١ّ‫ثخ اٌشىً ِظّّخ ؽغت و‬ٍٛ‫خ ِغ‬١ٍ‫اِخ داخ‬ٛ‫ك ػ‬٠‫خ ػٓ طش‬١ّ‫بص ثمشاءح اٌى‬ٙ‫َ ٘زا اٌغ‬ٛ‫م‬٠
ْ‫ب‬٠‫خ اٌغش‬١ّ‫ رؼبدي و‬ٟ‫ اٌمشاءح اٌز‬ٌٟ‫زؾشن اٌّؤشش ا‬٠ ٌٟ‫ ثبٌزب‬ٚ ‫اِخ‬ٛ‫زأصش ثؾشوخ اٌؼ‬٠ ‫ظ‬١‫ٓ اٌمشاءح ثٗ ِغٕبط‬١‫ِج‬
22
Flow Measurements
1.2- Target Flow Meter
ٚ ‫اثخ‬ٛ‫زؾشن ؽغت اٌج‬٠ ‫ اٌّؤشش‬ٌٟ‫ ثبٌزب‬ٚ ْ‫ب‬٠‫خ اٌغش‬١ّ‫اثخ رزؾشن ؽغت و‬ٛ‫ ٘زح اٌج‬ٚ ‫ظ‬١‫ب ِغٕبط‬ٙ‫اثخ ث‬ٛ‫َ اٌغبئً ثذفغ ث‬ٛ‫م‬٠
ْ‫ب‬٠‫مشاء ِؼذي اٌغش‬٠ ‫ اٌّؤشش‬ٌٟ‫ثبٌزب‬
Heinrich
Theory Of Operation
23
Flow Measurements
Remote Reading
Remote reading is used to give flow reading to control system either as indication or control principle
There are several methods for flow measurements
1- Delta P Flow Mater.

2- Magnetic Inductive Flow Mater.
3- Vortex Flow Meter.
24
Flow Measurements
Remote Reading
2.1- Delta P Flow Meter.
F α K SQR ( Delta P )
There are several elements are used to create delta P to measure the flow some of them are
. Flow Element
1. Orifice Plate
This operates on the principle that there is a difference in pressure created across an
orifice plate when flow is present.
ٟ‫ فمذاْ ف‬ٌٟ‫ ا‬ٞ‫ؤد‬٠ ْ‫ب‬٠‫ اٌغش‬ٟ‫ش ف‬١‫بص ثؼًّ اخزٕبق طغ‬ٙ‫َ ٘زا اٌغ‬ٛ‫م‬٠
ْ‫ب‬٠‫ ِؼذي اٌغش‬ٍٟ‫ؤصش ػ‬٠ ‫ش ال‬١‫بْ ثؾ‬٠‫خ اٌغش‬١ّ‫اٌضغظ ِظُّ ؽغت و‬
‫ش‬١‫ اِج‬ٍٍِٟ ‫ٍخ اي‬٠ٛ‫َ ثزؾ‬ٛ‫م‬٠ ٚ ٟٔٚ‫بص اٌىزش‬ٙ‫ك ع‬٠‫ٌذ ػٓ طش‬ٛ‫بط فشق اٌضغظ اٌّز‬١‫زُ ل‬٠
25
Flow Measurements
Remote Reading
Flow Element
Orifice Plate
Isolation Valves
26
Flow Measurements
Remote Reading
Flow Element
2. VENTURI
The venturi also operates on the pressure differential principle where there is a flow restriction. It
gives a low pressure loss for the measurement of all kinds of fluids.
VENTURI
27
‫‪Flow Measurements‬‬
‫‪Remote Reading‬‬
‫‪٠‬غزؼًّ ٘زا اٌغ‪ٙ‬بص ٌمشاءح ِؼذي اٌغش‪٠‬بْ ‪٠ ٚ‬زى‪ ِٓ ْٛ‬غشفخ ل‪١‬بط ثذاخٍ‪ٙ‬ب ِبدح ػٕذ ؽذ‪ٚ‬س فشق ضغظ ػٍ‪ٙ١‬ب ‪٠‬ز‪ٌٛ‬ذ ف‪ٌٛ‬ذ ‪ ٚ‬عضء اٌىزش‪ٟٔٚ‬‬
‫‪٠‬زُ ثشِغزخ ثبٌّذخالد اٌخبطخ ثبٌزشغ‪ ِٓ ً١‬ؽ‪١‬ش اٌضغظ ‪ ٚ‬اٌؾشاسح ‪ ٚ‬اٌزذس‪٠‬ظ ‪...... ٚ‬‬
‫‪ ٚ‬ػٍ‪١‬خ رم‪ َٛ‬اٌىبسرخ ثمشاءح اٌف‪ٌٛ‬ذ ‪ ٚ‬اٌّؼٍ‪ِٛ‬بد اٌّخضٔخ ػٍ‪ٙ١‬ب رم‪ َٛ‬اٌىبسرخ ثأخشاط ٍٍِ‪ ٟ‬اِج‪١‬ش ‪٠‬مبثً ل‪ّ١‬خ ِؼذي اٌغش‪٠‬بْ‪ ,‬اٌؼاللخ غٕز‬
‫خطٕت ث‪ ٓ١‬فشق اٌضغظ ‪ِ ٚ‬ؼذي اٌغش‪٠‬بْ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪F α K SQR ( Delta P‬‬

‫‪Type : EMERSON‬‬
‫‪Delta P Flow Transmitter.‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪24 Vdc power‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬ ‫‪4 – 20 mA‬‬
‫‪3- Non linear Flow measurement‬‬
‫‪High Pressure Sample Line‬‬
‫‪Low Pressure Sample Line‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫‪2.2- Magnetic Inductive Flow Meter .‬‬
‫‪Type : KROHNE‬‬
‫رؼزّذ فىشح ػًّ اٌغ‪ٙ‬بص ػٍ‪ ٟ‬اْ ‪٠‬ى‪ ْٛ‬اٌغبئً اٌّشاد ل‪١‬بط ِؼذي عش‪٠‬بٔخ ٌخ ر‪ٛ‬ط‪١ٍ١‬خ و‪ٙ‬شث‪١‬خ‬
‫ِؼ‪ٕ١‬خ ‪ ٚ‬ػٍ‪ٚ ٟ‬ع‪ٛ‬د ٍِف و‪ٙ‬شث‪ ٚ ٟ‬لطج‪ِ ٟ١‬غٕبط‪١‬ظ فؼٕذ ِش‪ٚ‬س اٌغبئً ث‪ ٓ١‬لطج‪ٟ١‬‬
‫اٌّغٕبط‪١‬ظ ‪٠‬ؾبو‪ٚ ٟ‬ع‪ٛ‬د عغُ ِؼذٔ‪ ٚ ٟ‬ثبٌزبٌ‪ ٟ‬رز‪ٌٛ‬ذ ل‪ٛ‬ح دافؼخ و‪ٙ‬شث‪١‬خ ث‪ ٓ١‬اطشاف اٌٍّف‪.‬‬
‫‪٠‬زُ ل‪١‬بع‪ٙ‬ب ‪ ٚ‬ثبٌزبٌ‪ ٟ‬رؾ‪ٍٙ٠ٛ‬ب ف‪ ٟ‬د‪ٚ‬ائش اٌىزش‪١ٔٚ‬خ ِجشِغخ اٌ‪ ٍٍِٟ ٟ‬اِج‪١‬ش ‪٠‬ؾبو‪ِ ٟ‬ؼذي‬
‫اٌغش‪٠‬بْ ‪ ٚ‬انعالقت خطٕت‪.‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪24 Vdc power‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬ ‫‪4 – 20 mA‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬ ‫‪linear Flow measurement‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫‪Remote Reading‬‬
‫‪2.3 - Vortex Flow Meter‬‬
‫‪Vortex Internal‬‬
‫‪Theory Of Operation‬‬
‫ل‪١‬بط ِؼذي اٌغش‪٠‬بْ ػٓ طش‪٠‬ك اٌز‪١‬بساد اٌذ‪ٚ‬اِ‪١‬خ ؽ‪١‬ش ‪٠‬زُ ‪ٚ‬ضغ ػبئك داخً اٌغ‪ٙ‬بص وّب ٘‪ِٛ ٛ‬ضؼ ثبٌشىً ‪٠‬ؾذس ٔ‪ٛ‬ع ِٓ‬
‫اٌذ‪ٚ‬اِبد رخزٍف وّ‪١‬ز‪ٙ‬ب ؽغت ِؼذي اٌغش‪٠‬بْ ‪٠ ٚ‬زُ ل‪١‬بط اٌم‪ٛ‬ح إٌبشئخ ِٓ ٘زٖ اٌذ‪ٚ‬اِبد ػٓ طش‪٠‬ك ؽغبط داخٍ‪ِ ٟ‬شوت ف‪ٟ‬‬
‫اٌغ‪ٙ‬بص ‪٠‬م‪ َٛ‬ثزؾ‪ٍٙ٠ٛ‬ب اٌ‪ ٟ‬ف‪ٌٛ‬ذ ‪ّ٠‬ىٓ لشاءرخ ‪ ٚ‬اٌزؼج‪١‬ش ػٕٗ ف‪ ٟ‬دائشح اٌىزش‪١ٔٚ‬خ ِشِغخ اٌ‪ِ ٟ‬ؼذي عش‪٠‬بْ ‪ ٚ‬انعالقت خطٕت‪.‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
Level Measurements
Level Measurements
ُْ‫قٕاص انمسخــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
31
Level Measurements
1- Local Reading ( PHONix Level Indicator )
Isolation Valve
Isolation Valve
Level Indicator
Level Indicator
Isolation Valve
Isolation Valve
32
‫‪Level Measurements‬‬
‫رؼزّذ ٔظش‪٠‬خ اٌؼًّ ػٍ‪ٚ ٟ‬ع‪ٛ‬د ػ‪ٛ‬اِخ ( ثذاخٍ‪ٙ‬ب ِغٕبط‪١‬ظ) ثذاخً اٌغشفخ رزؾىشن اٌ‪ ٟ‬اػٍ‪ ٟ‬ا‪ ٚ‬اعفً ِغ رغ‪١١‬ش اٌّغز‪ ٚ ٞٛ‬ػٍ‪ٚ ٟ‬ع‪ٛ‬د ِج‪ٓ١‬‬
‫ِٓ اٌضعبط ‪ ٚ‬األ‪ٚ‬ساق اٌّؼذٔ‪١‬خ فؼٕذ رؾشن اٌؼ‪ٛ‬اِخ اٌ‪ ٟ‬ا‪ ٞ‬ارغبح رم‪ َٛ‬األ‪ٚ‬ساق اٌّؼذٔ‪١‬خ ثزغ‪١١‬ش ا‪ٚ‬ضبػ‪ٙ‬ب ثزأص‪١‬ش اٌم‪ٛ‬ح اٌّغٕبط‪١‬غ‪ ٚ ٗ١‬ثبٌزبٌ‪ ٟ‬رج‪ٓ١‬‬
‫اٌّغ‪ٛ‬ة‪.‬‬
‫األ‪ٚ‬ساق اٌّؼذٔ‪١‬خ‬
‫اٌؼ‪ٛ‬اِخ اٌّغٕبط‪١‬غ‪١‬خ‬
‫‪33‬‬
Level Measurements
2- Remote Reading Level Transmitter

Level transmitters used to measure the level inside Tank , Condenser , …
Method of level measurements
2.1- Displacer Level Transmitter
V= r2 1- 24 V dc Power
W0 = W - ρ1 * V 2- 4 -20 mA
ُ‫ اْ اٌغغ‬ٟ٘ ٚ ٛ‫ذط ٌٍطف‬١ّ‫ لبػذح اسش‬ٍٟ‫خ اٌؼًّ ػ‬٠‫رؼزّذ ٔظش‬

W100 = W 0- ρ2 * V ‫صْ اٌغبئً اٌّضاػ‬ٚ ٞٚ‫ح دفغ رغب‬ٛ‫خ ل‬١ٍ‫ٌذ ػ‬ٛ‫ عبئً رز‬ٟ‫س ف‬ّٛ‫اٌّغ‬
‫خ‬١‫خ األسض‬١‫ ػغٍخ اٌغبصث‬ٟ‫ة ف‬ٚ‫ِضش‬
ρ1
ρ2
L = Displacer Length
Torque Tube
V= Displacer Volume chain
W= Displacer Weight ‫سهسهت‬
r = Displacer Radius
Electronic
ρ1= Fluid Density Above Displacer
‫انعُامت‬
ρ2= Fluid Density Blow
ρ=m/v
g = 9.8 N/m2 ‫ اٌىزٍخ‬/ُ‫اٌىضبفخ = اٌؾغ‬
Eckardt Smart Level Transmitter
34
Level Measurements
2.2 - dp Level Transmitter
2.2.1 wet leg transmitter
dp = ρ2*hx*9.8 - 1000*h*9.8
ρ1 = 1000 kg/m3
1- 24 V dc Power
P 2- 4 -20 mA
Vapor Water Inside 3- Negative Range
hx
Fluid ρ2
+ -
dp Transmitter 35
Level Measurements
2.2.2 Chemical Seal dp transmitter
Vapor
hx Fluid ρ2
dp = ρ2*hx*9.8 - ρso*h*9.8
+ -
dp Transmitter
36
Level Measurements
2.3 - Guided Wave Radar Level Transmitter

High frequency microwave pulses are guided along a steel rod. When reaching the product surface, the
microwave pulses are reflected. The running time is evaluated by the instrument and outputted as distance.
‫ ثغطؼ‬ٟ‫ٍزم‬٠ ٟ‫ ؽز‬ٞ‫ذ‬٠‫د ؽذ‬ّٛ‫ِخ داخً ػ‬ٛ‫ْ ِؾى‬ٛ‫خ رى‬١ٌ‫ُ ػب‬١‫ػخ ِٓ اٌزشدداد ثم‬ّٛ‫بص ثأسعبي ِغ‬ٙ‫َ اٌغ‬ٛ‫م‬٠
.ٞٛ‫زُ ؽغبة اٌّغز‬٠ ‫ اعزمجبٌخ‬ٌٟ‫لذ اسعبي اٌزشدد ا‬ٚ ِٓ ِٓ‫بط اٌض‬١‫ ثم‬ٚ ‫د‬ّٛ‫شرذ داخً اٌؼ‬١‫اٌغبئً ف‬
Type : Vega
37
‫‪Level Measurements‬‬
‫‪2.4- Servo Level Gauge‬‬
‫جٍاس قٕاص انمسخُِ فّ حىك األمُوٕا بانُحذة‪َٔ 81‬عزف بإسم جٍاسانـ ‪: ENRAF‬‬
‫رؼزّذ فىشح ػًّ ٘زا اٌغ‪ٙ‬بص ػٍ‪ ٝ‬إؽغبط‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫اٌغ‪ٙ‬بص ثبٌزغ‪١‬ش ف‪ ٝ‬ل‪ٛ‬ح دفغ اٌغبئً ٌٍؼ‪ٛ‬اِخ‪ٚ‬اٌز‪ٝ‬‬
‫رى‪ِ ْٛ‬زظٍخ ثغٍه ِشْ ‪ٚ‬ل‪ِ ٜٛ‬زظً ثذ‪ٚ‬سٖ ث‪ٛ‬ؽذح‬
‫اٌـ‪ٚ Measurement Drum‬ػّذ ٘زا اٌذسَ ِزظً‬
‫ثّ‪ٛ‬ر‪ٛ‬س خط‪ٛ‬ح ‪Stepping Motor‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
Valves
Valves and Valve accessories
39
Valves Hookup
Valves Types
1- Global Valve
2- Butterfly Valve
3- Ball Valve
4- Gate Valve
Valves Hookup
Valves Failure Types
1- Failure Close
2- Failure Open
3- Failure Last Position

Valves Hookup
Valve Accessories
1- Positioner
ٍٍِٟ ‫ اشبسح‬ٚ ‫ ثبس‬4.5 ‫خ‬٠‫اء رغز‬ٛ٘ ‫ك‬٠‫ فزؾخ اٌجٍف ػٓ طش‬ٟ‫بص ثبٌزؾىُ ف‬ٙ‫َ اٌغ‬ٛ‫م‬٠
‫ اٌجٍف‬ٌٟ‫اء ا‬ٛ٘ ‫ خشط‬ٚ ‫ة ٌفزؾخ اٌجٍف‬ٍٛ‫ّخ اٌّط‬١‫ش ِٓ غشفخ اٌزؾىُ رؼزجش اٌم‬١‫اِج‬
‫خ‬١‫خ اٌؼىغ‬٠‫ك صساع اٌزغز‬٠‫خ رزُ ػٓ طش‬١‫خ اٌؼىغ‬٠‫خ اٌغز‬٠‫ اٌزغز‬.‫ٌفزؼ اٌجٍف‬
Eckardt Positioner
Positioner is used to control valve stroke to certain
position given by set point ( 4 – 20 mA ) sent by DCS
The Positioner acts like controller which has input from
FEED BACK ARM and SETPOINT from DCS ( 4-20 mA )
And the OUTPUT ( 0 – 4.5 Bar )
Input Supply : 4.5 Bar
Input Signal : 4 - 20 mA
Output Signal : 0 - 4.5 Bar
Samson Positioner
Neles Positioner
Valves Hookup
Valve Actuator
Details Connection
‫بط اٌؾشوخ‬١‫صساع ل‬
‫خ‬١ٍ‫اٌفؼ‬
43
Valves Hookup
Actuator
Output Signal
Input Supply
Valve Hookup And Connection

FV - 302401 44
Valves Hookup
Actuator
Positioner
4-20 mA ( Set point) from DCS
Valve Stem Feed Back Arm
45
Valves Hookup
Life Video Simulation for Valve Motion
This video shows a simulation for valve motion done in the Lab
46
Valves Hookup
2- Solenoid Valve
Solenoid valve is used to control valve in case of
emergency shutdown to let the valve in the safe position
Solenoid is pneumatic relay controlled by supply voltage

As shown in figure we have two types of solenoid valve
3/2 Solenoid Valve : Used to control valves with spring action actuator
5/2 Solenoid Valve : Used to control valves with double action actuator
P = Input Supply Air

A = Output Air to Actuator
R = Vent to Air
Supply Voltage 24 vdc or 220 Vac
3/2 Solenoid Valve
5/2 Solenoid Valve
47
Valves Hookup
Solenoid Valve
Input Supply
Output Signal
Supply Voltage 24 Vdc
Solenoid Valve Hook Up

Solenoid Valve Hookup
48
Valves Hookup
3- Booster ( Pneumatic Amplifier ) ٗ١‫ائ‬ٌٛٙ‫ِىجش األشبسٖ ا‬
Booster is used to increase the air quantity supplied to the

valve actuator with the same pressure
When we use Booster In control Valve ?
We use Booster when we control valve with Large

actuator to achieve optimum valve response
Input from positioner P1 P1 Output To Actuator

Q1 Booster Q2
Air Header
P = 4.5 Bar Q > Q2 > Q1
Q Header Flow
49
Valves Hookup
Booster Installed between positioner and actuator to increase positioner flow
Type : Fisher Actuator
Positioner Output
Positioner Output Booster Valtek Type
Air Supply
50
Valves Hookup
Type : Eckardt Type : Valtek
Type : Fisher Type : SMC
51
Valves Hookup
4- Quick Exhaust
Quick Exhaust is used to vent air from actuators with large size to achieve safe position
in certain specified time in most cases < 3 sec.
What is the difference between Solenoids and Quick exhaust ?
Solenoid Valve Quick Exhaust

Power Electric Power Pneumatic Power
Valve Actuator Not Big Size Big Size
Solenoid Valve is used to control quick exhaust to achieve safe position.
Due to different in actuator size , in some cases where solenoid will vent actuator air in time > 3 sec
which is not safe in trip sequence we need to vent it in T < 3 sec to achieve safe trip sequence so we
use Pneumatic Quick Exhaust
When we use Quick exhaust In control Valve ?
We use Quick Exhaust when we want achieve safe position for a valve in T< certain time
which can not be achieved by solenoid valve.
52
Valves Hookup
Type : MAC
Input from
Positioner Or
Booster
Output From Quick

Exhaust To Valve
Pilot Signal From

Solenoid
53
Valves Hookup
Hookup with Positioner Quick Exhaust Solenoid Valve
Vent
24 Vdc Solenoid
Air Supply Valve
Pilot Output
Quick
Positioner
Exhaust
To Actuator
4-20 mA Set point

From DCS
Theory Of operation
The quick exhaust has three ports
Input
Output
Pilot
Vent
54
Valves Hookup
Theory Of Operation
Pneumatic Solenoid with Pilot operation

As pilot input is pressurized with normal pressure the input will pass to output which is the actuator .
In case of Pilot input is not pressurized the accumulated air in actuator will be vented to air causing the
valve to fail.
Controlling the Pilot can be done through Solenoid , Direct from air Header, …
Quick Exhaust Theory Of Operation

55
Valves Hookup
Hookup with Positioner Quick Exhaust Solenoid Valve
56
Valves Hookup
5 – Lockup Relay
Lockup relay is used in case of Failure Last position Valve to keep air inside actuator
Lockup Relay
Type : Fisher
Type : SMC
57
Valves Hookup
Hookup with Positioner Lockup Solenoid Valve Vent
24 Vdc Solenoid
Air Supply Valve
Pilot
To Actuator
Lockup
Positioner
Relay
4-20 mA Set point

From DCS
58
Valves Hookup
Theory Of Operation
Pneumatic Solenoid with Pilot operation

As pilot input is pressurized with normal pressure the input will pass to output which is the actuator .
In case of Pilot input is not pressurized the accumulated air in actuator will be Locked in actuator
Controlling the Pilot can be done through Solenoid , Direct from air Header, …
59
Turbine Speed Controller (Woodward)
Turbine Control
60
Turbine Speed Controller (Woodward) .Axial Displacement . Radial Vibration
This speed controller is used to control turbine speed by

controlling steam inlet to turbine
Woodward Speed Controller
ُ‫ك اٌزؾى‬٠‫ رٌه ػٓ طش‬ٚ ٕٗ١‫ عشػٗ اٌزشث‬ٟ‫مٗ ف‬٠‫زُ اٌزؾىُ ػٓ طش‬٠
‫ي ثٍف اٌجخبس‬ٛ‫ فزؾٗ دخ‬ٟ‫ف‬
Input : Speed from probes as frequency

‫سٖ رشدداد‬ٛ‫ ط‬ٟ‫بط اٌغشػٗ ف‬١‫ ِٓ ؽغبعبد ٌم‬ٟ‫أر‬٠ ُ‫اٌذخً ٌٍّزؾى‬
Output : mA ( 4 – 20 mA) to CPC Current Pressure Converter

‫ش‬١‫ اِج‬ٍٍِٟ 20 – 4 ٟ‫شث‬ٙ‫بس و‬١‫ط ػجبسٖ ػٓ ر‬ٚ‫اٌخش‬
Power : 24 Vdc
‫ش‬١‫ٌذ ِزغ‬ٛ‫ ف‬220 ٗ٠‫اٌزغز‬
61
‫احجاي انفخح‬
‫بهف انخحكم فٓ دخُل انبخار‬
HP Valve
‫بخار‬
24 Vdc ً‫حساساث قٕاص انسزع‬

2 – 4 Bar Speed Sensors
‫محُل انخٕار انكٍزبٓ انٓ ضغط‬ Turbine

CPC Current Pressure Converter
Woodward Speed Controller
‫انخزَج‬ ‫ماء مخكاثف‬

Speed Condensate
4-20 mA
Controller MV ‫انذخُل‬
‫سٔج انخحكم‬ 24 Vdc

Control oil 9 bar
Set point DCS
62
1- Speed Probes , axial displacement , radial vibration
‫ٌذي انحساساث حسخعمم فٓ قٕاص انسزعً َ انمسافت َ األٌخشاساث‬
‫فكزي انعمم‬
‫حخكُن دائزي قٕاص انسزعً َ انمسافً َ األٌخشاساث مه ثالد عىاصز رئٕسٕت‬
1- Proximitor
2- Extension Cable Proximitor
3- Probe
Probe
Extension Cable
63
The picture show complete connection for Probe , Extension Cable , Proximitor
RF Signal ‫ذ‬١ٌٛ‫َ ثز‬ٛ‫م‬٠ ٞ‫ٌذ ِغزّش اٌز‬ٛ‫ ف‬24- ‫زٗ ثــــ‬٠‫زُ رغز‬٠ Proximitor ‫اٌـــــ‬
‫ش ؽغت‬١‫ اٌضبغظ ؽ‬ٚ‫ٕٗ ا‬١‫د اٌزشث‬ّٛ‫ ػ‬ٌٟ‫ب ا‬ٙ‫َ ثجض‬ٛ‫م‬٠ ٚ ‫ش خالي اي اٌؾغبعبد‬١‫رغ‬
ُ‫ز‬٠ ‫ش‬١‫ ؽ‬Proximitor ٌٟ‫شرذ ا‬٠ ‫ اٌغضء األخش‬ٚ ‫زُ اِزظبص عضء‬٠ ‫ثؼذٖ ػٓ اٌؾغبط‬
‫ اٌغشػٗ ؽغت اٌىبسربد‬ٚ‫ األ٘زضاصاد ا‬ٚ‫ؼجش ػٓ اٌّغبفٗ ا‬٠ ‫ٌذ‬ٛ‫ ف‬ٌٟ‫ً ٘زا اٌغضء ا‬٠ٛ‫رؾ‬
Bently Nevada ٟ‫دٖ ف‬ٛ‫ع‬ٌّٛ‫ا‬
64
Axial Displacement Probes Speed Probes
Radial Vibration Probes Over Speed Probes

65

2- CPC (Current Pressure Converter ) ‫ذ‬٠‫ ضغظ اٌض‬ٌٟ‫بس ا‬١‫ي اٌز‬ٛ‫ِؾ‬
HP Valve Output 2 – 4 Bar
‫انٓ بهف انبخار‬ To Actuator HP valve
Hydraulic Servo Motor
4-20 mA
From Woodward CPC ‫محُل انخٕار انكٍزبٓ انٓ ضغط‬
CPC Current Pressure Converter
Control Oil 9 Bar

24 Vdc
Drain
Hydraulic Servo Motor
‫ فزؾخ اٌجٍف‬ٟ‫َ ثبٌزؾىُ ف‬ٛ‫م‬٠ ‫ش‬١‫ ؽ‬Positioner ‫َ ِمبَ اٌـــ‬ٛ‫م‬٠
CPC . ‫ذ‬٠‫ك ضغظ اٌض‬٠‫ػٓ طش‬ 66
END
67

Field Instrumentation Training Course

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Field Instrumentation Training Course

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MISR FERTILIZERS PRODUCTION COMPANY

INSTRUMENTATION TRAINING COURSE

FIELD INSTRUMENT TRAINING COURSES

PREPARED BY : ENG / EHAB AMAN

MOPCO FIELD INSTRUMENTS OVERVIEW

VALVES HOOKUP AND ACCESSORIES

MOPCO FIELD INSTRUMENTS OVERVIEW

‫‪MOPCO FIELD INSTRUMENTS OVERVIEW‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪409‬‬

‫رقم انذائزة أَ انجٍاس‬

MOPCO FIELD INSTRUMENTS OVERVIEW

ٟ‫ُ وبألر‬ّٙ١‫زُ رمغ‬٠ ٚ ‫بص‬ٙ‫ اٌغ‬ٚ‫سلُ اٌذائشٖ ا‬

1- 000 – 199: Temperature Measurements

1 -Local Reading ( Temperature Indicator ) ‫لغ‬ٌّٛ‫ٓ اٌؾشاساد ثب‬١‫ِج‬

Operators in the field depend on local temperature indicator reading to record

2- Remote Reading ( Thermocouple , RTD , … )

1- Local Reading ( Temperature Indicator )

‫لغ‬ٌّٛ‫ٗ ثب‬١‫ضؼ‬ٌّٛ‫بط اٌؾشاسٖ ا‬١‫ش طشق ل‬ٙ‫اؽذ ِٓ اش‬ٚ ‫ؼزجش‬٠

Thermometer is one of the common instrument used to

Process Pipe line

The theory of operation can be one of the following

Local Temperature Indicator

1.1.1 - Bimetal Thermometer ْ‫ اٌّؼذ‬ٟ‫ٓ اٌؾشاسح صٕبئ‬١‫ِج‬

1.1.2 - FILLED SYSTEM THERMOMETERS

Thermo couple most commonly used in plant

Thermo couple used in synthesis , CO2 Compressor

Thermo couple used in process air

‫خ داخً ضبغظ‬١‫ىبٔى‬١ٌّ‫بط ؽشاساد األعضاء ا‬١‫ ل‬ٟ‫ع ف‬ٌٕٛ‫غزؼًّ ٘زا ا‬٠

Thermo couple used in All the turbines

2.2 RTD Resistance Temperature Detector

This sensor depend on resistance which is function in temperature variation

‫ش دسعخ اٌؾشاسح ؽغت اٌؼاللخ اػالح‬١١‫ش ِغ رغ‬١‫ب رزغ‬ٙ‫ّز‬١‫ِخ ل‬ٚ‫ِمب‬

RDCS = Rm - RL RTD 3 Wires

2.3 Temperature Transmitter

Temperature Transmitters used in compressor House , NG Compressor

1- 24 Vdc from DCS

Pressure measurements are divided in to

Local Reading ( Pressure Indicator ) ‫لغ‬ٌّٛ‫ٓ اٌضغظ ثب‬١‫ِج‬

Remote Reading ( Pressure Transmitters )

Operators in control room depend on remote pressure measurement to

Local Reading ( Pressure Indicator )

The operator use the pressure indicator to record the

2- vessel pressure ,……………

3- Tank pressure , ……………..

Remote Reading ( Pressure Transmitter )

1- Needs Input power 24 vdc

2- Two wires technique

EMERSON pressure transmitter 20

1.1- Variable Area Flow Meter

1.2- Target Flow Meter

There are several methods for flow measurements

1- Delta P Flow Mater.

‫) ‪F α K SQR ( Delta P‬‬

‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪24 Vdc power‬‬

‫‪2-‬‬ ‫‪4 – 20 mA‬‬

‫‪3- Non linear Flow measurement‬‬

‫‪High Pressure Sample Line‬‬

‫‪Low Pressure Sample Line‬‬

‫‪2.2- Magnetic Inductive Flow Meter .‬‬

‫‪2.3 - Vortex Flow Meter‬‬

1- Local Reading ( PHONix Level Indicator )

2- Remote Reading Level Transmitter

ُ‫ اْ اٌغغ‬ٟ٘ ٚ ٛ‫ذط ٌٍطف‬١ّ‫ لبػذح اسش‬ٍٟ‫خ اٌؼًّ ػ‬٠‫رؼزّذ ٔظش‬