Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin concentration is lower than normal.

Classification:
1. Hypo proliferative anemias. The marrow can’t produce adequate numbers of
erythrocytes.
2. Hemolytic anemias. There is premature destruction of erythrocytes that results in
the liberation of hemoglobin from the erythrocytes into the plasma; the released
hemoglobin is then converted into bilirubin; therefore, bilirubin concentration rises.
3. Bleeding anemias. Bleeding anemias are caused by the loss of erythrocytes in the
body.
Common causes:
1. reduced or impaired RBC production 2. the destruction of RBCs
3. and blood loss
Signs and symptoms:
1. Decreased hemoglobin. A patient with anemia has hemoglobin levels between 9
to 11 g/dL. 2. Tachycardia 3. Dyspnea 4. Fatigue
5. the patient may become pale because of the lack or decrease in hemoglobin.
Prevention:
To prevent anemia, lifestyle modifications must be made.
1. Diet rich in iron (it adds to the hemoglobin in the body.)
2. Iron supplements (to increase the hemoglobin levels in the body.)
Complication:
1. Heart failure. As the heart compensates by pumping faster than the normal rate,
the heart muscles gradually weaken until the muscles wear out and the heart fails to
function. ‫إحساس بالحرقان أو الوخز‬
2. Paresthesias. Paresthesias develop when the muscles do not have enough oxygen
delivered to them.
3. Delirium. Insufficient oxygen in the brain results in delirium and is considered a
fatal complication of anemia.
‫خطي يف القدرة العقلية‬
‫ر‬ ‫اضطراب‬
Medical Management Risk factors:
1. Nutritional supplements. 1. A diet lacking in certain vitamins and minerals.

2. Blood transfusion 2. Menstruation. 3. Pregnancy. 4. Family history.

3. Intravenous fluids. 5. Age. People over age 65 are at increased risk of
anemia.
Surgical Management
bone marrow transplant (for some types of anemia) Both taken orally

Medications for anemia: Feosol (class is Iron Supplement), Folic acid (Folate supp.)