Aerobic Granulation in Wastewater Treatment

Sumit Sharma, ... Joo-Hwa Tay, in Microbial Wastewater Treatment, 2019

4.1.1.3 Settle
The SBR also act as clarifier where the settle phase allows the solids/biomass to settle and there
is no air flow, no mechanical mixing. The activated sludge settled in the form of floc mass also
called as sludge blanket. The settling time must be very low so that it reduces the total cycle time
and also does not allow to draw off some sludge as in case of activated sludge second
clarification. It separates the clear liquid from the solid which can easily drain out without
allowing the solid to come out. Aerobic granules have very low settling time and very compact
shape so that they can easily separate the treated liquid from itself and completely settle down
very fast.
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Anaerobic treatment processes
Ken Anderson, ... Sinan Uyanik, in Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology, 2003
6.3 Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR)
The anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) process was developed by Dague's group at
Iowa State University. It is a batch-fed, batch-decanted, suspended growth system and is
operated in a cyclic sequence of four stages: feed, react, settle and decant (Wirtz and Dague,
1996). It comprises a single tank in which all events take place, and since a significant part of the
cycle-time is spent settling the biomass from the treated wastewater, the reactor volume
requirement is higher than for continuous flow processes. However, this disadvantage is largely
offset by its simplicity (it requires no additional biomass settling stage or solids recycle) and the
absence of feed short-circuiting which often occurs in continuous flow systems. It has also been
reported that biomass granulation (see the next section) can occur in an ASBR after long periods
(300 days) of operation. Wirtz and Dague (1996) claimed that the time required for granulation
could be shortened by approximately 2 months when granulation enhancements such as
granular active carbon (GAC), silica, polymers and ferric chloride were utilized. Operational
cycle-times for the ASBR can be as short as 6 hours (Wirtz and Dague, 1996; Banik et al., 1997).
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Development of Smart AnAmmOx System and Its Agile
Operation and Decision Support for Pilot-Scale WWTP
Alam Nawaz, ... Moonyong Lee, in Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater
Management, 2021
2.1 AnAmmOx SBR process flow at pilot scale
The AnAmmOx SBR WWTP consists of a treatment process section involving an equalization
basin (34 m3), SBR (29 m3), a collection tank (3 m3), and physical microorganism separator
(PMS), as shown in Fig. 26.1. The PMS aids in retaining the optimum size of
AnAmmOx sludge granules through extraction from the sludge, followed by recycling the
residual sludge in the SBR tank. The sidestream AnAmmOx SBR system shown in Fig. 26.1 was
used to collect data. The system was developed and investigated by Doosan Heavy Industries
Ltd. and Yeungnam University. The average working volume of the SBR was 25 m3 with a
volumetric exchange rate of approximately 30%. A hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4
cycles/1.1 days was maintained with an inlet nitrogen loading rate of 0.42 kg N m−3 day−1 and a
nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of approximately 0.24 kg N m−3 day−1. Mixed liquor suspended
solids (MLSS) of approximately 7.6 g MLSS L–1 were maintained in the SBR vessel. In the
partial nitrification (PN) process (Saxena, Nawaz, & Lee, 2019), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
(AOB), nitrification, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) worked synergistically to lower the
overall chemical needs and combined aeration cost when compared with the
conventional denitrification process.

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Figure 26.1. Process flow diagram of AnAmmOx SBR process.

Chemolithoautotrophic AOB constitutes the nitrification rate-limiting step in the overall nitrogen

cycle. An existing PN/AnAmmOx reactor was used to culture (seed sludge) bacteria and
supplied to the SBR tank illustrated in Fig. 26.1.
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Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
M.M. Ghangrekar, M. Behera, in Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, 2014
3.5.4.2.7 SBR
A SBR is used in small package plants. The SBR system consists of a single complete mix
reactor in which all the steps of the activated sludge process occur (Figure 9). The reactor basin
is filled for duration of 3 h and then aerated for a certain period of time, usually 2 h. After the
aeration cycle is complete, the reactor is allowed to settle for duration of 0.5 h and effluent is
decanted from the top of the unit, which takes approximately 0.5 h. Decanting of supernatant is
carried out by either fixed or floating decanter mechanism. When the decanting cycle is
complete, the reactor is again filled with raw sewage and the process is repeated. An idle step
occurs between the decant and fill phases. The time of idle step varies based on the influent flow
rate and operating strategy. During this phase, a small amount of activated sludge is wasted from
the bottom of the SBR basin. A large equalization basin is required in this process since the
influent flow must be contained while the reactor is in the aerating cycle.