{hoor and patie, wa 200 be conrad by the comer fl ‘he Viennese cre Edad Hank, who bebeved i the antonomy ff moc. Hance raced cxtcly co the snense of Wage fourig de isrrsenal muse of Brn which coud be er pret a slfsficent i cons to the exer mascl connections {he sapicance ofthe Wagner ose dann Inthe Auto. German conta une shone, se crc bad ‘ow become fel pot for deli recone onthe are simi. The connections between ction ad Meology were Sn tore day marked i nneens-crry Rona fr ample ich the fcr for stoma maa Kenyon reece in musi rc fe naomi). Msc eric ring the event century feted an ints fenion of ftors ahenty Sve ting the’ revs cer Il compre no longer cre review mew mc nthe ay at Schuman i, compo slough jtiiendon trough the writen ‘wor with Schoeaberg. fr exami, producing an sunance of ‘rien ormnestay en music fe modal) Hower noma Content se ech and the reo the ee wee objected ten grotr ical press me besa sue of moe rer pail epson, “The further derdopment of 4 pofeaonilie, scaemic mic cology bis nensed the vison beeen emicolgy and riachn Crincam his become more wilepread tp the inten ‘meds such newogpery agin, tdip an more ree tle, al of whch can fete tevew Of performmenr ne! Iie and ew record However, recent develope is Coy sags newfound cri oreo, Thi doc oe nls Scie of econ bur fe does sugges an alae apron to ‘mic Amercan mcolgs fp Kennan whose work ore competenive “hamuoe” pat ‘ices of ome {enum 1994, 30) aan leraive to the alge. bjt of tna This propo ope op he rape fey ome thes ue oneal nl enthatte petie bu & cried ough th a ceain ign nd close sera es ao pole to look toans re feo 10 se ht projec x rea resnsp to oot 'm well fo the sc une ction fe eked theory). ‘Popular musical ja ao hive tes owe er dcounes ‘oce discourse, but shey ao provide 4 cet parle wih te lial msc tadion, The enlopnet opie ura bo |e (Dnt and poplar mi Ran St ped sapere, provide a Exmewoek witin which ered reponse could be Toe Cita dacuoen intro cevews ao select «eet ve, wh ow ou and ecrdingy sje o ric and on. Tn pops ms, he dion berween jourmlie foci and acaemic sey can ofen be ney obser, ih Inport vies sac Sto Fh and Gre Mates set move tem both dnesons Sls ee mag new masology CULTURAL STUDIES. The term evar studi can be underinod x generation that force al spec of he say of cle ncladig muse, Howes, Siu tile srmounded by multe mange ad context he dint inege and en lied 0 ie pei practice snd Ihre. The point of origin generaly oven dhe work of Fay trond Willa, one ofthe mon portant imagine WLS 00 faltre, sd can! Her. The formation of the Bisham (Cae for Contemporary Case in 196, ced by Rocka Hoge and den Str Hall represent the begining of ela ‘oli sap adem daciphne ad the snes iors theo fenton of care ‘The doe work at energed fom Bi ign embeaceda mal (or Seren fread engaged Sha iene ange fell pacices, fom tha ae new eal {Sn geno of cll sai, Gaur ois have fen boon concerned with popu colae ce popular mati) the desineon beeween deen mations or IG eee beng a econ oe, Th fens othe popu bas ten take poi dinenston ough engage wi ses och (Sa. These tendones ae well rice in Dick Hebsiges Sua: Te Mong of Spe beige 1979), weak ae my ‘tide Bangor clara tdi cadon, Hebe concern ‘ti te spton of young people or manips rm be aie ‘every ie Thi least consdersson of he deme of youth ‘selina the oppstion beeen eh pton abd the C= ‘nny st and emu of te mide a economic con (exo. Even, Hebigecousucs 4 Sale relon of itCrpotin, binging tne eos rgeher sgh the fc on ‘i which cine ae of poy een ite odio Camping posi: Toe tur Std ithe pp mal of pio, wi ese nade ka uch a ga ee ‘adore ‘Sw of hemo inl work on popu suscea 1 nee om a exp cue mies ako cre fo Soran anal Beant ence Grose ho ne pops ti thin brad ce emer et gh poll and ieslopel perpen Gc aelgy athe ined tcl Ito fea kel Dan eof a Cog 9 ‘tons snes twtr itn sal ec slg of popu ce, ope rc me aout oe Sits Conc eo the posi of eel ode ara ew Proreie itt won (Ol) Ti ston kat Comb {Sumac woe ooh ecto concen wath tres ie ll ts plow se a {Sa coninaeson thor: a cprann ofthe popcly all “fic oroc msn nena a thes sca Of she mow comer gen yy Tho eee Outi soe porn ite oy ways can ls ea prot man gece fe Gam mappg fee os al Popa mse Te ul epson hte Comcre Neen {lca bo ich ae ned y wha Gey poe sth omer po al ca china Amer be ne of Alig er ts may te dy oop as rnany cee en io esogy ough + neeand nd “Sct, povie snes pac bec ww siology Team chs Gary Tomtuonh Alok Reuter hag once {on Sut Cian gh Fads Cy 191) do Sheps tas Sead or hopes! 97) we ats ‘eet ih piston pi fx tn em cattemany dle wpe aac pci a ger Comex Erma Dein 8 Gg 98,17: 1 Ma (CULTURAL THEORY ein shor clr sae, cuse (CULTURE Aconfng tothe inden clu theorit Raymond Wiliams, fue" oe ofthe two or three mo complied word inthe nh Ign (Wine T9484), Willan mae hs emer Ins Book eed Kipuid, elt an ingore clu text The mpc snare by Wil emerge fo he dient cone ‘eri which he wordt sed and dhe dierent meanings hat atch tot Whe cular is gencrily been wed a al-embracing et foe ceive eductonal and ase ete, Tey Tagan eet he plseaiy ofthe term ad estima with mate tg ‘nonable theve dae to ec ate a derive of elt, cut, ymologaly speaking. a concep derived om nature’ Talowing lune comdenion of eater wage, he coplades "We derive oot two! fr the Get eum sce Eon our abd gee, pean evo? Eton 200 1), Thi ‘uation” emmy an ge ofdevlpent and ow ers dcp oft bec ete to human sc pectiealy eduction. Ts unending of Sse ht dear api bork asc and masclos, bth of hich at inextily inked to ebscitonalproenes and cote. (Clie ifn toh ofc both conse anda tee of acaces hu dene tht conte The migesion of content ids Oat fuse ext ar callectve practice. Ti view was projected by TS. hoc atx ed "No Towands the Dedaon of Cole a ‘ich oe expe the cerators of tee level of clize Sheng, prope or cles fe clam) rd he whole of ace Exch of tho lew depen on dhe nex nd rol oan under ‘ting of uk athe whole wy of He” hr 1975, 297). oes enpectve, which wi driven by hiv om region bl, aiken rain findamenal hse Cleaty any indi arm idenley ‘hough hs or her esta snocton pd socal and/or eon ‘ely defied groping may abo fom ints trough shart nee a ne how al thi ane sbeaned within a coral tea tie whole of sae rex prema ote the Boe es the snp ster tan the pal eather ih « ‘kiigon of cle Fom ou contemporary tla ere tests Gc etl), He dfnionn of are seem vmewbat Gusn, be oven inthe contest of Ets own Sc tr wee tet overt ap erence fe let) de ool form «reac "os imerpreton of cle Reynond Willan conualy produce! insight dicuwion of cole and dy ex cult ses) ne ko engaged wihHor of Mis Fo the Eat Ag 1 the Pret Pad (Barn Wf seis. wheres ace more fen imps a ack of choice and 1957) gies sya acount of wha were then conceved ss hel porn” As incaon ofthe mote Deseret leet of mse within ahora survey an exer tht recs MET ny Bente Anco hay ange that repens “aie the mona of the Enlightenment. The steno conssuct all) tani tAndesos 10s) ‘tional accoune of nie reflected note species pale The cake step to theorize popultions in erms of social ‘och m hore of user and Roce Baker and Christenen 195), cura ing ae fm the neath ceuy expec a “The Enlgenment has cat ong show over te development Whe wrk of Germ wocglogit ferdinand. Tonnir oad French ‘xseding Gogh modernis sth prone For some, sch aM ujologin sed ptlnopher mle Deets. -The concept of ch Gersan theorist Jngen Haber, modems and che Elie fy pe in sportnce i the sci sles the 1960 3 the ‘ment sre ony tele. Haber cain a "The pet a non of declonncon im Afice and Aca and a rexpnie 2 modernity. [vas] frmmted by the phsophers ofthe Eaighe Me ucinednigaton pox clei soccer ite orbern nen” (Habermas 185, 9) ad goes om 0 po be gueon sho Thrope tex portecolocial/povtcolonialamy). Ac ren of the ‘we nyt hol an othe mw fhe Enihtennens, bles theyll ring nace and acco ews of he ine, ethnic wo say bso shoul we dete the eae projec of modernity 2 Toe Moin by soclogies aero ropcsent the pone fling of ‘ase? 9, oe Habeas, the values and inenons of tell chnging ote group. More recy anc he cllpse of te Enigherent contin to hd some relevance dh thi ei St Union sd is stele at, the concep a atraced moe iouhips with moderism, which he ses aan incomplte pee MM pave conetason, acing fm the noi oni smn” This in cones to che ject of Enlghenmen es i et the former Yogsan This ons to mote een opposing moins of there of postmodern. eed im yond nel fetccty tn ne ted,» pe mee Yo cake toward etna Lyotard 1992, au), wth the onal sort OFM eny ond ongng sn on theres hae a tage of pola the alignment cing potent ncaa od rc na Jonge stiae wince nea ureters of prtnodemn Howe, shri boundny problem: where doe one eis Recent mosiolgal wring ve formed «ew enggeien lM (or oe rs) begin nd aother cue Msgs ave been ved wih dhe es nd comics fhe Elsie mone ncly Mo veting bic Vos. Rs Gray ding te 988d Kane Rosa Subonk’ Dowie Hirai Sabie 196) ME yew wt Ptr dears thecal amesing oe eof hich cas the ube Mai nd Reso in Hs Sty Soho MM fac rns 198) clang cane fae cep ch dots Morar’ Die Zain (1791), 0 work ofen se san eal My Chopin sn ren eer were ae German, Parcel co tna erection of he Flight. Ths wo explored Ml ee cng Handel German compos in tps os fom the preci of bth the Engheanet ad Romantics] eran dopon yh Engl Tet sa hat Pad! ‘hth pono ernest opens icone ee ee ae hs ane they ene rohing in comercial reson othe Ml ch pa (178) enero, Hc det for choral ea asa eocers of the lghcnment i, 138), tm, wich dewlopedthovgh hs experince of Engh chor tons was clined as an anpaon of Germanys Nana Figs He 195; Kami 95 ‘Sine win wht yan the people However. all stem at deing hat German sie Sve concer of ick impresses Hogo Riemann ETHNICITY In sedi lane = re ie, ot et baie Gro a “The tex ethniciy apis 20 socal group tha share a sense of culo “The anthropalogie TH. kocn has argued ths Serge an dentin oppor ges deen sgh a ofthe of red ty may wel cs coun fle od ti sony a pet 4 elon ne 3 propery face fe dicoure). Arse, 3 once ht ows fr dee Sa guys ceiacty bien apes of oad nha‘esween aunt lo consider themacs clea dsincsive oon mene other groupe wth whom dy ave 3 m= tum of regu ero (en 983,12) “This dfnon pons to he kesh icy opr relational omen whee cau dant it 9 et for ecarple a ‘ibe wih minority gros ach sian in New Yoo), count St cary hecopenows poplin ach Ind and Chita Grate pote dior (el, Rom) tn ech exe, til enn’ re ly fo be defined apse a (prevedo ral Fegan nm. Hove, mise accel wih certain nite Sudha eper imc and id Meson no ected aoe Roo (onal ocaon an fs wee pon de ougout istry Dah a iam Ge Rano a Bol 200, 4-4, Such ui {oil av alwys be performed by memes of the anacsed en ‘thr smn plea Morar eens we ofthe Tier ale ee Orlentaan) aod Schubert We At gp ol Special nis bt mor for example the opening the a frome othe Stung Quint fo © mor Dr 956 (828) Belmar 1938). Tic seniy may evolve or change ding the ves of ce ting ince Aedes Vem ead eon Rom man ieruons Mater convened to Catols in ott conduct Viens Sate Oper: Lia ahogh aw coneed Manan rman and war comico one of the New German School ao Sith Wage, Buk, om the eer hand, ese the inporance Ipeskng tlungaran (vento x cm Gesospesking fy) ‘To cecil coneoed wi the fouaton ot modern mid ovine des of utenti ee autem Moga ‘Shiciy — one tha he fe rede i ungaran pest mig Sher Lint al belved atthe eve aon cnpostons Foner wee tows pesormed by the gyn (ce Brown 200 “rampencr 200), Asa wl of sur of ese mi ph ‘heh Roman, Croga apd North Abe Batok was one Sher etnomancoigie “The term tinommctlgy i srbared to Dutch scot Kent wh st fa the se of book paisa ip 1950, Facts bintecipiny ivohing Bogus a atopaog {hl an oy peaking apples to msc that sides ouside Wiser concert mse tradition, It bs been varoily decribed» thee of misc cue (Mert 198 and he stay ose In mai (Seeger 1987. The Beh hnomuscloge Marin Ske Music's whseser ay soi group cores eto be, contrary "ite enemas or textarea echnigus om ‘ologisals (Ske 14,5) As Stokes indies, edinomascologs, snd antroplogis, kav mse oy fom the trace view tat performance sing foes scl and curl ssc ne struct). hoch toloy, ike Exopenrcented saaiclogy erigly fered co cl tn nd mcs, eens bell athe pom ofan teste scenic apprsch. Ukimaty however, enormolo- fp cies reflec ee dolgies es ideology) ofr exponen Fovcampit, Radno sod Babine pointe nt Bat partuely seats etnomscolegy nena in rater Sed concep ny, xe, nd stjecy” ano and Boban 200, 2) However = mucology beim to gueion fy extuve fa On Wiser concere mse so te boundaries Berean the ee dpe Angin o Brand tek sed concerns grow Tue f asc are neresngy Roun! up wth globaliaion. he bal send p-top fr pecan be eo bring ta ldcotie~ et of oppresion snd sroage crigialy coated by ‘iean-Amercan in NewYork into the band fete minors Ting in pare of rope, sacha Pane and the Neen ths ume cae shire an apt by ferent ethic ops ey sm ew ETHNOMUSICOLOGY i iiniciy FEMINISM. he orginal. movena boly defined eink ie Jena concer to revene tans in which women se mtynalize1, or ubordisted ta, men, parry in polio, economic, ston ad pai, er dene McC abo exis Ha tnd cult Ge ele) orm of econ dt to const fhe famework in bic Madonaa oper somewhat ie 0 owe eal ad incl sce: A's theory cane de he of the Wencrn at eaditon, i wich feminine ubjecs a> Mary Weltonscts A Vnitr te Ri of men pblsed fed wath dese (Carmen, bole Salome Ta) mabe deoye. 1792, Flowing om om conems for womens economie and poi Youcad Mala sited. wih the physabey of Asean ‘al poston sn sce Bom the meds pot Second Ward Wa rrkan soca sich ay Anas Franklin and Bese Sith, oe io, feminie dheory tuned i atenson more toads Womeclll hom, argued here ana male outers, women wh ng ultra experince In more eect ne, mamber diene pe ME Yoweraly of both he pti and de eae wit the pune Sf fino have emerged icing Marae ose Maxi) Miro Game of Eanes eure” 15), Simi poi ae heal iin Mey Lacy Given her nation of acing fey (Crees Fenn became a principal concer af mascology in the 98g, 21-31), 7 longi oter nerdy appecthes bay eneprced nde Fermin tis have ao engage recy wth mas, edn to the new mascology. Prior thy in the 1970s mnecogis wee NtcChry decriton of ering patacalwilence ia Beebo= steady beining to redscower fngonen women composes aad Mey (Meany 1991, 128) This Lind of approach ley postions eslomers nd inchs ih ha ben to review extingconsPOHMM™ yond nlm veaon vo gener, which ses om x ich older ‘uch gens, canon, genre an priodizaion Hower, trowel Ml (alon of dexssbin ciate fr expe sa fe, {he 1th and 1950, sesso ach Stan McCli. Mrel tere omc an eminne ge Dahan 196). Whe sch ‘Ci an Ruch Soe ei to conser the eral res fr Pcie ws previo sedan exeson offical Met of ‘nanalsing of women composts fom the essed con. x ftong cline and weak eine, for exanple he -all e vse hive questioned eset views hat women wee soxnchow Mc ein, more cntepory wits have red the senon ie ology sited so composing than me,» ci that cou hem of sje pons ce wbfet postion or seer bested Gee Halen 1999), Insta, explain Mumps n vnon wo te eheing of ocanan Jo the Bap) the Tak of female composes ant re with soil and PORSCHE In Senet ops Sab (905, Carly Abate fr tha he condos fenpac ‘cme eninge ino Sepying3 nl posto, ‘Maria Con tat explored ists of gender and the ml My ming any seme fale ator voice ad epg wth 2 ‘amon, the cance af mse gendered dee, the ies of rou ME asin chores of duct singen” Abbe 983" 20) Sach + ‘sonia the recap of women's mice Citon 193) ME Srren mterpes brs we othe eth of he abe i he Hermes rain ofa puin Sn own eye ou epost. : ntetonw he ht nthe ensayo “Trg the 190, ene aialogy Beene more cxly ‘uber umber wens by campers chs Beethoven, Sch Mad ap wines of geen ice eateries {Chopin were rien pre slos, fen ents by wore trina reece eretngy port pic, such Body, tnd ht the leans were abo home ta ngs rmber of wi Mey nd nara women conporen Thee women mee slo Pusu music mag eee of fnounble oc comin they came fom tbe Mara Ate 201 linen 198 Ck 199, 1955 Dien de fas with sant wei ad lexi "om rae Ste 199, Wan 20 ‘One are tao cia the seo of ei nsclogy +: popalar mus In her seminal study ofthe music of Mado -MClry examines the aessaton het dons tan ave mean FORMALISM ‘wae we ee and ear Bese he" sat enough dh ‘nines dol ailing male ier (McClaty 1991, 19, Mey The concept of forma sin an achtc ppc (ce nee ews poe agument to refi hin chim, ine demon thats) at etre formal deel swe ober ctor euch 3 ‘sing the complete con tit Madonaa tates ove het a8 end, meaning, cxpresion and faterpretaion) and estcommonly aoc with the sy of mac form though Sdnopine of mace analyie The phlowphicltackgound Fermi ened he see of Inu! Kane Fc onsieetions of adgeent apd te ay sclted the Cig Jaden orgy obedn 790 Kat 1987 le Hua and 9st, 214-29) elevate wha i eing ober he work ore ‘elated or omental for, The ma een dete! mpc of a thinking relon co he work shat of he “dnerse so whi the outeome ofthe ei proce eptitd mspudcter nine ‘expectoration ee Sdealogy) This rs inc ‘stance hat cans wo nec a degree of object no the pr fn dr she the pores of ierpreston twas the ne Proper fhe wor, leding the chin th he a of he worl ‘aloe rade nthe ality fr, Tithe ain areral pe speccaly Wester at ase, rn enue thi irs and yi conte, 4 eon the formal clement and requirement of mae find ney il facut Both Schoebergs develope of sein and Savin ‘oneracton of neolicaninvved elation of si felnve procice. The concer wih frm tht shit involved Poderist mused contest sbo Bn se way ea the ad fm “The rae of analysis 4 usicoloie pacce refs the bac round of oma rl ets the pir ofl el froma compostional racic nto a mode of nga th ha ine loge The aaa metbodlosy sensed with Asta sie shorbe Hetrick Schenker, fr etample, acetates the ps ‘ieging feral dl dine ons eral co nd exh= Plies the Kann deste forthe wos "orm aly’ tough te exch fora specie rca paradigm ad the ene or de (elcologal cle of the race fee Schnee 107), Gay MUSICOLoGY ay musiogy ics response to, and pre of, what i mare broadly Ibeted “gueer theory thi iy ser fn humans sae da ‘ezerpe topic om ay, lean or Berl pepe. Alhoagh (he tem hed here ins poner see, abode noted tha esi pesca pining caren ini own right Gay sis have fron in repens wo homophobic wale couple with parila fewtnce aerate gender poem They comitof pea Fapomes ty gy o ans bu may equally be the Wook of cme, wi ty Regent fom ay oe Dr sjee, ths noc excel te ene ay sis ha ten mnbe of academe ed acting erry cri Ge Sedevick Ut 99, poor ee Bute 190), an eral suds Gee Di 13) “Soe of the Key motions behind gay muiclgy i bein Aivering ox dpe snd resin or he rgd Seclgy ab Widen sgn to eck oly sfx yo a0 ceed only Seba Be a 1994, Asc rs pe Ber inate reared foie new muscalogy An impor ei fompl ir Php Dress sce “rien and Gre (Bret 1977), ich exinined wae io wich the cena citer of exh ren opers Por Crimes (145) abeen mere, ain 3 feed chracertations 3 subaued agenive ebopy = a0 wh calor ian an ay weak penon clad by Veco timid and dete a uc (Rr aad Michel tonne cape Crone pg i te oper interme of the cre redeconof Betent om homens, aang Ie was Per Gries, rprsening the kimite nay of pee Chon ade th pled rail ole i Been) coning to erm with hie and he sce which he Bath stl nd yee woe to sere aa scan, "dees 1977, 100) et work isa paraig fr src siated pose, desing Pe beewcen muse seer and spur temes none ‘perry tert nl pol In hit, Brew draw sents See ihe dynamin of he clone (Bre 1998, 21). Whe Teter Homotenity ws generally common owed be id noe nuke pte and deved wero states ht us and penn Meo avid dec expreion ofthe face Thi ay explain 2 ete of ‘erence (oe alert) sha inom the mate uF ay composes, electing Bre aber at “Toy lle, who offen experience a hurdown ofl king ‘theres feng hepa and cys appl oelade pare oftheir scent Me, me appear a vein tidine a7 Je igh be sped cha Br 1977 atl, phe the yer af cite da reenter outing? the composer Sch pracice ha formed pune the moe rail pits a ec hea Feowing the bf ating public sen ofthe lea, ope Ive i sce wll lp ale peace Th dev Informed ceri clog wha have fore on compose Ive been ned a ilrent inte of thir sl ngs, ‘or rexpion, Exaile of thin nchade Gary ©. Thomson Ha {nd Sam MeClnyon Schober Gee Bre 194) ‘Gay mscoogy ca ake ny aber of ford can be wed info almost any lind of anal! o erie aposch to ms Som the way hat we stn ea oper th eb ae, ‘Alban Beng Lal (192) sce Laced 199}, 0 a codcaton the noson of «lan compotion proces (ce Wood 198 yceng 194). fo popular mie, py mology hs ent ‘vatenson othe domly sl pesorance ye of arate us om schol ave sk cmidered way in which yor quer Men te encoded in music fanguage. Tor example, Pred E. Mats imerpeced harmon evs si smisolnce oe Te Shp Bos an expres of a sewve Kad of scat (Mate 20) Fas ara that rae farther recone in the gt que theory itcale te historiography of mise Ge abo hora ‘musicolog), se analyse snd ctinomacoloy (eet GENDER In the cone of eat studi, gender may be undead the socal conerciednes of what tenes and alee ean ina [pres ealeere In otor wor, it an eagle Slog) ‘oncee thi contingent om acoso content, her ae cual ilo eme ofc an xa, Treo, music fae fel een genre fee, and sepe= sented sch a pings, Sr example fora mein Tel sll of Fane (Se 1995, 3) or lee eo th ay ete td dees In er onadenton of Arto Move sad onrprary mini in the lite Renaissance, Suzanse Cusick his sen atenton to the we of gender mephor In hetorc ee Iwetaphor, language) in pacar Ards ater 19 dacredit enperary mode of te fnew ‘want od ea hing of bok practioner andi tees (Cask 199, 3) Ths maton Feemeen tune and gender, wick Cosck ies Back > ot Rola ed "egret serps by some mesa noite th nage. Notte ene ince McC cl hat Neaioves Nin Symphony (1822-4) 1 "pobibly our" most sling tcl in mae of te contadcory impale at Lite organi! pamiucha cure since she Ealightenment (hilary 191,12, Chase king ha ee ha oon, follgeanenent sn ecied a (Kikpsick 1973, 13 nd festrey idelape and ponturngy of ch gute ck eee Wer 1999, ‘uclogs ad ogrper Mayra Solomon (ee biography) on ene ofthe st to inode gender and emis sues io scogy Soon 1977, 198%), st iiaed by Saran Mery, Ih alee senouses, grace and courage with which Solon In innotaced suction cencening miaogyny. i Beethoven, oop in vs, ov homercn in Seber nt 2 daphne hth steadied adden ah ae (McClary 194,208) Tnaddsont conering the gender of ore and of compose sof mera the goer of peormen, compose stents eh ‘hol Pracly igh nth rears Ck expansion of Fevoance-ceted misc cc, fllwing the dear of gener theorist adh Ber (Cac 1995). The eaeace of Baler’ ea the geder someting has performed tht nether the oc nor the Bolg conceptions of gener ae sae. Thi, agua fom cove tas we Rave berween the wy we ern socal fad the way we peor, ose ur bode Gee body ser ao ler 1990), Cass develop hs les hough an examination othe teesteenth-centry singer, compone and teacher ranma Cac Ini Ee dle fead unger of ok bad Pe am. ‘Cock coors wht kind of male body sauces woul ea in these permet oe th oer 4c, the ae sg igh tess bu iho feo, ‘tacking sins no the ang ut pce ered By moe eae per” (Cac 199%, 39) Se ae comer the Indigo Gi puadignatc gl group onthe tisk Atane calle ene wo With thet oie -petorn eit re ti sx ada wey ay odes igh rae ane ‘Scher ths cour ieligien ou me abelian’, 57“This form of inguin, Casi anges may ofr an frve mean of comlerng the ay in-wich and pore rere bch trond our, Sree thon dtd by Cac ae ep ‘by Michel Mors the contet ofthe gendered hore of tl ‘enh ia er 98 dco Ts Raning Men (Mores 199) Tacreanghy seer being corired in reason other tory such eign, elas, eit, sd natal emt a the wa ‘nich st appnaced wl be inflanced bythe concest of chnomuscolone popular music or open, fo expe, wil ec ‘ate slighty ding approche Sues of gener hive so the emergence of dsinet etiologies, sch ee abd lesb sxe Ge gay masicology) GENIUS Atco dat ivokes contain mui gual, ith dhe impcion ones an a beghened se of al that tes 0 thew "Geta vor it sonore daring te Ealightenment of ehtcenth cnr) ad spas nthe hesonares tht were en fctre of ha prt and proj inking tha ofthe Swi writer a seshetes Jounin Gro Salzer, who, in Bi one The oer Kita peace theft weaning sry af the a German, He deere the ges those who ie preter sl a ‘pirical nigh than oes inthe tle and ecuptons for whi ‘heya ied fe Hany and Day 198,127). The ae of he en ‘he caception, howe who have reer lool es ward eton, bat the sogpaton ef pina ig? ako comers "he Elghenen concen with he ube ss susion oil Jeurney beyond he grasp of normal concep nd undentunding “fattjeques Reuters’ Dime de ie, one of he widely Inown werks of pe ding th hr egcenh ceo ones «fecining dtr of genie Seek sot, young ait the mening of gi IE you post you wile within ou ino, you wil ever Know ie The ican of genios encompass the emir univer within it tr He pnt ht pcan tn sound be makes she very ence ‘pene be expen ew by fc and flings by ace rd the pion that he woes move ut the very depth of out heat oasseas immediately er dat gens something nal pss CGodegien 1 commonly hel view ut his pasion descr Sho able hae upon sncpason af he Romantic of the ineeot enary pa providers conta t the aon oe njerment Routesn connie ‘Would you like to know then whether any spk of this ‘eons re ipie you? Ran, ye Nap! Lien tothe Imatepiees of Leo, Darn, Jom nd Prt you are Feligy weigh you down, dh tke Mesnaso tnd et 9 work His gras wl war yous Rouseas mensions the ents of Mens the brett nose work nse by many composes ofthe peo, but his Ist of composes Imeresing, with Ley Durant and Jomll now mast iy 0 be Aertel minor figure of the period. Ths magoo tht ny loeripson of ger hey to be phy subject pe ubjedst) Indie dependent upon the preences ofthe person making the chm, Irs key 0 eles he ore and etl cement he Thence century witnned a Escinaon wit the concept af esis uly poreyed tous » Rennie image af tbe compose {eheta, Thi rete nthe recepdon of Beethoven, in which it oppphial czeumstner wee scent fons fxmewoch for the ndenanding of de mac fe ography). Daring the Ltr ine teenth century, the cit ofthe etic composer wt extend by ‘Wig, rho was ore athe pray he aie an age at ‘Mipethelemped bape Dring the tenth centr the concept of ges ay ao be found the pee noson ofa wantin which arte ested the preoccupation wih the fre The laon of the cope, iamased hy Schoener sv mc sod wring (How One ecomes Lonely, Schoenberg 1973}, was a recurring Katte of the