CLASS 12

(Structure and Powers of Government)

Case(s):
▪ Macariola vs. Asuncion, Adm. Case No. 133-J, May 31, 1982
Case(s):
▪ Lawyers League vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 73748, May 22, 1986;
▪ In re: Bermudez, G.R. No. 76180 October 24, 1986;
▪ Letter of Associate Justice Puno, A.M. No. 90-11-2697-CA, June
29, 1992
➢ Proclamation No. 58 dated February 11, 1987
Case(s):
▪ Tanada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April 24, 1985; see also Resolution dated
December 29, 1986
▪ De Leon vs. Esguerra, G.R. No. 78059, August 31, 1987;
Case(s):
▪ Edencia vs. David, G.R. No. L-6355-56, August 31, 1953;
▪ Manila Prince Hotel vs. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, February 3, 1997;
Case(s):
▪ Perez vs. People, G.R. No. 164763, February 12, 2008
Case(s):
▪ Civil Liberties Union vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 83896, February 22, 1991;
▪ Domino vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 134015, July 19, 1999;
▪ Francisco vs. House of Representatives, G.R. No. 160261, November 10, 2003;
▪ Pamatong vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 161872, April 13, 2004;
▪ Datu Michael Abas Kida vs. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, October 18, 2011 (see also
Resolution dated February 28, 2012);
▪ Chavez vs. JBC, G.R. No. 202242, April 16, 2013;

B. Power of Judicial Review

1. Judicial Review Characterized
Case(s):
▪ Garcia vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 157584, April 2, 2009;
▪ Biraogo vs. Philippine Truth Commission, G.R. No. 192935, December 7, 2010

2. Conditions for the Exercise of Judicial Review

i. Locus Standi; Exception
Case(s):
▪ Oposa vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, July 30, 1993;

▪ Philippine Constitution Association vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 113105, August 19,
1994;
▪ Integrated Bar of the Philippines vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000;
▪ Funa vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 184740, February 11, 2010;
▪ Chamber of Real Estate and Builder’s Association Inc. vs. Energy Regulatory
Commission, G.R. No. 174697, July 8, 2010;
▪ Southern Hemisphere Engagement Network vs. Anti Terrorism Council, G.R. No.
178552, October 5, 2010;
▪ Advocates for Truth In Lending, Inc. vs. Bangko Sentral Monetary Board, G.R.
No. 192986, January 15, 2013;
▪ Akbayan vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008;
▪ Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon Strait vs. Secretary
of DENR, G.R. No. 180771, April 21, 2015;
▪ Paguia vs. Office of the President, G.R. No. 176276, June 25, 2010;
▪ Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines vs. COMELEC, G.R. No.
159139, January 13, 2004

ii. Actual Case or controversy (vs. Moot and Academic; Exception)

Case(s):
▪ Imbong vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014;
▪ Belgica vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 208566, November 19, 2013;
▪ John Hay People’s Alternative Coalition vs. Lim, G.R. No. 119775, October 24,
2003;
▪ Pormento vs. Estrada, G.R. No. 191988, August 31, 2010;
▪ Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities vs. Secretary of Education,
G.R. No. L-5297, October 31, 1955;
▪ Lacson vs. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001;
▪ David vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006;
▪ Province of Batangas vs. Romulo, G.R No. 152774, May 27, 2004;
▪ Sanlakas vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 159085, February 3, 2004; ▪ Alunan III vs. Mirasol,
G.R. No. 108399, July 31, 1997;
▪ Araullo vs. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014;
▪ Tanada vs. Angara, G.R. No. 118295, May 2, 1997;
▪ Philippine Press Institute Inc. vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 119694, May 22, 1995
iii. Lis Mota
Case(s):
▪ Kalipunan ng Damay Ang Mahihirap, Inc. vs. Robredo, G.R. No. 200903, July 22,
2014;
▪ Republic vs. Dela Merced & Sons, Inc., G.R. No. 201501, January 22, 2018; 4

▪ Laude vs. Ginez-Jabalde, G.R. No. 217456, November 24, 2015;

▪ Hacienda Luisita, Inc. vs. PARC, G.R. No. 171101, July 5, 2011;
▪ Macalintal vs. PET, G.R. No. 191618, November 23, 2010 iv. Timeliness
Case(s):
▪ Matibag vs. Benepayo, G.R. No. 149036, April 2, 2002;
▪ Macalintal vs. PET, G.R. No. 191618, November 23, 2010;
▪ Garcia vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 179267, June 25, 2013

3. Functions of Judicial Review

Case(s):
▪ Javier vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-68379-81, September 22, 1986;
▪ Salonga vs. Pano, G.R. No. L-59524, February 18, 1985;
▪ David vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006;
▪ ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp. vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 133486, January 28, 2000;
▪ Central Bank Employees Association vs. BSP, G.R. No. 148208, December 15,
2004

4. Who Can Exercise Judicial Review

Case(s):
▪ Ynot vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74457, March 20, 1987;
▪ Garcia vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 179267, June 25, 2013;
▪ Mirasol vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128448, February 1, 2001;
▪ Ongsuco vs. Malones, G.R. No. 182065, October 27, 2009 5. Effects of
Declaration of Unconstitutionality

i. Orthodox vs. Unorthodox View

Case(s):
▪ Republic vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 79732, November 8, 1993;
▪ De Agbayani vs. PNB, G.R. No. L-23127, April 29, 1971;
▪ Flores vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 104732, June 22, 1993

ii. Doctrine of Operative Fact

Case(s):
▪ Belgica vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 208566,
November 19, 2013;
▪ Araullo vs. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014;
▪ CIR vs. San Roque, G.R. No. 187485, February 12, 2013;
▪ Hacienda Luisita, Inc. vs. PARC, G.R. No. 171101, July 5, 2011;
▪ League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176951; G.R. No.
178056, August 24, 2010, (see also Resolution dated April 12, 2011);
▪ Cocofed vs. Republic, G.R. No. 177857-58, January 24, 2012

iii. Partial Unconstitutionality

Case(s):
▪ Tatad vs. Secretary of the DOE, G.R. No. 124360, December 3, 1997;
▪ Disini vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 169823-24, September 11, 2013

6. Political Question vs. Justiciable Question

Case(s):
▪ Oposa vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, July 30, 1993;
▪ Velarde vs. Social Justice Society, G.R. No. 159357, April 28, 2004;
▪ COMELEC vs. Cruz, G.R. No. 186616, November 20, 2009;
▪ Vinuya vs. Romulo, G.R. No. 162230, August 13, 2014

IV. AMENDMENT AND REVISION

Case(s):
▪ Gonzales vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-28196, November 9, 1967
Case(s):
▪ Defensor-Santiago vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 127325, March 19, 1997;
▪ Lambino vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 174153, October 25, 2006
▪ Sanidad vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-44640, October 12, 1976
Case(s):
▪ Planas vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-35925, January 22, 1973

5. Ratification
Case(s):
▪ Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. L-36142, March 31, 1973

V. THE PHILIPPINES AS A STATE

Case(s):
▪ Province of North Cotabato vs. Republic of the Philippines Peace Panel on
Ancestral Domain, G. R. No. 183591, October 14, 2008;
▪ CIR vs. Rueda, G.R. No. L-13250, October 29, 1971;
▪ Mandanas vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 199802, July 3, 2018

1. National Territory of the Philippines

➢ Article 1, 1987 Constitution
i. Archipelagic Doctrine
➢ Article 46, UNCLOS
ii. Baseline Method
➢ Article 48, UNCLOS
➢ P.D. No. 1596
➢ R.A. No. 3046
➢ R.A. No. 9522
iii. Territorial Sea
➢ Article 3, UNCLOS
2. Maritime Zones
Case(s):
▪ Magallona vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 187167, August 16, 2011 7
▪ In the Matter of the South China Sea Arbitration; Philippines v. China, July 12,
2016 (may be accessed at: https://pca
cpa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/175/2016/07/PH-CN
20160712-Award.pdf)

Case(s):
▪ Qua Chee Gan vs. Deportation Board, 9 SCRA 27 (1963)

Case(s):
▪ Lee vs. Director of Lands, G.R. No. 128195, October 3, 2001;
▪ Tecson vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004;
▪ Go vs. Ramos, 598 SCRA 266 (2009);
▪ Gonzales vs. Pennisi, 614 SCRA 292 (2010);
▪ Vilando vs. HRET, 656 SCRA 17 (2011);
▪ Poe-Llamenzares vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 221697; G.R. No. 221698-700, March 8,
2016;
▪ Co vs. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30, 1991;
▪ Valles vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 137000, August 9, 2000;
▪ Curco vs. SOJ, G.R. No. L-18069, May 26, 1962;
▪ Commission on Immigration and Deportation vs. dela Rosa, G.R. No. 95122-23,
May 31, 1991; 8

▪ In re: Ngo vs. Republic, G.R. No. L-24252, January 30, 1967; June 15, 1973;
▪ Chiongbian vs. de Leon, G.R. No. L-2007, January 31, 1949;

➢ C.A. No. 625, June 7, 1941

Case(s):
▪ In re: Application of Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, October 1, 1999;
▪ Republic vs. Lim, 419 SCRA 123 (2004);
▪ Ma vs. Fernandez, 625 SCRA 566 (2010);
▪ Vilando vs. HRET 656 SCRA 17 (2011);
▪ Republic vs. Sagun, 666 SCRA 321 (2012);