EXPERIMENT 2

To study the Bluetooth connectivity, Wi-Fi, 5G

Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the
help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of
connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through
wireless communication technologies and devices.
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Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to
replace the cables connecting portable unit and maintaining high levels of security. Bluetooth
technology is based on Ad-hoc technology also known as Ad-hoc Pico nets, which is a local
area network with a very limited coverage.
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How Bluetooth Works?

Bluetooth Network consists of a Personal Area Network or a piconet which contains a

minimum of 2 to a maximum of 8 Bluetooth peer devices- Usually a single master and upto 7
slaves. A master is a device that initiates communication with other devices. The master
device governs the communications link and traffic between itself and the slave devices
associated with it. A slave device is a device that responds to the master device. Slave devices
are required to synchronize they’re transmit/receive timing with that of the masters.

In addition, transmissions by slave devices are governed by the master device (i.e., the master
device dictates when a slave device may transmit). Specifically, a slave may only begin its
transmissions in a time slot immediately following the time slot in which it was addressed by
the master, or in a time slot explicitly reserved for use by the slave device.

The frequency hopping sequence is defined by the Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) of
the master device.  The master device first sends a radio signal asking for a response from the
particular slave devices within the range of addresses. The slaves respond and synchronize
their hop frequency as well as a clock with that of the master device.

Scatternets are created when a device becomes an active member of more than one piconet.
Essentially, the adjoining device shares its time slots among the different piconets.

Bluetooth Architecture-
Wi-Fi-
Wireless internet is known by different names, WiFi, wireless fidelity, and wireless LAN
(wireless local area network or WLAN). WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity. Regardless of
what you call it, WiFi is a wireless networking technology that gives devices like desktop
computers, laptops, mobile phones, smart TVs, game consoles, and other compatible wireless
devices internet access. This allows for Bluetooth, social media, real-time streaming, and
access to the limitless information that makes 2020 such a convenient time to be alive.

Working-

For WiFi to work you need either a modem connected to a wireless router, or a wireless
gateway, which is a combination of a modem and wireless router. These devices will be
considered your wireless access point - a hub that generates wireless signal and allows
wireless devices to connect to the internet.

These days routers are often WiFi 6 enabled, and backwards compatible to WiFi 5. XDual
band technology means that you can work on two frequencies at the same time which leads to
faster speeds and more reliable signal.

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5G-
5G is the fifth generation of mobile networks, following on from previous generations; 2G,
3G and 4G. 5G is set to offer much faster connection speeds than previous networks. Also,
being more reliable with lower response times and greater capacity.
Working-

Wireless communications systems use radio frequencies (also known as spectrum) to carry

information through the air.

5G operates in the same way, but uses higher radio frequencies that are less cluttered. This
allows for it to carry more information at a much faster rate. These higher bands are
called 'millimetre waves' (mm waves). They were previously unused but have been opened
up for licensing by regulators. They had been largely untouched by the public as the
equipment to use them was largely inaccessible and expensive.
While higher bands are faster at carrying information, there can be problems with sending
over large distances. They are easily blocked by physical objects such as trees and buildings.
In order to circumvent this challenge, 5G will utilise multiple input and output antennae to
boost signals and capacity across the wireless network.

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