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SQL FETCH: Skips N Rows Before

Starting to Return Any Rows
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Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the SQL
FETCH clause to limit the number of rows returned by a query.

Introduction to SQL FETCH clause

To limit the number of rows returned by a query, you use the

LIMIT clause. The LIMIT clause is widely supported by many
database systems such as MySQL, H2, and HSQLDB. However,
the LIMIT clause is not a SQL standard clause.

SQL:2008 introduced the OFFSET FETCH clause which has the

similar function to the LIMIT clause. The OFFSET FETCH clause
allows you to skip N first rows in a result set before starting to
return any rows.

The following shows the syntax of the SQL FETCH clause:

OFFSET offset_rows { ROW | ROWS }

FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ fetch_rows ] { ROW |
ROWS } ONLY

In this syntax:

The ROW and ROWS, FIRST and NEXT are the synonyms,

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therefore, you can use them interchangeably.

The offset_rows is an integer number which must be zero or

positive. In case the offset_rows is greater than the number of
rows in the result set, no rows will be returned.

The fetch_rows is also an integer number that determines the

number of rows to be returned. The value of fetch_rows is equal
to or greater than one.

Because rows are stored in the table in an unpredictable order,

you should always use the FETCH clause with the ORDER BY
clause to get a consistent output.

Many database systems support the OFFSET FETCH clause

including Oracle Database 12c+, PostgreSQL 10+, and Microsoft
SQL Server 2012+. However, each database system implements
the OFFSET FETCH clause differently with some variances.

The OFFSET FETCH clause is typically used in the client or web

applications that require pagination. For example, if each page has
ten rows, to get the rows of the second page, you can skip the first
ten rows and returns the next ten rows.

SQL FETCH examples

We will use the employees table in the sample database for the
demonstration.

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The following statement returns the first employee who has the
highest salary:

SELECT
employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY
salary DESC
OFFSET 0 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 1 ROWS ONLY;

In this example, first, the ORDER BY clause sort the employees by

salary from high to low. The OFFSET clause skips zero rows and
the FETCH clause returns the first row.

The following statement sorts the employees by salary, skips the

first five employees with the highest salary, and fetches the next
five ones.

SELECT
employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY

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salary DESC
OFFSET 5 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 5 ROWS ONLY;

In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the SQL FETCH
clause to skip N rows in a result set before starting to return any
rows.

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