Postcolonial aspects in Tariq Rehaman’s short story “The Bingo”.

Asma Yousaf

Student ID: 13174-D

BS. English

Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology

D.I Khan / Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Postcolonial aspects in Tariq Rehaman’s short story “The Bingo”.

Asma Yousaf
Student ID: 13174-D

BS English

Department of English

Supervisor. Naina Shezeen

Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology

D.I Khan / Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Dedication

DEDICATION

TO MY BELOVED PARENTS
 Acknowledgment

Allah the Almighty bestows His greatest grace upon me in completing this great

task of my life. I want to pay thanks to my supervisor, Miss Naina Shezeen for sharing

her vision, experience, insight, kind guidance positive comments and constructive

criticism.

My deepest thanks to my friends, whose benevolence and affection help and love

proved a great deal in undertaking this endeavor and without them nothing would be

possible. They always motivate me to complete the task in a specified span of time.

Various obstacles were removed by them and they were sending me positive vibes

every single time, whenever I became exhausted.

Asma Yousaf
 1

Approval Certificate
This is to certify that the dissertation submitted by Miss Asma Yousaf, is of sufficient standard to justify

its acceptance by Department of English, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology

D.I.Khan for the award of degree of BS English.

Supervisor

External Supervisor

1.

Dr.

2.

Dr.
 2

Abstract

The paper aims to investigate Tariq Rahman's short story "The Bingo" under the shadow of

Postcolonial theory. Postcolonial theory tells the readers about how colonized people started

resistance against the colonizers and how their efforts were fruitful. The paper points out

various aspects of postcolonial theory with the aim to help out the future researchers. The study

is carried out with a careful scrutiny of the meanings and answers of the questions posed in the

introduction part. Furthermore, the paper aims to decode the complexities of the postcolonial

theory with a detailed literature review chapter that would help the readers to understand the

meaning of the theory and the way it is applied on Tariq Rahman's short story "The Bingo".
 3

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Background of Study

It is critical academic study of culture political, and economic legacy of colonialism and

imperialism, focusing on impact of human control and exploit of un colonized people their ands.

post colonialism involves discussion of experience such as slavery, migration, suppression, and

resistance difference, race gender as well as response to discounts of imperial Europe such as

history, philosophy, and linguistics.

A growing concern among post. colonialism critics has also been with racial minorities in west,

embracing, native, and African Americans in US, British Asian, and Africans Caribbeans in u.k.

In post -colonialism .it is according to Frantz fanon who develop the idea of other in his writing

to be in post - colonialism studies.

This study seeks to consider how literature describe the other. The other by definition lack’s

identity, propriety, purity, literality.

In this sense he can described as foreign the one who doesn't speak given language, he is

unfamiliar, unauthorized, in appropriate.

To understand the concept of self and other the formalist approach is used which is an important

idea that helps the understand how meaning are beings shaped created in text.
 4

In 19 century, British prime minister William Gladstone stated that justice delayed is justice

denied.

His adage contain unconscious irony, given glad stones various leadership positions and

appointment within the government of largest colonizer and dealer of injustice to nonneutropenic

nations and indigenous people.

Post - colonial theory asks for justice. It seeks to speak to vast and horrific social and

psychological suffering, exploitation violence and enslavement done to powerless victims of

colonization around world.

It challenges the superiority of dominant western perspective and seeks to re-position and

empower the marginalized and subordinate other.

The collapse of great European empires, their replacement by world economic hegemony of

united States ,the study erosion of nation state and of traditional geopolitical frontiers along with

mass global migration and creation of so called multicultural societies, the intensified

exploitation of ethnic groups within the west and peripheral societies elsewhere, the formidable

power of new transnational corporations all of this developed spaces since committed to re-dress

of wrongs done to citizens auspicious of colonialism have a difficult undertaking ahead.

1.2 Problem Statement

This study is carried out to find out the aspects of Postcolonialism in Tariq Rahman's story 'The

Bingo' using Postcolonial theory as the theoretical framework. The researcher focused

thoroughly on different aspects of postcolonialism in the analysis chapter.

 5

1.3 Objectives of the Study

This study is conducted to find out:

To find out Postcolonial aspects in the short story "The Bingo" by Tariq Rahman

1.4 Research Question

1. What aspects of Postcolonialism are present in Tariq Rahman's short story "The Bingo"?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study will be conducted to find out aspects of Postcolonialism in Tariq Rahman's

short story. It will be a crucial study as little to no work has been done on Pakistani writers'

literary texts. The researcher hopes that this study will fill a required gap in the field of research

and will be fruitful and helpful for future researchers.

1.6 Delimitation of the Study

Though Postcolonial study is a vast area to explore, it still leaves a gap and this study will

be delimited to only postcolonial perspective. There will be many areas to explore for the future

researchers.
 6

Chapter 2

Literature Review

2.1 The Postcolonialism

Rao (2013) writes that 'Postcolonialism and globalization: Towards a historicization of their

inter-relation'

Simon During Cultural Studies. This article distinguishes between critical and reconciliatory

postcolonialisms, arguing that the former seeks radical alternatives to modernity based on non-

Western traditions and lifeways, while the latter works to reconcile colonized peoples to

colonialism. It argues further that the category of globalization has, for the most part, superseded

that of 'postcolonialism' and that critical postcolonialism needs to be seen not simply as

globalization's enemy but (in part) as its effect. That is, globalization and critical postcolonialism

have a weakly dialectical relation, a case made by examining the recent Māori renaissance in

New Zealand. What are the implications of this way of thinking for history? By examining two

late eighteenth century texts, Ossian's poems and Sir William Chambers' 'A Dissertation on

Oriental Gardening', the article suggests that the histories of globalization and postcolonialism

have always been intertwined.

‘Postcolonial studies’ as an academic field is conventionally dated to the publication of Edward

Said’s Orientalism in 1978. The signal achievement of this work is its conceptualization of the

colonial encounter as entailing not only the physical violence of military conquest and economic

exploitation, but also an epistemic violence enacted by particular forms of knowledge tethered to

imperial power. Said named this cognitive dimension of Western imperialism ‘Orientalism’—a
 7

term that he defines in three ways at the outset of the eponymously named book. In its most

obvious sense, Orientalism names a field of academic enquiry encompassing anyone who

teaches, writes about, or researches the ‘Orient’. Second, Orientalism is a ‘style of thought’

based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between ‘the Orient’ and ‘the

Occident’. In this sense, Orientalism names a Western tendency to dichotomize the world into a

series of us/them contrasts and to essentialize the resultant ‘other’, so that the backward, savage,

benighted Orient is seen to confront the developed, rational, enlightened Occident in a

Manichean opposition of civilizational proportions. Third, from the late eighteenth century

onwards, ‘Orientalism can be discussed and analyzed as the corporate institution for dealing with

the Orient—dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it,

by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it: in short, Orientalism as a Western style for dominating,

restructuring, and having authority over the Orient’ (Said 1985: 2-‐3). As such, Orientalism

articulates a relationship of knowledge to power that is both instrumental (to rule them you have

to know them) and constitutive, producing the putative reality (the ‘Orient’) that it describes.

Enabled by the brute material superiority of European imperial power, the production of

Orientalist knowledge also comes to function as an enabler of such power by legitimating

imperial rule in the guise of a civilizing mission.

2.2 Postcolonialism: A Theoretical Framework

Masood (2019) ponders that Postcolonialism is the critical academic study of the cultural,

political and economic legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human

control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. More specifically, it is a critical
 8

theory analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of (usually European) imperial

power.

He further goes on to say that Postcolonialism encompasses a wide variety of approaches, and

theoreticians may not always agree on a common set of definitions. On a simple level, through

anthropological study, it may seek to build a better understanding of colonial life—based on the

assumption that the colonial rulers are unreliable narrators—from the point of view of the

colonized people. On a deeper level, postcolonialism examines the social and political power

relationships that sustain colonialism and neocolonialism, including the social, political and

cultural narratives surrounding the colonizer and the colonized. This approach may overlap with

studies of contemporary history, and may also draw examples from anthropology,

historiography, political science, philosophy, sociology, and human geography. Sub-disciplines

of postcolonial studies examine the effects of colonial rule on the practice of feminism,

anarchism, literature, and Christian thought.

Rukundwa and Aarde (2007) write that Postcolonial theory formulates its critique around the

social histories, cultural differences and political discrimination that are practiced and

normalized by colonial and imperial machineries. According to Young (2001:1-11, 57-69),

postcolonial critique is concerned with the history of colonialism “only to the extent that history

has determined the configurations and power structures of the present.” Postcolonial critique also

recognizes anti-colonial movements

as the source and inspiration of its politics. Postcolonial critique can be defined as a dialectical

discourse which broadly marks the historical facts of decolonization. It allows people emerging

from socio-political and economic domination to reclaim their sovereignty; it gives them a
 9

negotiating space for equity. A number of theorists share this view, including Kenyatta

(1968:36); Bhabha (1994); Spivak (1988:197-221); Ashcroft et al (1989;1995); Sugirtharajah

(1996:1-5); Dube (1996); Segovia (2000:11-34) and Punt (2001, 2003). However, anti-colonial

movements are not uniform. Many of them are contextually confined, although drawn together,

and their heterogeneous principles form a postcolonial theory. Moreover, disciplines do overlap

and contradictions are inescapable. This is particularly true when postcolonial theory draws more

of its material from other disciplines and activities in a given context (cf Segovia 1999:111-113;

Sugirtharajah 1999:3-5). The language of postcolonial theory is uncompromising, because it

“threatens privileges and power” (Young 2003:7) by rejecting and challenging the superiority of

some cultures over others. Its priority is to administer equality and justice to people. According

to Young (2001:383-426), postcolonial theory as a “political discourse” emerged mainly from

experiences of oppression and struggles for freedom after the “tricontinental”3 awakening in

Africa, Asia and Latin America: the continents associated with poverty and conflict. Postcolonial

criticism focuses on the oppression and coercive domination that operate in the contemporary

world (Young 2001:11). The philosophy underlying this theory is not one of declaring war on the

past, but declaring war against the present realities which, implicitly or explicitly, are the

consequences of that past. Therefore, the attention of the struggle is concentrated on

neocolonialism and its agents (international and local) that are still enforced through political,

economic and social exploitation in post-independent nations.

Barker, Hulme, and Iverson (1996) write that the issues of colonialism and imperialism have

recently come to the forefront of thinking in the humanities. Disciplines such as history,

literature and anthropology are taking stock of their extensive and usually unacknowledged

legacy of Empire. At the same time, contemporary cultural theory has had to respond to post-
 10

colonial pressure, with its different registers and agendas. This volume ranges, geographically,

from Brazil to India and South Africa, from the Andes to the Caribbean and the USA. This range

is matched by a breadth of historical perspectives. Central to the whole volume is a critique of

the very idea of the" postcolonial" itself. Contributors include Annie Coombes, Simon During,

Peter Hulme, Neil Lazarus, David Lloyd, Anne McClintock, Zita Nunes, Benita Parry, Graham

Pechey, Mary Louise Pratt, Renato Rosaldo and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak.

Carey and Festa (2009) say that over the last thirty years, postcolonial critiques of European

imperial practices have transformed our understanding of colonial ideology, resistance, and

cultural contact. The Enlightenment has played a complex but often unacknowledged role in this

discussion, alternately reviled and venerated as the harbinger of colonial dominion and avatar of

liberation, as target and shield, as shadow and light. This volume brings together two arenas-

eighteenth-century studies and postcolonial theory-in order to interrogate the role and reputation

of Enlightenment in the context of early European colonial ambitions and postcolonial

interrogations of Western imperial aspirations. With essays by leading scholars in the field,

Postcolonial Enlightenment address issues central not only to literature and philosophy but also

to natural history, religion, law, and the emerging sciences of man. The contributors situate a

range of writers-from Hobbes and Herder, Behn and Burke, to Defoe and Diderot-in relation

both to eighteenth-century colonial practices and to key concepts within current postcolonial

theory concerning race, globalization, human rights, sovereignty, and national and personal

identity. By enlarging the temporal and geographic framework through which we read, the

essays in this volume open up alternate genealogies for categories, events and ideas central to the

emergence of global modernity.

 11

Sawant (2012) holds the view that The Post - colonial Literature and theory investigate what

happens when two cultures clash and one of them with accompanying ideology empowers and

deems itself superior to other. The Writers of Empire Writes Back use the term “‘post-colonial’

to cover all the culture affected by the imperial process from the moment of colonization to the

present day” (2). Post-colonialism marks the end of colonialism by giving the indigenous people

the necessary authority and political and cultural freedom to take their place and gain

independence by overcoming political and cultural imperialism. Postcolonial discourse was the

outcome of the work of several writers such as Aime Cesaire, Frantz Fanon, Ngugi WA Thiago,

Edward Said, Bill Ashcroft and his collaborators, Gayatri Spivak. The concept of post-

colonialism (or often postcolonialism) deals with the effects of colonization on cultures and

societies. The term as originally used by historians after the second World War such as ‘post-

colonial state’, where ‘post-colonial’ had a clearly chronological meaning, designating the post-

independence period. However, from the late 1970s the term has been used by literary critics to

discuss the various cultural effects of colonization. Although the study of the controlling power

of representation in the colonized societies had begun in the late 1970s with the text such as

Said’s Orientalism, and led to the development of what came to be called ‘Colonialist Discourse

Theory’ in the work of critics such as Spivak and Bhabha, the actual term ‘post-colonial’ was not

employed in these early studies of the power of colonialist discourse to shape the form and

opinion and policies in the colony and metropolis. “Postcolonialism”, in the words of Charles E.

Bressler, “is an approach to literary analysis that concerns itself particularly with literature

written in English in formerly colonized countries” (265). It usually excludes literature that

represents either British or American viewpoints, and concentrates on Writings from colonized

cultures in Australia, New Zealand, Africa, South America, and other places and societies that
 12

were once dominated by European cultural, political and philosophical tradition. Although there

is little consensus regarding the proper content, scope and relevance of postcolonial studies, as a

critical ideology it has acquired various interpretations. Like deconstruction and other various

postmodern approaches to textual analysis, postcolonialism is a heterogeneous field of study

where even its spelling provides several alternatives. The critics are not in agreement whether the

term should be used with or without hyphen: I. e. ‘Post-colonial’ and ‘postcolonial’ have

different meanings. The hyphenated term ‘post-colonialism’ marks a historical period as is

suggested by phrases like ‘after colonialism’, ‘after independence’, ‘after the end of empire’

whereas the term ‘postcolonialism’ referring to all the characteristics of a society or culture from

the time of the colonization to the present.

Batool et al. (2021) write that their paper dealt with various narratological tachniques employed

by Tariq Rehman in his short story 'Bingo'.

2.3 Previous studies about the Story

Fauzia Janjua try to explain identity from different perspective in her words. She describe that

we are living in multiple world and there we have different identities based upon our culture ,

tradition, politics , education, religion.

She also try to put light on different point of view on India and Pakistan culture based identity.

She also try to explain the Geo - political , situations from king to the present Pakistan that we

brought from India .she also concluded that literary writers are of influence and adolsence over

there leadership in particular in defining concept of that literature has help the concept of identity

and literary writers can help the construction of social ,culture and personal identities .
 13

Jaweria munir umt Lahore she can apply three stage model of post - structuralist ,deconstructive

process , as proposed by Barry 2002 on literary text short story Tariq rehman ( the bingo) .

The three stage are:

1. verbal stage

At the verbal stage she says that contradictory words are selected which shows isolation and sub

- conscious meanings can be identified

2. Textual stage

She analyzed the statement which reflects the ideas of writer .

3. Linguistic stage

The surface meaning of short story is called into question and found as contradictory to

hidden meaning.

Further the contractdictory statements are:

"I think this is the race of slaves ".

They were not slaves it seemed , he took his paw in his big hand. At surface level the narrator

shows his disliking for bingos but at deeper level he creates a sort of affection and responsible

for them in readers heart.

 14

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

Postcolonial theory and approach is one of the analysis undertaken for the paper. In this

approach, similar and dissimilar ideas and concepts are seen in unparallel positions of the subject

and the masters i.e. marginal and centre‘s tension. For the purpose, theoretically, structural point

of view and structuralism, in which, things, ideas and concepts are in binary opposition where

one point is identified by the help of other angles. But this structural frame is further decoded

and explored by post-structural or deconstruction strategy.

The research will be conducted in Qualitative manner. The theoretical framework that will be

used is Postcolonial theory. It will be used as a sieve and the short story The Bingo will be

examined through this framework. Culture hegemony :As Marxist logic ,social authority

examinations the capacities of financial course inside the base and superstructure ,from from

which gramsci created the capacities of social course inside the social structures made for and by

social mastery.within the hone of dominion ,social authority happens when the working and the

laborer classes accept and acknowledge that the winning social standards of society practically

portrays the common arrange of things in society .In the war for position ,the working class

comprehensibility politically teach the working classes to see that the winning social standards

are not normal and unavoidable social conditions and to recognize that the social develops of

bourgeois culture work as disobedient of socioeconomic mastery ,e.g the educate

 15

( state ,church ,and social strata ),the traditions ( custom and convention),and convictions

( religions and philosophies),.

Social authority capacities by surrounding the worldview of the administering lesson ,and the

social and financial structures that encapsulate it, as fair, genuine and outlined for the advantage

of all,indeed in spite of fact that these structures may as it were advantage the administering

lasson . This kind of control is particular from run the show by constrain ,as in military

fascism ,since it permits the administering lesson to work out specialist utilizing the ' quiet '

implies of belief system and culture .

The bunch that controls these teach controls the rest f society .culture authority s most

unequivocally showed when those ruled by prevailing gather come to accept that the financial

and social conditions of their society are common and inescapable ,instead of made by

individuals with a vested intrigued in specific,social ,financial ,and political orders .Gramsci

created the concept of social authority in an exertion to clarify why the worker _ led revolution

that marx anticipated within the past century had not come to pass. Central to Marx's hypothesis

of capitalism was the conviction that the devastation of this financial framework was built into

the framework itself since capitalism is introduced on the abuse of working lesson by the

administering lesson. Marx contemplated that laborers seem as it were take so much financial

abuse sometime recently they would rise up and oust the administering lesson .Be that as it

may ,this insurgency did not happen on mass scale

 16

Chapter 4

Discussion and Analysis

Text : we are reached the academic gates and were told that we are third .Tajassur seemed so

tired that cadet sergeant sent us to rest after rifle cleaning the fraud .he passed out 20 in course

and I bet it , it was all because of all his wonderful oral expression in English and wit he read

his lesson half an hour before the model discussion and co- gent arguments .he was liked but our

immature platoon_ mates and they thought he was a good sort. Post colonialism apply on the

text . We are under the control of Europeans and greatly impressed by their language English .so

it can be seen after their departure from sub continent .

Hegemony: Hegemony term social authority determine from the old Greek word

hegemonia ,which demonstrate the administration and the regime of the hegemon. In political

science ,authority is the geopolitical dominance worked out by realm by the risk of Mediation ,an

inferred implies of control, instead of by danger of coordinate rule - military attack,

occupation ,and regional addition .reasoning and in humanism ,the significations

Gramsci investigation of authority hence includes an examination of the ways in which such

capitalist thoughts are spread and acknowledged as commonsensical and typical.A hegemonic

course is one that's able to achieve the assent of other social powers ,and the maintenance of this

assent is a progressing venture. To secure this assent requires a bunch to get it it's claim interface

in connection to the mode of generation ,as well as the inspiration, yearnings ,and
 17

interface of other bunches. Beneath capitalism, Gramsci watched the persistent commitment of

the teach of gracious society to the forming of mass cognitions. By means of this concept of the

national popular, he too appeared how authority required the verbalization and conveyance of

prevalent thoughts past limit lesson interface.

One of the foremost broad application of Gramsci’s conception of authority has been to the

investigation of worldwide relations and universal political economy ,by means of the so - called

translational verifiable realism .Researcher inside this convention have been cautious to

recognize their extend from the way authority has been utilized inside standard realist universal

relations ,or IR worldwide relations .In state centered IR examination authority indicates the

presence inside the universal framework of overwhelming state or group of states. Within

department of realist examination known as hegemonic steadiness theory, the nearness of

hegemon (Britain within the 19 century and the joined together states after 1945) creates patterns

of steadiness inside the worldwide framework. The hegemon includes a self-interest within the

conservation of framework and is, hence arranged to endorse the systems security with its

military might

The transnational authentic realist school sees states as critical components of hegemonic orders

but partners authority with the financial, political and social structures that encourage specific

designs of generation inside the world economy.

These world orders work through the proliferation of rules and standards, numerous of which are

given authenticity through universal organization and educate and of which the foremost vital

tend to oversee the conduct of financial and exchange relations.

 18

Worldwide educate or hence seen as either conduits for the legitimation of specific

administrations of capitalist collection or gadgets to retain possibility counter - hegemonic

thoughts and social strengths. In this way, for occurrence, the hegemonic arrange of the 19

century was guaranteed by teach such as gold standard and standards such as free exchange, a

well by British military control and worldwide reach of the British imperium.

Text: Pakistan was not created to be a slave colony Bengal was treated as colony by the cusp

officers. The army officers made fun of our men and beat them. Hegemony apply on the text.

after making colonies ruled the eastern people where they settled. After it they tortured their

eastern workers and considered them slaves.

Mimicry: progressively vital term in post - colonial hypothesis, since it has come to portray
the irresolute relationship between colonizer and colonized. when colonial talk empower the

colonized subject to' mimic ‘the colonizer, by embracing the colonizer's social propensities,

suspicions, teach and values, the result is never a basic propagation of those characteristics. The

result may be a blurred copy of the colonizer that can be very debilitating.

Typically, mimicry is never exceptionally distant from joke, since it can show up to spoof

anything it mirrors. mime mimicry finds a split within the certainty of colonial dominance an

instability in its control of the conduct of the colonized. Mimicry has frequently been an

unmistakable objective of royal policy. For occurrence, Ruler Macaulay's 1835 diminutive to

parliament disparaged oriental learning, and supported the generation of English craftsmanship

and learning in India.

The term mimicry has been vital role in Homie Bhabha’s see of the indecision of colonial talk.

For him, the result of recommendations like Macaulay's is that mimicry is the method by which
 19

the colonized subject is replicated as' almost the same but not quite ' .The replicating of the

colonizing culture ,conduct ,conduct and values by the colonized contains both joke and a certain

' menace ' , so that mimicry is at once likeness and menace .mimicry reveals the impediment

within the specialist of colonial talk ,nearly as in spite of the fact that colonial specialist

definitely encapsulates the seeds of the possess destruction. The line of plummet of the ' mimic

man' that rises in Macaulay's composing claims Bhabha, can be followed through the works of

Kipling, Forster, Orwell and Naipaul, and s the impact of ' an imperfect colonial mimesis in

which to be Anglicized is decidedly not to be English. The results of this for post - colonial

considers are very significant.

Mimicry is regularly seen as something despicable, and dark or brown individual locks in

mimicry is as a rule disparaged by other individual of his or her gather for doing so. There are

very a number of colloquial insuperable that allude to mimicry, such as coconut - to depict a

brown individual who carries on like he is white or "Oreo “, which is the same but as rule

connected to dark individual. Connected in turn around, term that's now and then utilized is

wigger. Though mimicry could be exceptionally vital concept in considering approximately the

relationship between colonizing and colonized people groups, and numerous individuals have

verifiably been criticized as imitates or mimicry men, it is curiously that nearly no one ever

depicts themselves as emphatically locked in mimicry, it is continuously something that

somebody else is doing.

There is another, much more clear way in which mimicry can really be subversive or engaging

when it includes the replicating of ' western' concepts of equity, flexibility flexibility, and the run

the show of law .one sees an illustration of this in foresters’ entry to India, with a generally

minor character named Mr. Amritrao, legal counselor from Calcutta, whom the British Anglo
 20

Indians fear. They fear him not since he is out of line in fact, what is debilitating around him is

accurately the reality that he has learned sufficient of the standards of British law to realize that

those standards ought to, in all decency apply to Indians as much as to British. As a foreign

educated, Engle English talking Indian attorney in colonial India, he can be derided as mimic

man' or a babu, but it may be that mockery covers over a cautious fear that the British lawful

framework is not very as reasonable.

The illustration of Amritrao on forester’s novel might lead to broader political dialog numerous

anti- colonial patriot developments on Asia and Africa developed out of what may well be

thought of as mimicry of western political thoughts. The student of history Partha Chatterjee

contended that Indian patriotism developed as subsidiary discourse a duplicate of western

patriotism adjusted to the Indian setting. The subsidiary thoughts of equity, popular, govern

government, and equality, as they were utilized by activists, tended to induce adjusted to nearby

culture. The individual who did this best was Mohandas k. Ghandi. Ghani took symbols of

Indian monkish life and straight forwardness alongside dynamic western concepts of

communism and utilized that unused combination of thoughts to mobilize the masses of standard

indians, most of whom had small coordinate contact with British. Through Gandhi, Indian

patriotism, which may have begun as derivative.

I'm spite of the fact mimicry is nearly Continuously utilized in postcolonial ponders with

reference to colonials and worker minorities copying white social and etymological standards.

Text: There was no hurry no protocol and no fiction. They had soft, cute childlike smiles. They

spoke a bit of Urdu and Amina knew a little English too. Mimicry apply on text: we try to copy
 21

the Britishers, their culture and language also. This act is clearly seemed in above language that

Amina speaks English.

Identity crisis: a period of uncertainty or confusion in which person sense of identity

become insecure typically due to change in their expected aims.

Indian personality and colonialism sociohistorical perspective it has a rule been the privilege of

social researcher and history specialists to study the cascading impact of social alter in Asian

nations and cultures such as India and Japan, counting the energetic intuitive of

traditional ,westernizing and modernizing impacts .In spite of the fact that this wider perspective

on the elements of social alter fundamental our understanding might require a complementary

examination in depth of individual caught within the whirling vortexes of alter .it is the issue of

evolving psychoanalytic brain research of social alter pertinent to the Indian and Japanese

encounter that I address these another five chapters .

Government and colonialism are not as it were related to troops and attacking lands but they are

related to the social and social affect that colonizer made on the colonized community. This

effect can be seen indeed after the flight of attacking troops. This affect is not as it were money

related and military but it covers the social angles of the lives of colonized country. After the

takeoff of the colonizer, he take off his convictions way to life, social way, morals dialect and

political speculation that attack each person portion of the character of colonized country.

One of the most variable that are related to post-colonial affect is hybridity. I hybridity speaks to

colonial affect that comes about in separating and dividing the colonized character, culture and

philosophy. This affect makes an interesting blend between two societies to be specific, eastern
 22

and western societies. hybridity speaks to western colonial culture that distorted the national

personality and culture of colonized lands

Homi Bhabha essential adjustment of term was his explanation " sign taken for wonders " in

which he depict hybridity as suppressive gadget through which colonized individual can

challenge the abuse of colonizer .it is worth specifying that hybridity incorporates a definition

that portrays the individual of colonized lands who have a double personality it can be

characterized as western eastern social clash that came out of long time of colonialism and

developed with in post-colonial period.

Text: And we sat in jeep and went away. Nothing mattered here Taj Assur and his mother were

no longer alive to accuse me. Bangladesh was free and Pakistan army was surrender.

Apply on text: British left Pakistan and Bangladesh in identity crisis by dividing them into

different states.

Text: I admire the courage of John Nicolson and Sir Hugh rose in 1857, he said yes, sir the

battle account is inspiring said major dost Muhammad the second in command.

Sir the viewing too are brave said major Azhar Khan one of company commander " yes, yes that

is wonderful " replied to c.o.

Apply on text. Muslims Hindus and British worked together in any field but Muslims were

considered inferior and British were superior because they proved themselves more civilized.
 23

References

McEwan, C. (2008). Postcolonialism and development. Routledge.

McLeod, J. (2020). Beginning postcolonialism. In Beginning postcolonialism (second edition).

Manchester University Press.

Young, R. J. (2016). Postcolonialism: An historical introduction. John Wiley & Sons.

Hiddleston, J. (2014). Understanding postcolonialism. Routledge.

Batool, S., Ajmal, M., & Masum, R. (2021). AN INVESTIGATION OF NARRATIVE

DISCOURSE OF TARIQ REHMAN’S SHORT STORY BINGO. Jahan-e-Tarqeq, 4(3), 440-

448.

Rao, R. (2013). Postcolonialism.

Masood, R. (2019). "What is Postcolonial Studies?" Retrieved from

https://postcolonial.net/2019/04/what-is-postcolonial-studies/

Rukundwa, L. S., & Van Aarde, A. G. (2007). The formation of postcolonial theory. HTS

Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 63(3), 1171-1194.

 24

Barker, F., Hulme, P., & Iverson, M. (Eds.). (1996). Colonial discourse/postcolonial theory.

Manchester University Press.

Carey, D., & Festa, L. (Eds.). (2009). The postcolonial enlightenment: Eighteenth-century

colonialism and postcolonial theory. OUP Oxford.

Sawant, S. B. (2012, January). Postcolonial theory: Meaning and significance. In Proceedings of

national seminar on postmodern literary theory and literature (pp. 120-126).