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C++- Lecture 01 – C# Overview + Basic Syntax

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- C# Overview - Math
- Syntax - Booleans
- Output - Conditions
- Comments - Switch
- User Input - While Loop
- Data Types - For Loop
- Strings - Break / Continue
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Programming Language
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The main difference between machine

code and assembly language is that
the machine code is a language
consisting of binaries that can be
directly executed by a computer while
an assembly language is a low-level
programming language that requires
a software called an assembler to
convert it into machine code.

ASCII code 01000001 represents the letter "A"

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The main difference between machine

code and assembly language is that
the machine code is a language
consisting of binaries that can be
directly executed by a computer while
an assembly language is a low-level
programming language that requires
a software called an assembler to
convert it into machine code.
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C Overview

What is C ?
C was developed by Dennis Ritchie between the year 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs.
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C++ Overview

What is C++?
C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance applications.
C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979, as an extension to the C Language .
C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory.
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C Vs C++

Similarities in C and C++

•Both have a similar syntax.
•Their compilation is similar.
•Both languages follow the same concept of a stack, heap, and static variable.

Features of C Features of C++

•Procedural •Object-Oriented
•Structured or Modular Programming language •General-Purpose Programming Language, supports features such as
(function driven language) Polymorphism, Inheritance, and Encapsulation
•Mid-level programming language •High-level programming language
•scanf , printf [ input / Output syntax ] •cout , cin [ input / Output syntax ]
•C does not support inheritance. •GUI and Interface
•32 Keywords •63 Keywords
•Errors and compile
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https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compile_cpp_online.php
C++ Editor
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C# Editor https://www.w3schools.com/cs/showjava.asp?filename=demo_strings_inter
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https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/
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Visual Studio
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Visual C#

C++ Visual C# . Net

Bjarne Stroustrup
C C# is used for:
•Mobile applications
Dennis Ritchie •Desktop applications
•Web applications
•Web services
•Web sites
•Games
•VR
•Database applications
 C#

SAP EXPERTS CENTER Console.WriteLine("Enter username:");

string userName = Console.ReadLine();

Console.WriteLine("Username is: " + userName);

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Syntax
C++
string userName;
cout << "Type a number: ";
cin >> userName;
cout << "Your number is: " << userName;
C
string userName;
printf("Type a number: \n");
scanf("%s", userName);
printf("Your number is: %s", userName);
 using System;
namespace HelloWorld C#
{

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{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
}
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Syntax }

C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello World!";
C
return 0;
#include <stdio.h> }

int main() {
printf("Hello World!");
return 0;
}
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Comments
Single Comment
// This is a comment
cout << "Hello World!";
cout << "Hello World!"; // This is a comment

Multiple Comment
/* The code below will print the words Hello World!
to the screen, and it is amazing */
cout << "Hello World!";
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Variables
•int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123
•double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
•char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are surrounded by single quotes
•string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are surrounded by double quotes
•bool - stores values with two states: true or false

Examples
int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number without decimals)
double myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number (with decimals)
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
string myText = "Hello"; // String (text)
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean (true or false)
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Constants
Variables const int minutesPerHour = 60;
Declaration const float PI = 3.14;
// Good identifiers

int minutesPerHour = 60;

// OK, but not so easy to understand what m actually is
int m = 60;

The general rules for naming variables are:

•Names can contain letters, digits and underscores
•Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_)
•Names are case sensitive (myVar and myvar are different variables)
•Names cannot contain whitespaces or special characters like !, #, %, etc.
•Reserved words (like C++ keywords, such as int) cannot be used as names
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User Input

int x;
cout << "Type a number: "; // Type a number and press enter
cin >> x; // Get user input from the keyboard
cout << "Your number is: " << x; // Display the input value

cout is pronounced "see-out". Used for output, and uses the insertion operator (<<)
cin is pronounced "see-in". Used for input, and uses the extraction operator (>>)
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Data Types
int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number)
float myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number
double myDoubleNum = 9.98; // Floating point number
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean
string myText = "Hello"; // String
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Operators

Arithmetic operators Assignment operators

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Operators
Comparison operators

Logical operators
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Strings

// Include the string library

#include <string>

// Create a string variable

string greeting = "Hello";
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Math
// Include the cmath library
#include <cmath>

cout << sqrt(64);

cout << round(2.6);
cout << log(2);
cout << max(5, 10);
cout << min(5, 10);
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Booleans

bool isCodingFun = true;

bool isFishTasty = false; •YES / NO
cout << isCodingFun; // Outputs 1 (true) •ON / OFF
cout << isFishTasty; // Outputs 0 (false) •TRUE / FALSE
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Conditions
int x = 20;
int y = 18;
if (x > y) {
cout << "x is greater than y";
}
int time = 20;
if (time < 18) {
cout << "Good day.";
int time = 22;
} else {
if (time < 10) {
cout << "Good evening.";
cout << "Good morning.";
}
} else if (time < 20) {
// Outputs "Good evening."
cout << "Good day.";
} else {
cout << "Good evening.";
}
// Outputs "Good evening."
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Switch switch (day) {
case 1:
cout << "Monday";
break;
case 2:
cout << "Tuesday";
break;
case 3:
cout << "Wednesday";
break;
case 7:
cout << "Sunday";
break;
}
// Outputs "Thursday" (day 4)
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While Loop

int i = 0; int i = 0;
while (i < 5) { do {
cout << i << "\n"; cout << i << "\n";
i++; i++;
} }
while (i < 5);
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For Loop

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << i << "\n";
}
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Break/Continue

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 4) { if (i == 4) {
break; continue;
} }
cout << i << "\n"; cout << i << "\n";
} }