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Title of the Paper in Title Case

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation

Course Code and Name

Professor’s Name

Due Date
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Mechanism of Action Comirnaty Covid 19 (Bnt16b2

Comirnaty is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside modified mRNA (Moderna)

that is delivered into host cells. The lipid nanoparticle formulation makes RNA transport into

human cells easier. When the mRNA reaches these cells, it is translated by host machinery into a

modified SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein antigen, which is then recognized by the host immune

system. Comirnaty has been demonstrated to induce both neutralizing antibody and cellular

immunological responses to the S protein, which aids in the prevention of recurrent SARS-CoV-

2 infection. When a person gets this vaccine, their body makes copies of the spike protein, which

doesn't cause sickness but trains the immune system to respond defensively, resulting in an

immunological response against SARS-CoV-2. Comirnaty nucleoside-modified mRNA is

packaged in lipid particles, allowing it to be delivered into host cells and express the SARS-

CoV-2 S antigen. The vaccination stimulates an immune response against COVID-19 by

eliciting an immune response to the S antigen.

Risk of Pericarditis or Myocarditis with mRNA COVID 19 Vaccine

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, while pericarditis is an inflammation

of the heart's lining. In both circumstances, the immune system is responding to an infection or

another stimulus by inducing inflammation. Chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations are

all possible symptoms. Myocarditis and pericarditis instances might range in severity. Most

people who sought medical help after receiving mRNA COVID-19 immunization responded

favorably to drugs and rest. Increased incidences of myocarditis and pericarditis have been

recorded in the United States from April 2021, mainly in adolescents and young adults,

following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna).

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After receiving the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine, no comparable reporting trend has been

found (Johnson & Johnson). Patients who sought medical help often responded well to drugs and

rest, and their symptoms improved quickly. Male teenagers and young adults aged 16 and up

have been the most commonly reported instances. The symptoms appeared several days after

receiving the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, and cases were more common after the second dosage

than the first. These cases of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19

vaccination are being investigated by the CDC and its partners.

Why more than one dose of the vaccine is needed

The Pfizer vaccine requires two or multiple doses for a number of reasons. This vaccine

uses mRNA technology because the cells in the body use mRNA every time to create many

kinds of proteins that a person requires to stay healthy. Thus, the mRNA in the two doses

provides the cells with instructions on making the spike protein which is specific to the new

coronavirus. This spike protein is located on the surface of the virus and uses the spike protein to

attach itself to the host cell in the body.

Advice to Mr. Jones after taking the vaccine

The first thing he must do is stay back for monitoring. The health practitioners must

observe him for about 15 minutes immediately after the vaccine is given to ensure that he has no

immediate reactions. Additionally, John should be ready to experience different side effects.

Vaccines are meant to give a person immunity without experiencing the dangers of the disease.

Even though it is normal to develop immunity without having side effects, many people will

experience side effects. The next thing he should do is to keep himself safe because he can still

spread the virus to others although prior research is still ongoing regarding this. Lastly, he should

practice safety precautions regarding this disease.

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References