FLORES CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

Rm 404-404A CDC Bldg. 2 Colon corner D. Jakosalem Sts., Parian, Cebu City
Cell. No. 0920-891-1395 / Email : fcherc_cebu@yahoo.com
CHE REVIEW REVIEW WEEKLY EXAM 8
Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Evaporation
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INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for
each item by marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 2 only.

1. Calculate work at 1 bar for the phase transition between two crystalline forms, s-I and s-II, of Li2SO4
Li2SO4(s-II) Li2SO4(s-I) which takes place at 859K. The enthalpy change is 27.2 kJ for this reaction.
The densities of Li2SO4(s-II) and Li2SO4(s-I) are 2.221E3 and 2.07E3 kg/m³, respectively.
A. 0.98 J B. -0.36 J * C. 8.92 J D. -12.5 J
2. From #1, calculate ∆U.
A. 27.2 kJ* B. 21.8 kJ C. 17.7 kJ C. 8.99 kJ
3. Calculate ∆U for the adiabatic and reversible compression of 1.0 mol of a monoatomic gas from 0.10 m³
and 25ºC to 0.01 m³.
A. 4.2 kJ B. 8.91 kJ C. 13.6kJ* D. 18.5 kJ
4. Calculate ∆H for the adiabatic and reversible compression of 1.0 mol of a monoatomic gas from 0.10 m³
and 25ºC to 0.01 m³.
A. 4.22 kJ B. 11.5 kJ C. 18.1 kJ D. 22.6 kJ*
5. Calculate ∆U for the isobaric adiabatic expansion of 1.0 mol of a monoatomic gas from 1.0 dm³ and
25ºC to 10.0 dm³ against an external pressure of 1 bar.
A. -0.90 kJ* B. -4.55 kJ C. -11.2 kJ D. -18.5 kJ
6. Calculate ∆H for the isobaric adiabatic expansion of 1.0 mol of a monoatomic gas from 1.0 dm³ and
25ºC to 10.0 dm³ against an external pressure of 1 bar.
A. -1.50 kJ* B. -7.88 kJ C. -14.2 kJ D. -18.8 kJ
7. Consider the reversible isothermal expansion of 1.0 mol of an ideal gas from 0.01 m³ to 0.10 m³ at 298K.
Calculate ∆S(system) for this process.
A. 24.33 J/K B. 19.14 J/K* C. 14.22 J/K D. 8.93 J/K
8. Calculate ∆S(system) for the reversible heating of 1.0 mol of ethane from 298K to 1500K at constant
pressure. Assume Cp=5.351+177.669E-3 T – 687.01E-7 T² + 8.514E-9 T³ in J/mol-K.
A. 98.11 J/K B. 112.88 J/K C. 123.77 J/K D. 157.47 J/K*
9. What is the entropy change for 1.0 mol of H2(g) that has undergone a reversible expansion from 0.01
m³ at 100K to 0.10 m³ at 600K? For hydrogen, Cp=29.066-0.836E-3T+20.17E-7T² in J/mol-K.
A. 56.26 J/K* B. 42.12 J/K C. 38.55 J/K D. 31.87 J/K
10. Calculate ∆S(system) for the isothermal expansion of 1.0 mol of solid aluminum from 100 bar to 1 bar
given α=2.21E-3/K and density of 2.702E3 kg/m³.
A. 1.12E-2 J/K B. 9.88E-2 J/K C. 2.18E-3J/K* D. 6.55E-4 J/K
11. Helium is compressed isothermally from 14.7 psia and 68ºF. The compression ratio is 4. Calculate the
work done by the gas.
A. -1454 BTU/lbm B. -364 BTU/lbm * C. -187 BTU/lbm D. -46.7 BTU/lbm
12. Five moles of water vapor at 100 C and 1atm pressure are compressed isobarically to form liquid at 100
C. The process is reversible and the ideal gas laws apply. Compute the initial volume of the vapor.
A. 123 L B. 133 L C. 143 L D. 153 L *
13. Five moles of water vapor at 100 C and 1atm pressure are compressed isobarically to form liquid at 100
C. The process is reversible and the ideal gas laws apply. Compute the work done on the system.
A. 10.5 MJ B. 15 kJ C. 6 MJ D. 6 kJ *
14. Five moles of water vapor at 100 C and 1atm pressure are compressed isobarically to form liquid at 100
C. The process is reversible and the ideal gas laws apply. Determine the heat of condensation for the
amount of water given.
A. -203.3 MJ * B. -40.66 MJ C. 203.3 kJ D. 203.3 MJ
15. Over the range 298-848K, the heat capacity of quartz (SiO2) at atmospheric pressure is approximated
as Cp = 40.50+0.0446T-832000/T² where T is in kelvins and Cp is in J/mol-K. If 1000 kg of quartz is
heated from 300 to 700K at atmospheric pressure, how much heat is required?
A. 392.3 MJ * B. 240.1 MJ C. 125.1 MJ D. 87.55 MJ
16. In an isentropic compression, P1=100 psia, P2=200psia, V1=10 in³ and ɤ=1.4. Find V2.
A. 3.5 in³ B. 4.5 in³ C. 5 in³ D. 6.1 in³ *
17. In an isentropic process, P1=200 psia, P2=300 psia, and T1=700ºR. Find T2, using ɤ=1.4.
A. 576ºR B. 590ºR C. 680ºR D. 786ºR *
18. Air undergoes an isentropic compression from 14.7 psia to 180.6 psia. If the initial temperature is 68ºF
and the final temperature is 621.5ºF, calculate the work done by the gas.
A. -138.2 BTU/lbm B. -94.8 BTU/lbm * C. 0 D. 138.2 BTU/lbm

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19. Calculate the absolute entropy of solid NH3 at its melting point at 1 atm pressure, in Btu/lb-R. Boiling
point = -33.4C; melting point = -77.7C; Cp(liq) = 1.06 cal/g-K; Cp(solid) = 0.502 cal/g-K; λvap = 5581
cal/gmol; λf=1352 cal/gmol; absolute entropy of gas at 25C = 46.03 cal/gmol-K.
A. 0.6066* B. 0.8244
C. 1.2288 D. 2.0655
20. From the data in the above problem; calculate the change in entropy when 1 lb of NH3 is cooled from
400F to -175F at a constant pressure of 1 atm. Express results as Btu/lb-R.
A. -2.463* B. -1.655
C. 1.859 D. 2.812
21. An ideal Carnot engine takes heat from a source at 317˚C, does some external work, and delivers the
remaining energy to a heat sink at 117˚C. If 500 kcal of heat is taken from the source, how much work is
done?
A. 710 kJ B. 742 kJ C. 730 kJ D. 169 kJ *
22. The maximum thermal efficiency that can be obtained in an ideal reversible heat engine operating
between 1540˚F and 340 ˚F is closest to
A. 22% B. 78% C. 40% D. 60% *
23. To have an efficiency of 40 percent, a heat engine that exhausts heat at 350°K must absorb heat at no
less than
A. 210 K B. 875 K * C.583 K D. 1038 K
24. If a Carnot engine absorbs 10 kJ of heat per cycle when it operates between 500 and 400 K, the work
it does per cycle is
A. 2 kJ * B. 8 kJ C. 2.5kJ D. 10 kJ
25. A Carnot engine requires 35 kJ/s from the hot source. The engine produces 15 kW of power and the
temperature of the sinks is 26˚C. What is the temperature of the hot source in ˚C?
A. 245.57 B. 210.10 C. 250.18 * D. 260.68
26. What is the thermal efficiency of an air-standard Otto cycle operating with a lowest temperature of 200˚F,
a highest temperature of 960˚F, and a compression ratio of 8:1?
A. 42% B. 57% * C. 64% D. 76%
27. The efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle is 40%. What is the hot-air value of k, if the compression ratio is 6.2.
A. 1.28 * B. 1.38 C. 1.25 D. 1.35
28. A freezer is to be maintained at a temperature of –40°F on a summer day when the ambient temperature
is 80°F. In order to maintain the freezer box at -40°F it is necessary to remove heat from it at the rate of
70BTU/min. What is the minimum power that must be supplied to the freezer?
A. 2.5 hp B. 5 hp C. 1.2 hp D. 0.47 hp *
29. An ice-making machine operates cyclically and reversibly in the Carnot cycle between 0°C and 25°C.
Determine the work done to freeze 100 kilos of water at 0ºC into ice at 0ºC.
A. 733.94 kcal * B. 933.54 kcal C. 334.20 kcal D. 987.10 kcal
30. A shell and a tube brine color cools 150 gallons of brine per minute from 160F to 120F using NH3 at 50F.
The effective outside area of the tubes is 310ft2. The brine has a specific gravity of 1.2 and a specific
heat of 0.70. The rating of the of the cooler in tons of refrigeration is
A. 10 B. 21* C. 30 D. 42
31. How many tons of refrigeration(TOR) are required to produce 10 metric tons of ice per day at -10˚C
from raw water at 22˚C if miscellaneous losses are 15% of the chilling and freezing load?
A. 17 TOR * B. 20 TOR C. 15 TOR D. 24 TOR
32. A 95 tons refrigeration system has a compressor power of 90 Hp. Find the coefficient of performance,
COP.
A. 3.85 B. 2.77 * C. 4.77 D. 1.99
33. The power requirement of a Carnot refrigerator in maintaining a low temperature region at 300 ˚K is 1.5
kW per ton. Find the heat rejected.
A. 4.02 kW B. 7.02 kW C. 5.02 kW * D. 6.02 kW
34. Determine the length needed for a simple concentric-tube, parallel flow heat exchanger to transfer
heat from hot water to cold water at a rate of 900 W. The heat exchanger consists of two Type K
copper (k=386 W/m-degC) tubes. The smaller tube has an inside diameter of 49.8 mm and an outside
diameter of 54.0 mm. Assume that both film coefficients are equal to 100 W/sq.m.-degC. The hot water
enters at 90 degC and leaves at 50 degC, and the cold water enters at 10 degC and leaves at 40 degC.
A. 185.5 m B. 11.02 m C. 5.51 m * D. 4.14 m
35. A liquid to liquid counterflow heat exchanger is used to heat a cold fluid from 120°F to 310°F.
Assuming that the hot fluid enters at 500°F and leaves at 400°F, calculate the log mean temperature
difference for the heat exchanger.
A. 132°F B. 332°F C. 232°F * D. 432°F
36. Cold air at 10°C is forced to flow over a flat plate maintained at 40°C. The mean heat transfer
coefficient is 30 W/m²-K. Find the heat flow rate from the plate to the air through a plate area of 2 m².
Assume radiation is negligible.
A. 1.8 kW * B. 2.0 kW C. 2.2 kW D. 2.4 kW
37. A steel pipe (150 mm i.d. and 168 mm o.d.) is carrying steam at 444 K and is lagged with 50 mm of
85% magnesia. What is the heat loss to air at 294 K in kW/m of pipe? Assume that the inside wall
temperature is at 444ºK.
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 A. 1.58 * B. 13.57 C. 0.05 D. 23.90
38. The temperature of oil leaving a co-current flow cooler is to be reduced from 370 to 350 K by
lengthening the cooler. The oil and water flowrates, the inlet temperatures and the other dimensions of
the cooler will remain constant. The water enters at 285 K and oil at 420 K. The water leaves the
original cooler at 310 K. If the original length is 1 m, what must be the new length?
A. 1.25 m B. 1.86 m * C. 2.2 m D. 2.7 m
39. What thickness of the wood has the same insulating ability as 10 cm brick of thermal conductivity
equal to 0.8 W/m-K and 0.1 W/m-K for the wood?
A. 1.25 cm * B. 1.00 cm C. 2.10 cm D. 2.54 cm
40. Determine the rate of conduction through a copper rod 2 mm in diameter and 150 mm long. The
temperature is 300ºC at one end and 20ºC at the other end. The average thermal conductivity is
1.36E6 J/s-m-K. Assume heat is added or removed only at the ends.
A. 7980 W * B. 9452 W C. 10214 W D. 12432 W
41. For a furnace constructed with 0.7 ft thick of fireclay brick having k=0.6 Btu/hr-ft-˚F and covered on the
outer surface with a layer of insulating material having k = 0.04 Btu/hr-ft-˚F. The innermost surface is
maintained at 1800 ˚F while the outer surface of insulating material is maintained at 100˚F. How thick
must the insulator be to maintain a maximum allowable heat transfer rate of 300 Btu/hr-ft2.
A. 0.30 ft B. 0.18 ft * C. 0.10 ft D. 0.40 ft
42. A furnace is constructed with 0.20 m of firebrick ( 1.4 W/mK), 0.10 m of insulating brick (k=0.21 W/mK),
and 0.20 m of building brick (k=0.7 W/mK). The inside temperature is 1200 K and the outside
temperature 330 K.Find the heat loss per unit area in W/sq.m..
A. 700 B. 750 C. 850 D. 960 *
43. A furnace is constructed with 0.20 m of firebrick ( 1.4 W/mK), 0.10 m of insulating brick (k=0.21 W/mK),
and 0.20 m of building brick (k=0.7 W/mK). The inside temperature is 1200 K and the outside
temperature 330 K. Calculate the temperature at the junction of the firebrick and the insulating brick.
A. 800 K B. 1080 K C. 1063 K * D. 985 K
44. A furnace wall consists of an inner layer of refractory brick 30 cm thick and an outer layer of insulating
brick 20 cm thick. The fire side of the refractory brick is at 1000°C while the outside wall of the insulating
brick is at 80°C. The thermal conductivities of the refractory brick and the insulating brick are 1.52
W/m°C and 0.14 W/m°C respectively. The temperature at the junction of the two bricks is
A. 342°C B. 948°C C. 888°C * D. 550°C
45. A furnace wall is constructed of firebrick, 6 in. thick. The temperature of the inside of the wall is 1300ºF,
and the temperature of the outside of the wall is 175ºF. If the mean thermal conductivity of the brick
under this conditions is 0.17 Btu/hrºFft, what is the rate of heat loss through 10 sq. ft of wall surface?
A. 1200 Btu/hr B. 1940 Btu/hr C. 2400 Btu/hr D. 3825 BTU/hr *
46. Find the heat loss per square meter of surface through a brick wall 0.5 m thick when the inner surface
is at 400 K and the outside is at 300 K. The thermal conductivity of the brick may be taken as 0.7 W/mK.
A. 140 W/sq.m. * B. 145 W/sq.m. C. 150 W/sq.m. D. 155 W/sq.m.
47. Obtain by dimensional analysis a functional relationship for the wall heat transfer coefficient for a fluid
flowing through a straight pipe of circular cross-section. Assume that the effects of natural convection
may be neglected in comparison with those of forced convection. It is found by experiment that, when
the flow is turbulent, increasing the flowrateby a factor of 2 always results in a 50% increase in the
coefficient. How would a 50% increase in density of the fluid be expected to affect the coefficient, all
other variables remaining constant?
A. coefficient is increased by 27% * C. coefficient is decreased by 27%
B. coefficient in increased by 75% D. coefficient is decreased by 75%
48. A theoretical body where the absorptivity and emissivity are independent of the wavelength over the
spectral region of the irradiation and the surface emission is called
A. black body B. gray body * C. opaque body D. transparent body
49. The amount of radiation emitted in all directions and over all wavelengths by a perfect emitter is
proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the emitter. This is the statement of
A. Stefan-Boltzman law * B. Kirchoff’s law C. Wien’s law D. Planck’s law
50. An ideal surface that absorbs all incident radiation regardless of wavelength and direction and is also
considered as a perfect emitter is referred to as a
A. gray body B. black body * C. pin hole D. black hole
51. A quartz radiant heater has two cylindrical tubes 40 cm long and 1 cm radius. The heater is designed to
produce 1300 watts of radiant power. What would be the temperature of the tubes if the emissivity of
the tubes is 0.60.
A. 570 K B. 934 K * C. 980 K D. 1068 K
52. A small hole in the wall of a cavity in an object of any kind behaves like a blackbody because any
radiation that falls on it is trapped inside by reflections from the cavity wall until it is absorbed. At what
rate does radiation escape from a hole of area 20 cm² in the wall surface whose interior temperature is
800°C?
A. 150 W * B. 142 W C. 135 W D. 146 W
53. Two very large walls are at the constant temperatures of 800°F and 1000°F. If the two walls have
emissivities of 0.6 and 0.8, respectively, what is the net exchange of heat in Btu/hr-ft².
A. 1825 * B. 4400 C. 7745 D. 9980
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{54-56} A double effect evaporator concentrates 20% sugar solution to 70% by weight. If the amount of
water removed in the second effect is twice that from the first effect;
54. Calculate the kilogram feed obtained per 100 kg product.
A. 167 B. 83 C. 350 * D. none of these
55. Calculate the kilogram of water evaporated from second effect.
A. 167 * B. 83 C. 350 D. none of these
56. Calculate the composition of sugar solution leaving the first effect.
A. 21.24% B. 22.89% C. 25.15% D. 26.25% *
57. A solution of organic colloids is to be concentrated from 20 to 65% wt-% solids in a single effect
evaporator. Saturated steam is available at 172 kPa and the pressure in the condenser is 61.67
cmHgvacuum. The feed enters at 15°C and its specific heat is 4.0 J/g-C. The solution has negligible
elevation in boiling point. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 1800 W/m²-°C and the evaporator must
evaporate 9000 kg/hr of water. Given these conditions, the steam consumption in kg/hr is
A. 5000 B. 3600 C. 10500 * D. 16400
58. Referring to problem 57, the estimated heating surface area required in square meters is
A. 35 B. 65 * C. 85 D. 120
59. Referring to problem 57, the economy of evaporation is
A. 0.71 B. 0.86 * C. 0.67 D. 0.91
{60-63} A solution is to be concentrated from 10 to 65% solids in a vertical long-tube evaporator. The
solution has a negligible elevation of boiling point and its specific heat can be taken to be the same as
that of water. Steam is available at 203.6 kPa, and the condenser operates at 13.33 kPa. The feed
enters the evaporator at 295ºK. The total evaporation is to be 25000 kg/hr of water. Overall heat
transfer coefficient is 2800 W/m²-K.
60. Calculate the heat transfer required in kW.
A. 19800 B. 17523 * C. 24582 D. 30900
61. Calculate the steam consumption in kilogram per hour.
A. 28700 * B. 35400 C. 40100 D. 43600
62. Calculate the heating transfer area required in square meters.
A. 24.2 B. 34.8 C. 70.8 D. 90.7 *
63. Calculate the steam economy.
A. 0.45 B. 0.67 C. 0.87 * D. 0.98
{64-65} Water vapor leaving a single effect evaporator is to be condensed using water at 70ºF. The
evaporator produces 24000 lb/hr of vapor from a solution having a negligible BPE. The condenser has
an area of 665.4 ft². Experience has shown that 480000 lb/hr of cooling water can be used and that the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 500 Btu/hr-ft²-ºF.
64. Find the condensing temperature in the evaporator.
A. 190ºF B. 180ºF C. 170ºF * D. 160ºF
65. Find the pressure in the evaporator.
A. 5.95 psi * B. 8.92 psi C. 11.5 psi D. 15.2 psi
66. The total amount of evaporation an evaporator is capable of producing per unit of time.
A. economy B. steam consumption C. capacity * D. fouling factors
67. In evaporation, it is a type of feeding where the fresh solution is introduced in the last effect and goes to
the preceding effects until the first effect where its concentration is lowest.
A. forward feeding B. parallel feeding
C. mixed feeding D. backward feeding *
68. It refers to any layer or deposit of extraneous material on a heat-transfer surface.
A. scaling B. salting C. fouling * D. boiling
69. It is frequently caused by crystallization of a material whose solubility at the wall temperature is lower
than at the bulk liquid temperature.
A. scaling * B. salting C. fouling D. boiling
70. The boiling point of a given solution is a linear function of the boiling point of pure water at the same
pressure.
A. Steffi’s rule B. Duhring’s rule*
C. Haviuck rule D. McCabe Thiele rule

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