Boom Supported Elevated Work Platforms

Licensed to/Autorisé à Lois Weeks, Occupational Safety Group, on/le 1/3/2005. Single user license only.
Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited./Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement. Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
B354.4-02
Self-Propelled
Boom-Supported
Elevating Work Platforms
Licensed to/Autorisé à Lois Weeks, Occupational Safety Group, on/le 1/3/2005. Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited./Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement. Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
Update No. 1
B354.4-02
May 2003
Note: General Instructions for CSA Standards are now called Updates. Please contact CSA
Information Products Sales or visit www.csa.ca for information about the CSA Standards
Update Service.
Title: Self-Propelled Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms — originally published

March 2002
The following revisions have been formally approved:
Revised Outside front cover, inside front cover, title page
New None
Deleted None
CSA Standard Z354.4-02 originally consisted of 36 pages (viii preliminary and 28 text), each
dated March 2002. It now consists of the following pages:
March 2002 iii–viii and 1–28
May 2003 Cover, title page, and copyright page
! Update your copy by inserting these revised pages.

! Keep the pages you remove for reference.
(approved May 2003)

Self-Propelled
Boom-Supported
CAN/CSA-B354.4-02
A National Standard of Canada

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under whose auspices this National Standard has been coordinating body of the National Standards system,
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®
Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards Association
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(approved May 2003)
CAN/CSA-B354.4-02
Self-Propelled Boom-Supported
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© Canadian Standards Association — 2002
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without the prior permission of the publisher.
(Copyright page replaced May 2003)
CSA Standards Update Service
B354.4-02
March 2002
Title: Self-Propelled Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms

Pagination: 36 pages (viii preliminary and 28 text), each dated March 2002
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B354.4-02
CANADA
NORMALISATION
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TORONTO ON M9W 1R3
ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DE
BUREAU CENTRAL DE L’INFORMATION
CANADA
ASSOCIATION
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suffisamment
CSA Standard
B354.4-02
®
Published in March 2002 by Canadian Standards Association

A not-for-profit private sector organization
178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3
1-800-463-6727 • 416-747-4044
Visit our Online Store at www.csa.ca

ISBN 1-55324-853-8
Technical Editor: Ron Meyers
Manager, Editorial and Production Services: Karin Jaron
Production Manager: Alison MacIntosh
Administrative Assistant: Cecilia Vega
Document Analysts: Elizabeth Hope/Indira Kumaralagan
Editors: Maria Adragna/Samantha Coyle/Claire Foley/Sandra Hawryn/Ann Martin/
John McConnell
Graphics Coordinator: Cindy Kerkmann
Publishing System Coordinators: Ursula Das/Grace Da Silva/Hematie Hassan/
Seetha Rajagopalan
© Canadian Standards Association — 2002
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever
without the prior permission of the publisher.
© Canadian Standards Association Self-Propelled Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms
Contents
Technical Committee on Elevating Work Platforms vi
Preface viii
1. Scope and Purpose 1

1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Purpose 1
1.3 Application 1
1.4 Equipment not Covered 1
1.5 Terminology 2
1.6 Measurement 2
2. Definitions 2
3. Reference Publications 5
4. Design and Manufacture Criteria 6

4.1 Basic Principles 6
4.2 Rated Work Load 7
4.2.1 Rated Work Load of an Aerial Platform 7
4.2.2 Multiple Rated Work Load 7
4.3 Material Requirements 7
4.4 Proof Test 7
4.5 Structural Safety Factors 7
4.5.1 Ductile Materials 7
4.5.2 Nonductile Materials 7
4.5.3 Structural Safety Factor Formulas 7
4.5.4 Bursting Safety Factors 8
4.5.5 Additional Requirement 8
4.6 Stability 8
4.6.1 General 8
4.6.2 Load Test on Level Surface 9
4.6.3 Slope Tests 9
4.6.4 Dynamic Curb Test 10
4.6.5 Dynamic Depression Test 10
4.6.6 Fall Arrest Overturning Test 10
4.7 Wind Stability 11
4.8 Controls 11
4.8.1 Upper Controls 11
4.8.2 Lower Controls 11
4.8.3 Control Station for Loading/Unloading 11
4.8.4 Emergency Lowering 11
4.8.5 Emergency Stop Device 11
4.8.6 Security 12
4.8.7 Slope Warning 12
4.9 Interlock Requirements 12
4.9.1 Driving 12
4.9.2 Stabilizing Devices 12
4.10 System Protection 12
4.10.1 Unintended Platform Motion 12
March 2002 iii

B354.4-02 © Canadian Standards Association
4.11 Guarding 12
4.12 Warning for Platform Lowering 12
4.13 Platforms 13
4.13.1 Width and Surface 13
4.13.2 Guardrail System 13
4.13.3 Toeboards 13
4.13.4 Access 13
4.13.5 Anchorage(s) for Fall Protection Systems 13
4.13.6 Wire Rope or Chain Safety Factor 14
4.14 Power System 14
4.14.1 Fuel and Exhaust 14
4.14.2 Battery Location 14

4.14.3 Hourmeter 14
4.15 Brakes 14
4.15.1 Holding Brake 14
4.15.2 Dynamic Brakes 14
4.15.3 Combination Brakes 14
4.16 Welding Standards 14
4.17 Electrical System 14
4.18 Quality Control 14
4.19 Instructions and Markings 15
4.19.1 Manufacturer’s Information 15
4.19.2 Design of Markings 15
4.19.3 Platform-Rated Work Loads 15
4.19.4 Visibility 15
4.20 Operating Manuals 16
4.21 Service and Parts Manual 16
4.22 Weather-Resistant Storage 16
4.23 Certification 16
4.24 Modifications 16
5. Inspection and Maintenance 16

5.1 General 16
5.2 Inspection and Maintenance Records 16
5.3 Inspection Classification 16
5.3.1 Daily Inspection 17
5.3.2 Periodic Inspection 17
5.3.3 Annual Inspection 18
5.3.4 Structural Inspection 18
5.4 Maintenance 19
5.4.1 Preventative Maintenance Program 19
5.4.2 Maintenance Safety Precautions 19
6. Safe Operating Practices 19

6.1 General 19
6.2 Workplace Inspection 19
6.3 Prior to Each Operation 20
6.4 During Operation 20
6.4.1 Fall Protection 20
6.4.2 Slope and Grade 20
6.4.3 Deployment of Stability Enhancing Devices 20
6.4.4 Distribution of Load 20
6.4.5 Maintaining Overhead Clearance 20
6.4.6 Hazardous Atmospheres 21
6.4.7 Electrical Hazards 21
iv March 2002
6.4.8 Misuse of Equipment 21

6.4.9 Precaution for Other Moving Equipment 21
6.4.10 Rated Loads 21
6.4.11 Fuelling 21
6.4.12 Battery Charging 21
6.4.13 Improper Platform Stabilization 21
6.4.14 Misuse as a Crane 21
6.4.15 Unusual Operating Support Conditions 21
6.4.16 Travel Speeds 21
6.4.17 Elevated Driving Requirements 21
6.4.18 Interference with Safety Devices 22
6.4.19 Snagged Platform 22

6.4.20 Carrying Materials 22
6.4.21 Adequate Surfaces 22
6.4.22 Misuse as a Jack 22
6.4.23 Leaving the Aerial Platform Unattended 22
7. Operator Training 22
7.1 Training Requirements 22
7.2 Demonstration of Proficiency 23
7.3 Proof of Training 23
7.4 Familiarization Training 23
7.5 Retraining 23
7.6 Trainer/Instructor 23
Appendices
A — Illustrations of Aerial Platforms 24
B — Illustrations of Stability Testing Protocols 25
March 2002 v
Technical Committee on Elevating

Work Platforms
J.J. Wilkinson Ontario Ministry of Labour, Chair

Toronto, Ontario
F.X. Hardy Electrical Safety Authority, Vice-Chair

Mississauga, Ontario
R. Balbaa Hite Engineering Corporation,

V. Bodnar Carpenters District Council of Ontario,

P. Bourque Workplace Health, Safety & Compensation

Commission of New Brunswick,
Moncton, New Brunswick
K. Chan Workers’ Compensation Board of

British Columbia,
Vancouver, British Columbia
M.P. Coleman International Association of Bridge

Organization Iron Workers,
Toronto, Ontario
R.M. Curtin Genie Industries Incorporated,

Redmond, Washington, USA
V. Dequoy Hydro Mobile, Associate

L’Assomption, Québec
L. Desbois Commission de la santé et de la sécurité

du travail du Québec,
Montréal, Québec
M. Duchesneau Plafolift André Picard Inc.,

Warwick, Québec
D.W. Eckstine Grove Worldwide,

Shady Grove, Pennsylvania, USA
C.D. Elliott Toronto, Ontario
S.I. Forgas JLG Industries Inc.,

McConnellsburg, Indiana, USA
vi March 2002
J. Gordon Klimer Platforms Inc., Associate

Hornby, Ontario
G. Haessler Skyjack Inc.,

Guelph, Ontario
G. Hildebrand Manitoba Department of Labour,

Winnipeg, Manitoba
B. Hill I.B.E.W. Construction Council of Ontario,

Toronto, Ontario
G. Isaac Conam Quantum Inspection and Testing,

Burlington, Ontario
C. Jeans British Columbia Hydro,

Surrey, British Columbia
C. L’Heureux Les Produits Fraco Ltée, Associate

St-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, Québec
G. MacLeod Skyrider Equipment,

A. Marchant Alimak Elevator Company, Associate

Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA
D. Reilly Hydro One,

Toronto, Ontario
E. Ryan Bracknell Corporation,

Stoney Creek, Ontario
D. Snaith Construction Safety Association of Ontario,

Toronto, Ontario
R. Townsend Edmonton Pipe Trades JATC,

Edmonton, Alberta
P. Young Snorkel Economy,

St. Joseph, Missouri, USA
R. Meyers CSA, Project Manager

Toronto, Ontario
March 2002 vii

Preface
This is the second edition of CSA Standard B354.4, Self-Propelled Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms.
It supersedes the previous edition published in 1982, under the title Boom-Type Elevating Work Platforms.
The purpose of this Standard is to provide criteria for the design, manufacture, remanufacture,
rebuild/recondition, testing, performance, inspection, training, maintenance, and safe operation of
self-propelled boom-supported elevating work platforms.
With the objective of guarding against and minimizing the risk of injury to workers, the scope of this
Standard has been expanded to provide additional information on safe operating procedures and training
requirements. As well, the section on inspection and maintenance requirements has been enhanced to
provide more guidance on the different types of inspections (daily, periodic, and annual). A new
structural inspection requirement has been added to ensure that older machines or those that have
sustained actual, suspected, or potential damage maintain their stability and structural integrity.
With respect to design and manufacture criteria, the Standard is closely harmonized with the equivalent
ANSI Standard.
This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Elevating Work Platforms, under the
jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Occupational Health and Safety, and has been
formally approved by the Technical Committee. It will be submitted to the Standards Council of Canada
for approval as a National Standard of Canada.
March 2002
Notes:
(1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.
(2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it
remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.
(3) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of
good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but
not necessarily unanimity.” It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee
list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication.
(4) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate
committee.
(5) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian
Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3.
Requests for interpretation should
(a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch;
(b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and
(c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer.
Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing
standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update. For subscription details, write to CSA Sales Promotion,
Info Update, at the address given above.
viii March 2002

B354.4-02
1. Scope and Purpose

1.1 Scope
This Standard applies to self-propelled boom-supported integral chassis elevated work platforms that have
a platform capable of being positioned completely beyond the base and that are used to position
personnel, along with their necessary tools and materials, at work locations. Self-propelled
boom-supported elevating work platforms (aerial platforms) are power-operated with primary functions,
including drive control from the platform. For the purpose of this Standard, self-propelled
boom-supported elevating work platforms will be referred to as aerial platforms.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this Standard is to specify the minimum requirements for design, manufacture,
remanufacture, rebuild/recondition, testing, performance, inspection, training, maintenance, and safe
operation of aerial platforms to achieve the following objectives:
(a) the prevention of personal injuries and accidents;
(b) a uniformity in ratings; and
(c) an understanding by manufacturers, dealers, installers, maintenance personnel, operators, owners,
and users of their respective responsibilities.
Aerial platforms are generally intended for use over level surfaces. Normally they are not insulated for
use near electrically energized circuits, nor are they intended to be used in hazardous locations. For any
aerial platforms intended for use around electrically energized circuits, see CSA Standard C225.
The operation of any aerial platform is subject to certain hazards that can only be protected against by
having competent, careful personnel trained in the intended use, safe operation, maintenance, and
servicing of this type of equipment.
1.3 Application
The design and manufacturing requirements of this Standard apply to those aerial platforms
manufactured six months after the date of publication of this Standard. All other provisions of this
Standard apply to both new and existing aerial platforms and become effective at the time of publication
of this Standard.
1.4 Equipment not Covered

This Standard does not apply to
(a) vehicle-mounted aerial devices, such as those covered in CSA Standard C225;
(b) non-self-propelled elevating rolling work platforms, as covered in CSA Standard CAN3-B354.1;
(c) self-propelled elevating work platforms, as covered in CSA Standard CAN3-B354.2;
(d) mast climbing equipment, such as that covered in CSA Standard CAN3-B354.5;
(e) construction hoists used to raise and lower materials and personnel to different elevations, as covered
in CSA Standards Z256 and CAN/CSA-Z185;
(f) mobile cranes, such as those covered in CSA Standard Z150;
(g) vehicle-mounted vertical lift devices, such as those covered in the ANSI/SIA Standard A92.7.
(h) vehicle-mounted bridge inspection and maintenance devices, as covered in ANSI/SIA Standard A92.8;
March 2002 1
(i) permanently installed (nonmobile) elevating lifts used to transport personnel between different
elevations; and
(j) firefighting equipment.
1.5 Terminology
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, ie, a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy
in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is
advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the
limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative
requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or
informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be
written as requirements. Legends to equations and figures are considered requirements.
1.6 Measurement
The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
2. Definitions
The following definitions apply in this Standard:
Aerial platform — as used in this Standard, a self-propelled boom-supported elevating work platform.
See Appendix A.
Anchorage — a secure point of attachment for a lanyard(s) utilized with a body belt or harness.
Backwards overturning — the overturning of the aerial platform in the direction of the counterweight
on the turret parallel to the boom.
Base — the relevant contact points of the aerial platform that form the stability fulcrum (eg, wheels,
casters, outriggers, stabilizers).
Chassis — the integral part of the aerial platform that provides mobility and support for the elevating
assembly.
Configuration — all positions in which an aerial platform or any part thereof can be placed within its
intended operating limits.
Critical component(s) — load-supporting elements that support or stabilize the platform or aerial
platform.
Directional controls — controls that initiate functions that affect movement of the platform or the
aerial platform.
Ductile materials — materials having a minimum elongation at failure of 10% in a gauge length of
50 mm (2 in) of a standardized test specimen.
Elevating/rotating assembly — the mechanism used to position the platform relative to the aerial
platform chassis.
Familiarization — the provision of information regarding the control functions and safety devices for
the aerial platform(s) that is (are) to be operated by a qualified operator.
2 March 2002
Forward overturning — the overturning of the aerial platform in the direction of the platform parallel
to the boom.
Guardrail system — a vertical barrier erected to aid in preventing personnel from falling to lower levels.
Hazardous atmosphere — any location that contains, or has the potential to contain, an explosive or
flammable atmosphere as defined in ANSI/NFPA Standard 505.
Instability — a condition of an aerial platform in which the sum of the moments that tend to overturn
the unit exceeds the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning.
Insulated platform — a platform designed and tested to meet the specific electrical insulation ratings
consistent with the manufacturer’s identification plate.
Interlock — a control or mechanism that, under specified conditions, automatically allows or prevents
the operation of another control or mechanism.
Maintenance — the act of upkeep such as inspection, lubrication, refuelling, cleaning, adjustment, and
scheduled part(s) replacement.
Manufacturer — a person or entity that makes, builds, or produces an aerial platform.
Maximum travel configuration — the most adverse configuration with respect to stability in which
travel is permitted by the manufacturer, without the deployment of outriggers, stabilizers, or extendable
axles.
Maximum travel height — the maximum platform height with respect to stability in which travel is
permitted by the manufacturer.
Modification — to make a change(s) to an aerial platform that affects the operation, stability, safety
factors, rated load, or safety of the aerial platform in any way.
Most adverse stability condition(s) — the configuration of an aerial platform in conjunction with the
orientation of the platform on a sloped surface; the size and location of the load most likely to cause
instability.
Most adverse stability configuration — the configuration of an aerial platform most likely to cause
instability while supporting a specified load.
Multiple rated work loads — two or more different rated work loads based on alternative
configuration of the aerial platform.
Nonductile (brittle) materials — materials that do not meet the requirements of ductile materials.
Occupant — any person on the platform.
Operation — the performance of functions of an aerial platform within the scope of its specifications
and in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, the user’s work rules, and applicable
governmental regulations.
Operator — the person who controls the movement of the aerial platform.
Outriggers — devices that increase the stability of the aerial platform and that are capable of lifting and
levelling the aerial platform.
March 2002 3
Override — to take over aerial platform movement control functions at the upper control station by
those at the lower control station.
Owner — a person or entity who has possession of an aerial platform by virtue of proof of purchase.
Platform — the portion of an aerial platform intended to be occupied by personnel with their necessary
tools and materials.
Platform height — the vertical distance measured from the floor of the platform to the surface upon
which the machine is being supported.
Platform reach — the horizontal distance measured from the centreline of rotation to the outermost
edge of the platform.
Powered functions — functions that control the motion of the platform or the aerial platform and are
caused by electromechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic forces.
Qualified person — a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional

standing, or by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her
ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matter, work, or project.
Rated horizontal force — the maximum permissible horizontal force that can be applied to the aerial
platform as specified by the manufacturer.
Rated work load — the designed carrying capacity of the aerial platform as specified by the
manufacturer consisting of the specific number of occupants and the weight of tools and materials.
Rebuild/recondition — the act of disassembly, repair, or adjustment of an aerial platform or

component, utilizing replacement parts and components, in accomplishing work beyond the scope of
maintenance (as described and used in this Standard) in order to restore, to the extent possible, the aerial
platform or component to the original manufactured specifications.
Remanufacture — the act of disassembly, repair, replacement, or adjustment of an aerial platform by

the original manufacturer or qualified entity, utilizing new or replacement parts and components to
comply with this Standard and in effect as of the date work is completed.
Repair — the act of restoring to good condition that which has been broken, damaged, or worn due to
use, abuse, or other reasons.
Self-propelled boom-supported elevating work platform — a type of aerial platform that has an
adjustable position platform that is supported from ground level by a boom (articulating or telescoping).
Stability/stable — a condition of an aerial platform in which the sum of the moments that tend to
overturn the aerial platform is less than the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning.
Stabilizers — devices that increase the stability of the aerial platform but are not capable of lifting or
levelling the aerial platform.
Training — instruction to enable the trainee to become a qualified person regarding the tasks to be
performed, including knowledge regarding potential hazards.
Unintended motion or motion unintended by operator — motion of the aerial platform or

platform without activation of any control.
4 March 2002
Unrestricted rated work load — the maximum designed carrying capacity of the aerial platform
allowed by the manufacturer in all operating configurations.
3. Reference Publications
This Standard refers to the following publications and where such reference is made it shall be to the
edition listed below.
CSA Standards
B149.1-00,
Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code;
B149.2-00,
Propane Storage and Handling;
CAN3-B354.1-M82 (R2000),
Elevating Rolling Work Platforms;
CAN3-B354.2-M82 (R2000),
Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms for Use on Paved/Slab Surfaces;
CAN3-B354.5-02,
Mast Climbing Work Platforms;
C225-00,
Vehicle Mounted Aerial Devices;
W59/W59M-1989 (R1998),
Welded Steel Construction (Metal Arc Welding);
W59.2-M1991 (R1998),
Welded Aluminum Construction;
W178.2-01,
Certification of Welding Inspectors;
Z150-98,
Safety Code on Mobile Cranes;
CAN/CSA-Z185-M87 (R2001),
Safety Code for Personnel Hoists;
Z256-M87 (R2001),
Safety Code for Material Hoists;
CAN/CSA-Z321-96,
Signs and Symbols for the Workplace.
ANSI* Standards
Z535.1-1998,
Safety Color Code;
March 2002 5
Z535.3-1998,
Criteria for Safety Symbols;
Z535.4-1998,
Product Safety Signs and Labels.
ANSI/NFPA† Standard
505-1996,
Powered Industrial Trucks, Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Maintenance, and Operation.
ANSI/SIA‡ Standards
A92.7-1990,
National Standard for Airline Ground Supported Vehicle-Mounted Vertical Lifts;
A92.8-1993,
Vehicle-Mounted Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Devices.
ASTM§ Standard
A 325-00,
Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 Ksi Minimum Tensile Strength.
AWS** Standards
D1.1-98,
Structural Welding Code — Steel;
D1.2-97,
Structural Welding Code — Aluminum.
CGSB†† Standard
CAN/CGSB-48.9712-95,
Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel.
ISO‡‡ Standard
4302:1981,
Cranes — Wind load assessment.
SAE§§ Standard
J821-1985,
Electrical Wiring Systems for Construction, Agricultural and Off-Road Machines.
*American National Standards Institute.

†National Fire Protection Association.
‡Scaffold Industry Association.
§American Society for Testing and Materials.
**American Welding Society Inc.
††Canadian General Standards Board.
‡‡International Organization for Standardization.
§§Society of Automotive Engineers.
4. Design and Manufacture Criteria
4.1 Basic Principles

Sound engineering principles consistent with all data available regarding the parameters of intended use
6 March 2002
and expected environment shall be applied in the design, testing, and manufacture of aerial platforms,
with awareness that the unit will be carrying personnel.
4.2 Rated Work Load

4.2.1 Rated Work Load of an Aerial Platform
The rated work load of an aerial platform shall not be less than 136 kg (300 lb).
4.2.2 Multiple Rated Work Load

When a multiple rated work load is used, the manufacturer shall comply with the following conditions:
(a) When the rated work load is different for alternative configurations of the aerial platform, the
manufacturer shall clearly describe these configurations and the rated work load of each configuration in
the manual and on the platform.
Examples of alternative configurations include but are not limited to the following:
(i) outriggers or stabilizers extended to firm footing versus not extended;
(ii) extendable elevating assembly retracted versus extended;
(iii) elevating assembly elevated versus lowered; and
(iv) extendable axles extended versus retracted.
(b) When the rated work load of the varying configuration depends on the location of the platform in
relation to the base, the manufacturer shall display the appropriate rated work load of that configuration
to the operator at the control station(s).
4.3 Material Requirements

Load-carrying members subjected to tension or reversing stresses shall be of materials that will not
become brittle under low temperature operating conditions. Steel having a Charpy impact value greater
than 20 J at –18°C (–0.4°F) will fulfill this requirement.
Bolts, nuts, and other fasteners whose failure would result in the free descent of the platform shall
conform to or exceed the requirements of ASTM Standard A 325. SAE Grade 5, or its equivalent or
better, shall also be acceptable.
4.4 Proof Test

Each production aerial platform on level ground shall sustain a load test that includes the movement of
the platform with a uniformly distributed platform load equalling 1.5 times the rated work load being
imposed throughout the range of motions that confirms the integrity of the aerial platform. A visual
inspection shall be made to determine whether this test has produced an adverse effect on any
component.
4.5 Structural Safety Factors

4.5.1 Ductile Materials
All load-supporting elements of the aerial platform that are made of ductile materials shall have a
structural safety factor of not less than 2 to 1 based on
(a) the minimum yield strength of the materials used; and
(b) the column strength of the structure.
4.5.2 Nonductile Materials

All load-supporting elements of the aerial platforms that are made of nonductile materials, including
fibreglass-reinforced plastic, shall have a structural safety factor of not less than 5 to 1 based on the
minimum ultimate strength of the materials used.
4.5.3 Structural Safety Factor Formulas

The design stress used in determining this structural safety factor shall be the maximum stress induced in
the element with the device operating at rated capacity and used in the type of service for which it was
March 2002 7
designed. Effects of stress concentration and dynamic loading shall be included as shown in the
following formula:
σ
Structural safety factor =
(σ1 + σ2 ) f1 f2
where
σ = yield stress for materials described in Clause 4.5.1 or ultimate stress for materials described in
Clause 4.5.2
σ1 = stress due to the weight of the structure
σ2 = maximum stress due to the rated load
f1 = stress concentration factor

f2 = dynamic loading factor
The values of f1 and f2 can be determined by experimental stress analysis on a prototype unit.
Note: Generally the values of f1 and f2 should not be less than 1.10 and 1.25, respectively.
The column load shall include the effects of dynamic loading as shown in the following formula:
b
Structural safety factor =
(b1 + b2 ) f2
where
b = column critical buckling load
b1 = column load due to the weight of the structure
b2 = column load due to the rated work load
f2 = the dynamic loading factor
The value of f2 may be determined by experimental stress analysis on a prototype unit. Otherwise, the
value of f2 shall be not less than 1.25.
4.5.4 Bursting Safety Factors

All critical components and hoses of hydraulic and pneumatic systems shall have a minimum bursting
strength of four times the operating pressure for which the system is designed. Noncritical components
shall have a minimum bursting strength of two times the operating pressure for which the system is
designed.
4.5.5 Additional Requirement

The yield point of any structural members or fasteners shall not be exceeded by the applications of loads
due to tests required by this Standard.
4.6 Stability
4.6.1 General
4.6.1.1
A sample unit of each model aerial platform and its alternative configurations (see Figures B1 to B3) shall
be subjected to the tests found in Clauses 4.6.2 to 4.6.6. The aerial platform shall maintain stability
throughout these tests. The tests shall be conducted in the most adverse stability condition under the
supervision of a professional engineer with expertise in aerial platforms.
Factors to be considered in determining the most adverse stability condition shall include
(a) zero load to maximum test load;
(b) up to and including maximum platform height;
(c) all positions and configurations of the platform(s);
(d) all wheel and axle positions;
(e) forward and backward configurations of the elevating assembly; and
(f) all other movable features that affect the stability of the aerial platform.
8 March 2002
4.6.1.2 Preparation of Sample Aerial Platform for Stability Test

The sample aerial platform shall be prepared for the stability test as follows:
(a) The aerial platform shall be tested with the same standard equipment as used with the production
units.
(b) The aerial platform shall have fluid and fuel reservoir levels that constitute the most adverse stability
conditions.
(c) If designed to run on a battery, the battery on the aerial platform shall be fully charged to permit the
platform to elevate, lower, or travel at maximum speed.
(d) The tires on the aerial platform shall be inflated by air or by other fluids, or be ballasted in a manner
specified by the manufacturer.
4.6.1.3 Test Load Location

The test load shall be positioned as follows:
(a) Unless otherwise specified, the test load shall be placed on the platform such that the centre of
gravity (CG) of the test load is located at 0.15 m (6 in) above the platform surface (see Figures B1 to B3).
(b) For the stability tests in Clauses 4.6.2, 4.6.3.1, and 4.6.3.2, the horizontal location of the CG of the
test load shall be 0.30 m (12 in) from the edge of the platform on the downhill side and be such as to
cause the most adverse stability condition.
(c) For the stability tests in Clauses 4.6.4 and 4.6.5, the test load shall be evenly distributed over the
leading half of the platform.
4.6.1.4 Test Ramp

Where referenced, the test ramp shall be a firm, uniform, and continuous surface on which the aerial
platform is tested for static stability. The slope of the test ramp may be fixed or variable. The actual slope
on a test ramp during test conditions shall be determined by a method capable of ±0.2° in accuracy. The
test ramp shall be long enough and wide enough to support all tires and outriggers when they are fully
extended.
Note: A smooth asphalt, concrete, wood, or steel surface is acceptable for a test ramp.
4.6.2 Load Test on Level Surface

The aerial platform, when placed on a level surface in the most adverse stability configuration, shall
sustain a test load equal to 1.5 times its rated work load (150%). See Figure B1.
4.6.3 Slope Tests

4.6.3.1 Horizontal Load Test on Slope
While carrying a test load equal to zero up to the rated work load, the aerial platform, in the most adverse
stability condition, shall withstand a minimum horizontal force of 223 N (50 lb) per rated number of
occupants, 0.15 times rated work load (15%), or 666 N (150 lb), whichever is greater, applied to a point
on the upper periphery (toprail) of the aerial platform. The aerial platform shall be tested on a test ramp
on a slope 5° greater than the slope for which it is rated by the manufacturer.
The condition most likely to cause backwards overturning and forward overturning shall be considered.
See Figure B2.
4.6.3.2 Load Test on Slope

The aerial platform shall be tested on a test ramp on a slope 5° greater than the slope for which it is rated
by the manufacturer.
The test shall be conducted
(a) while supporting a test load of 1.33 times the rated work load; and
(b) with no load on the platform.
The condition most likely to cause backwards overturning and forward overturning shall be considered.
See Figure B3.
March 2002 9
4.6.3.3 Slope Test Procedure

The slope test procedure shall be as follows:
(a) The test load shall be placed on the aerial platform as specified.
(b) The aerial platform’s tires, tracks, or outriggers shall bear the full weight of the elevating assembly
during the test. The outriggers, stabilizers, or extendable axles shall be deployed if they are intended to
be in contact with the support surface as part of the normal configuration.
(c) The aerial platforms shall be tested in the most adverse stability condition determined by the
manufacturer or a professional engineer.
4.6.4 Dynamic Curb Test

4.6.4.1
The aerial platform shall be subjected to a dynamic curb test on the maximum rated slope at the
maximum permitted travel speed carrying a test load equal to the 1.33 times rated work load of the
platform. The test shall be performed in the most adverse stability configuration. If different travel
speeds are allowed for different heights, the test shall be repeated for each of these heights at the
maximum travel speed for that height.
4.6.4.2 Dynamic Curb Test Procedure

The aerial platform shall be driven forward into a test curb high enough to stop the machine, and it shall
be driven into the curb at an angle resulting in the least stability. Tests shall be carried out such that in
separate tests
(a) each front wheel makes contact with the curb; and
(b) both front wheels simultaneously make contact with the curb.
4.6.5 Dynamic Depression Test

4.6.5.1
The aerial platform shall be subjected to a depression test on the maximum rated slope at the maximum
permitted travel speed carrying a test load equal to the rated work load of the platform. The test shall be
performed in the most adverse stability configuration. If different travel speeds are allowed for different
heights, the test shall be repeated for each of these heights at the maximum travel speed for that height.
4.6.5.2 Dynamic Depression Test Procedure

The aerial platform shall be driven into a 0.6 m (24 in) square hole with a vertical drop of 0.1 m (4 in)
with one front wheel aligned perpendicular to the edge of the test hole. This test shall be repeated at
0.15 m (6 in) increments along the edge of the test hole such that each front wheel enters the test hole
in turn.
4.6.6 Fall Arrest Overturning Test

The fall arrest overturning test shall be undertaken as follows:
(a) The aerial platform, while positioned on a level surface, shall sustain in the most adverse stability
configuration the force of a 136 kg (300 lb) test mass free falling as follows:
(i) the test mass origin shall be placed with the centre of gravity positioned 0.46 m (18 in) outside
of the top guardrail of the platform in the direction that creates the most adverse stability condition;
(ii) the test mass shall be attached by a non-shock-absorbing lanyard to the lanyard anchorage point
nearest to the test mass origin. The lanyard shall be routed over the platform top guardrail such that the
overturning force is applied directly to the top guardrail; and
(iii) the test mass shall free fall a minimum vertical distance of 1.2 m (47.2 in) without interference,
obstruction, or hitting the floor/ground during the test.
(b) The platform shall be loaded to the most adverse stability condition during the test. This may be with
or without the remaining load required to achieve capacity, including the 136 kg (300 lb) test mass. Any
additional required load shall be placed such that it is evenly distributed on the platform.
10 March 2002
(c) The aerial platform shall not overturn as a result of this test. Permanent deformation of any part is
acceptable, provided that the test mass is not released during the test. See Figure B4.
4.7 Wind Stability

Calculations shall be documented to demonstrate the stability of the aerial platform under a wind speed
of 12.5 m/s (41 ft/s). The platform shall be loaded and elevated to the most adverse stability condition
on the rated slope. The calculation method shall be based on ISO Standard 4302, with the rated number
of persons and equipment included in the area exposed to the wind. These values shall be determined
using an area of 0.7 m2 (7.5 ft2) per person acting 1 m (39 in) above the platform floor and a force equal
to 3% of the weight of the equipment portion of the rated load acting horizontally 0.5 m (20 in) above
the platform floor. A person shall be considered to have a mass of 80 kg (176 lb).
Note: The equipment portion of the rated load is determined by subtracting 80 kg (176 lb) per occupant from the rated
working load.
4.8 Controls
4.8.1 Upper Controls
Upper controls shall be provided at the platform and shall
(a) be readily accessible to the operator;
(b) be oriented and/or move in the approximate direction of the function that they control with the
control box in its normal position for operation. Control boxes not permanently attached shall have their
normal location and orientation clearly marked;
(c) include a separate control that shall be continuously activated by the operator for upper directional
controls to be operational, that can be released by the operator independently of the directional controls,
and that renders upper controls inoperative when released;
(d) be of the type that automatically returns to the OFF or NEUTRAL position when released, if used to
control any movement of the aerial platform;
(e) be protected against activation other than that initiated by the operator; and
(f) be clearly marked.
4.8.2 Lower Controls

Lower controls shall be readily accessible from ground level and shall
(a) override upper controls for powered functions;
(b) be provided for all powered functions except drive and steering;
(c) be of the type that automatically returns to the OFF or NEUTRAL position when released;
(d) be protected against activation other than that initiated by the operator; and
(e) be clearly marked.
4.8.3 Control Station for Loading/Unloading

A remote control station with drive and steer functions may be provided for the purposes of loading and
unloading for transport. When provided, this control station shall be interlocked to be operable only with
the aerial platform in the loading/unloading position as specified by the manufacturer.
4.8.4 Emergency Lowering

All aerial platforms shall be provided with an emergency means to return the platform to a position where
it is safe to exit in the event of primary power loss.
4.8.5 Emergency Stop Device

The aerial platform shall be equipped with emergency stop devices located at all control stations that will
deactivate all powered functions that affect the movement of the platform or aerial platform.
March 2002 11
4.8.6 Security
A security means shall be provided to protect against unauthorized use of the aerial platform.
4.8.7 Slope Warning

All aerial platforms shall be fitted with a warning system that is activated automatically when the aerial
platform is at a slope of no more than 5° beyond the rated slope established by the manufacturer. When
activated, the slope warning system shall activate a visual and distinctive audible alarm. A disconnected
slope warning sensor shall cause the same result as if the slope warning system were activated. The
warning device may be inoperative when the platform is not elevated. A means shall be provided to
determine that the slope warning system is functioning.
4.9 Interlock Requirements

4.9.1 Driving
If it is necessary to limit the maximum travel configuration or drive speed to meet the requirements of the
dynamic curb test in Clause 4.6.4 and the dynamic depression test in Clause 4.6.5, these functions shall
be interlocked. Additionally, any configuration of the aerial platform that does not meet the requirements
of Clauses 4.6.4 and 4.6.5 shall require the drive function to be interlocked to prevent driving.
4.9.2 Stabilizing Devices

For aerial platforms requiring the use of outriggers, extendable axles, or other devices to meet the stability
requirements of this Standard, interlocks shall be provided to prevent elevating or extending the platform
beyond the maximum travel configuration unless all stabilizing devices are properly deployed. Interlocks
shall also be provided to prevent the retraction of outriggers, extendable axles, or other stabilizing devices
while the platform is elevated or extended beyond the maximum travel configuration. Interlocks shall
ensure that it is not possible to activate the driving motor(s) unless the outriggers are retracted.
4.10 System Protection

4.10.1 Unintended Platform Motion
4.10.1.1 Hydraulic/Pneumatic System
Where positioning of the platform is accomplished by hydraulic or pneumatic means, the system shall be
equipped so as to prevent unintended platform motion in the event of a hydraulic or pneumatic line
failure. All hydraulic lines critical to platform stability and exposed to accidental damage by impact shall
be appropriately guarded or otherwise protected.
4.10.1.2 Wire Rope/Chain System

Where positioning of the platform is accomplished by wire rope or chain, the system shall prevent
unintended platform motion in the event of failure of a single wire rope or chain.
4.10.1.3 Unintended Retraction of Outriggers or Stabilizers

Hydraulically or pneumatically actuated outriggers or stabilizers, or both, shall be constructed so as to
prevent unintended retraction in the event of failure of a hydraulic or pneumatic line.
4.11 Guarding
With the exception of the elevating/rotating assembly, moving parts shall be effectively guarded against
hazards inherent in machinery. Placards shall be used to warn of the hazards of the elevating/rotating
assembly.
4.12 Warning for Platform Lowering

While the platform is being lowered, utilizing the upper controls, a warning device shall be activated at
ground level.
12 March 2002
4.13 Platforms
4.13.1 Width and Surface
Platform width shall not be less than 0.46 m (18 in). The platform floor shall have a slip-resistant surface.
4.13.2 Guardrail System

The platform shall include a guardrail system around its periphery. If the guardrail system is removable or
can be lowered, the means used to secure it in the normal operating position shall be readily accessible
for inspection and maintenance.
4.13.2.1 Toprail
The guardrail system shall include a toprail around its upper periphery. The height of the toprail above
the platform shall be 1.07 ± 0.08 m (42 ± 3 in). Equivalent structures may be used in place of toprails
and shall meet the strength requirements of Clause 4.13.2.4.
4.13.2.2 Midrail
The guardrail system shall include a midrail approximately midway between the toprail and the platform
surface. Equivalent structures may be used in place of midrails and shall meet the strength requirements
described in Clause 4.13.2.4.
4.13.2.3 Flexible Materials

Flexible materials such as cables, chains, and ropes shall not be used in the guardrail system; however,
they may be used as a midrail at access openings 0.76 m (30 in) wide, or less.
4.13.2.4 Structural Integrity

Each toprail, midrail, or equivalent vertical barrier shall withstand a concentrated load of 1340 N (300 lb)
applied at any point in any direction without reaching yield strength of the material.
4.13.3 Toeboards
The platform shall include toeboards on all sides. The minimum toeboard height shall be 0.1 m (4 in).
Toeboards may be omitted at the access opening(s).
4.13.4 Access
The aerial platform shall include means for personnel to use in entering or exiting the platform when in
the lowered position. When the distance between the access level and the floor of the platform in its
access position exceeds 0.50 m (20 in), the aerial platform shall be equipped with an access ladder.
The access system shall permit and, by proper placement of components, promote achievement of
three-point support while ascending or descending the access system.
The steps or rungs shall not be more than 0.30 m (12 in) apart. The steps or rungs shall be divided
equally over the distance between the first step or rung and the floor of the platform. The height of the
first step above the ground shall be a maximum of 0.50 m (20 in). Each step or rung shall be at least
0.32 m (12.5 in) wide, at least 25 mm (1 in) deep, and shall be slip-resistant. The front of the steps or
rungs shall be at least 0.15 m (6 in) horizontally away from the supporting structure of any other
components of the aerial platform. The access ladder shall be symmetrical with the access opening.
4.13.5 Anchorage(s) for Fall Protection Systems

Each anchorage shall be capable of withstanding a static force of 16 300 N (3650 lb) without reaching
ultimate strength. The strength requirement shall only apply to the anchorage(s) and their attachment to
the aerial platform. The platform shall be equipped with at least one anchorage for each of the rated
occupants. The location of the anchorage shall be clearly identified.
March 2002 13
4.13.6 Wire Rope or Chain Safety Factor

Where the platform is supporting its rated work load by a system of wire ropes or chains, or both, the
safety factor of the wire rope or chain system shall not be less than 8 to 1 based on ultimate strength.
4.14 Power System

4.14.1 Fuel and Exhaust
Fuel lines of internal combustion-engine-powered aerial platforms shall be supported to minimize chafing
and positioned to minimize exposure to engine and exhaust heat. Liquid fuel lines shall be hard lines
except where isolation from vibration requires a flexible connection. LP-gas engine fuel systems shall
comply with CSA Standards B149.1 and B149.2. The exhaust system shall be provided with a muffler
positioned to minimize noise and exhaust gas exposure to the operators and personnel located in
proximity to the aerial platform.
4.14.2 Battery Location

Battery(ies) shall be secured, guarded, and ventilated so as to prevent damage and buildup of hydrogen
gas. Battery(ies) shall be readily accessible for inspection, servicing, and replacement.
4.14.3 Hourmeter
An hourmeter shall be provided to record accumulated time of operation while the power system is
energized or activated.
4.15 Brakes
4.15.1 Holding Brake
The aerial platform shall be equipped with a brake that is automatically applied when the drive function is
not achieved and shall hold the unit on any slope it is capable of climbing, subject to adequate traction
on the braking wheels. The system shall provide two braking members to prevent total loss of capability
should one member lose traction or supporting surface contact.
4.15.2 Dynamic Brakes

The aerial platform shall be capable of stopping on a slope having adequate traction, when descending
any slope the unit is capable of climbing. The system shall provide two braking members to prevent total
loss of capability should one member lose traction or supporting surface contact.
4.15.3 Combination Brakes

Holding and dynamic brake systems may be combined as one system if one system meets the
requirements of Clauses 4.15.1 and 4.15.2.
4.16 Welding Standards

All welding shall be performed by a qualified person and shall meet the requirements of CSA Standards
W59/W59M and W59.2 or AWS Standards D1.1 and D1.2 or equivalent standards.
4.17 Electrical System

Electrical wiring and components shall comply, as applicable, with the requirements of SAE
Standard J821.
4.18 Quality Control

The manufacturer shall establish and follow a written quality control procedure to ensure the compliance
of each work platform with this Standard.
14 March 2002
4.19 Instructions and Markings

4.19.1 Manufacturer’s Information
The following information shall be displayed on all aerial platforms in a clearly visible, accessible area and
in a durable manner, and, where applicable, shall comply with the following conditions:
(a) the make, model, serial number, and manufacturer’s (remanufacturer’s) name and address;
(b) the maximum platform height;
(c) the maximum travel height, if not equal to the maximum platform height;
(d) the nominal voltage ratings of the batteries if battery powered;
(e) a notice to study the operating manual before using the equipment;
(f) a notice of the inspections required by Clause 5 of this Standard;
(g) an alternative configuration statement. If the aerial platform may have several alternative
configurations, the manufacturer shall clearly describe these alternatives, including the rated capacity in
each situation; if the rated work load of the aerial platform is the same in all configurations, these
additional descriptions are not necessary;
(h) If the multiple ratings are used
(i) when the rated work load varies according to multiple configurations of the aerial platform, the
manufacturer shall clearly describe these configurations, including the rated work load of each, in the
manual and on the platform. Examples of alternative configurations are, but shall not be limited to, the
following:
(1) outriggers or stabilizers extended to firm footing versus not extended;
(2) platform and extension(s) extended versus retracted;
(3) platform attachment(s) attached versus unattached; and
(4) extendable axles extended versus retracted;
(ii) when the rated work load of the alternative configuration depends on the location of the
platform in relation to the base, the manufacturer shall display the appropriate rated work load of that
configuration to the operator at the control station(s);
(i) unrestricted rated work load shall be displayed at each access to the platform and operator control
station(s);
(j) a statement of whether or not the platform or any portion thereof is electrically insulated. If
equipped with an insulated platform, the level of protection and applicable test standard shall be stated in
accordance with CSA Standard C225;
(k) warnings against replacing, without the manufacturer’s consent, components critical to machine
stability, ie, batteries or ballasted tires, with lighter weight components. The minimum weights of such
components shall be specified;
(l) total weight of the aerial platform and wheel loading for the worst loading condition exerted by the
wheels and/or outriggers;
(m) a statement of compliance that the machine has been designed, manufactured, and tested in
accordance with this Standard; and
(n) the location of the fall protection anchorages.
4.19.2 Design of Markings

Colour, format, and substance of markings shall conform to
(a) CSA Standard CAN/CSA-Z321 or ANSI Standards Z535.3 and Z535.4; and
(b) ANSI Standard Z535.1.
4.19.3 Platform-Rated Work Loads

The rated work load, horizontal force, and number of occupants shall be clearly displayed at each access
to the platform and on the platform extension(s), if so equipped.
4.19.4 Visibility
The front and back of the chassis shall be marked such that it is readily visible from the platform control
location in all operating configurations.
March 2002 15
4.20 Operating Manuals

The manufacturer shall provide with each aerial platform an appropriate manual in English or French, or
both, containing the following information:
(a) description, specifications, and capacities of the work platform; and
(b) instructions regarding operation and maintenance, including recommended daily, weekly, and
monthly inspection checklists.
4.21 Service and Parts Manual

The manufacturer shall make available an appropriate manual(s) listing repair and parts information.
4.22 Weather-Resistant Storage

The manufacturer shall provide a weather-resistant storage location on the aerial platform for the
operating manual specified in Clause 4.20.
4.23 Certification
Upon request, the manufacturer or distributor shall furnish the purchaser with certification by a
professional engineer or a qualified independent laboratory that the aerial platform meets the
requirements of this Standard, including all testing requirements.
4.24 Modifications
Modification, alteration, or remanufacture of an aerial platform shall be made only with written
permission of the manufacturer.
Where it is not possible to obtain written permission from the manufacturer, modifications to an aerial
platform shall be made in accordance with the instructions from a professional engineer with expertise in
aerial platforms. The modified aerial platform shall be tested in accordance with all stability test
requirements of Clause 4.6 and certified by the professional engineer as having passed these stability tests.
5. Inspection and Maintenance

5.1 General
All aerial platforms shall be inspected, tested, and maintained according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
Any problems or malfunctions that affect the safety of operation shall be repaired prior to the use of the
aerial platform.
5.2 Inspection and Maintenance Records

A complete and concise record of any information concerning regular inspections (daily inspection
exempted), tests, maintenance and structural inspections, and electronic and machine repair that have a
direct bearing on the safety of the aerial platform shall be kept permanently by the owner.
5.3 Inspection Classification

Inspections are classified as follows:
(a) daily;
(b) periodic;
(c) annual; and
(d) structural.
16 March 2002
5.3.1 Daily Inspection

All components that have a direct bearing on the safe operation of the aerial platform and whose status
can change from day to day with use shall be visually inspected on a daily basis by the operator. In
addition, these components, where applicable and practicable, and where possible, shall be observed
during operation for defects that could affect the safe operation of the aerial platform. Items such as, but
not necessarily restricted to, the following shall be regularly inspected for defects and shall also be
observed during operation and between regular inspections for defects:
(a) tires and wheels for cuts, obvious loose or missing lug nuts, broken tie rods, and adequate tire
pressure;
(b) all fluids such as fuel, engine oil, coolants for proper level, and battery fluid;
(c) hydraulic hoses for leaks or loose connections;

(d) all quick disconnect hoses for proper connection;
(e) structural components for obvious damage, broken parts, and cracks in welds;
(f) ladder or steps for damage and debris (ladder shall be firmly secured to the platform);
(g) beacon and warning lights for missing and defective lens or caps;
(h) operating and emergency controls for proper function;
(i) placards and warning signs for cleanliness, readability of control markings, rated capacity, and
operating manual(s);
(j) platform assembly for loose and missing parts, missing or loose lock pins and bolts, footswitch in
place;
(k) platform floor for structural damage, holes or cracked welds, dirt, and grease or oil that can create a
hazard;
(l) access gate for ease of movement, missing parts, and latched and locking capabilities;
(m) fall protection system;
(n) safety devices for malfunction;
(o) proper operation of elevating, rotating, and drive functions;
(p) brakes for stopping capabilities;
(q) horn for proper function;
(r) outriggers and stabilizers; and
(s) other items as specified by the manufacturer.
5.3.2 Periodic Inspection

This inspection shall be performed after 200 h of use or after a period recommended by the
manufacturer, whichever comes first. The interval between inspections may vary depending on the aerial
platforms activity, severity of use, and the working environment. Periodic inspections shall be performed
by a qualified person. This inspection shall include the requirements of Clause 5.3.1 and items such as,
but not limited to, the following:
(a) loose bolts, nuts, and pins;
(b) hydraulic oil filter for cracks and leaks, metal chips or pieces on the filter that may denote failure
in the pumps, motors, or cylinder, and evidence of rubber particle on the filter element that may
indicate deterioration of hose, O-ring, or other rubber components;
(c) fuel filter for function;
(d) fan belts for adjustment and excessive wear;
(e) hydraulic hoses for cracks, leaks, and blistering, and evidence of excessive abrasion on all flexible and
rigid hoses;
(f) hydraulic pumps and motors for cracks or leaks, leaks at joints, seal leaks, loss of operating speed,
excessive heating of fluid, and loss of pressure;
(g) hydraulic cylinders for drifting caused by fluid leak across the holding valve or the piston, rod seal
leakage, scored and nicked cylinder rods, dented barrel, and unusual noises or vibration;
(h) all control mechanisms for wear and response time;
(i) interlocks, slope warning system, and limit switches; and
(j) other items as specified by the manufacturer.
March 2002 17
5.3.3 Annual Inspection

This inspection shall be performed annually or after 700 h of use, whichever comes first. A complete
inspection of the aerial platform shall be performed by a qualified person. The inspection shall comply
with the requirements of Clauses 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 and shall include, but not be limited to, all critical and
suspect areas and all accessible structural elements and welds, such as the following:
(a) outrigger and outrigger housing (boxes), including the underside of the housing;
(b) platform rotating mechanism;
(c) main turret rotating mechanism, including the condition and torque of the ring gear bolts;
(d) brakes;
(e) all tie down points;
(f) boom sections, pins, cylinder rod ends, and levelling devices;
(g) switches for wiring and all electrical connections; and
(h) other items as specified by the manufacturer.
5.3.4 Structural Inspection

5.3.4.1
A structural inspection shall be required to verify the structural integrity of critical components of the
aerial platform and its stability as originally manufactured in accordance with the Standard in effect at the
time of manufacture.
5.3.4.2
Structural inspection shall be performed
(a) 10 years after the date of manufacture and every 5 years thereafter. This requirement shall take effect
on January 1, 2003;
(b) after any actual, suspected, or potential damage is sustained during an incident that could potentially
affect the structural integrity or stability of the aerial platform. Such incidents may include electrical
contact, shock loads, fall arrest, collision, or cases of overstressing or stability failure; and
(c) after a change of ownership, unless a complete service history is provided, including maintenance
and inspection records.
5.3.4.3
The structural inspection shall be carried out under the direction of a professional engineer. The aerial
platform shall be certified to meet the requirements of this Standard or earlier editions of this Standard in
effect at the date of manufacture.
5.3.4.4
The inspection shall
(a) consider the service history of the aerial platform in terms of hours of service, severity, and number
and variability of users;
(b) review the inspection and maintenance record of the aerial platform;
(c) verify the effectiveness of all operating controls;
(d) perform a visual inspection of the aerial platform; and
(e) consider recommendations of the manufacturer relevant to the aerial platform.
5.3.4.5
Depending on the results from Clause 5.3.4.3, certification may include
(a) visual inspection of structural welds;
(b) nondestructive testing of critical components; and
(c) stability tests where modification, alteration, or damage is suspected.
Note: The fall arrest overturning test in Clause 4.6.6 is excluded from the stability tests in Item (c).
18 March 2002
5.3.4.6
Visual weld inspection shall be performed and documented by a person qualified to the requirements of
CSA Standard W178.2 or by other persons qualified to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction.
5.3.4.7
Critical, suspect areas and other inconsistencies identified shall be further examined by an appropriate
nondestructive test method by a person(s) qualified to the requirements of CGSB Standard
CAN/CGSB-48.9712.
5.4 Maintenance
5.4.1 Preventative Maintenance Program

A preventative maintenance program shall be established in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations and based on the environment and severity of use of the aerial platform. The
preventative maintenance program shall include the inspection as required in Clause 5.3. All
malfunctions and problems identified shall be corrected before the aerial platform is returned to service.
All maintenance shall be performed by a qualified person.
5.4.2 Maintenance Safety Precautions

Before adjustments and repairs are started on an aerial platform, the following precautions shall be taken
as applicable:
(a) The power plant stopping and starting means shall be rendered inoperative.
(b) All controls shall be in the OFF position, and all operating systems shall be secured from inadvertent
motion by brakes, blocks, or other means.
(c) Elevating and rotating assembly and platform shall be lowered to the full down position, if possible,
or otherwise secured by blocking or cribbing to prevent dropping.
(d) Hydraulic oil pressure shall be relieved from all hydraulic circuits before loosening or removing
hydraulic components.
(e) Safety props or latches shall be installed where applicable as prescribed by the manufacturer.
(f) Other precautions shall be undertaken as specified by the manufacturer.
6. Safe Operating Practices

6.1 General
The safe operation of an aerial platform shall encompass
(a) the proper selection of an aerial platform in terms of capacity, reach, on-slab off-slab application, and
environmental conditions;
(b) a qualified person trained in the inspection, application, and operation of the aerial platform;
(c) controlling and/or minimizing hazards; and
(d) emergency procedures.
6.2 Workplace Inspection

Before the aerial platform is used and during use, the area in which the aerial platform is to be used shall
be inspected for possible hazards such as, but not limited to
(a) dropoffs or holes;
(b) slope(s);
(c) bumps and floor obstructions;
(d) debris;
(e) overhead obstructions and electrical conductors;
(f) hazardous atmospheres;
March 2002 19
(g) inadequate surface and support to withstand all load forces imposed by the aerial platform in all
operating configurations;
(h) wind and weather conditions; and
(i) other possible unsafe conditions.
6.3 Prior to Each Operation

Prior to each operation
(a) all occupants of the aerial platform shall wear appropriate personal safety equipment for the
conditions, including the environment in which the aerial platform will be operated;
(b) stabilizers such as outriggers, extendable axles, or other stability enhancing means shall be used as
required by the manufacturer;

(c) guardrails and access gates or openings shall be closed or in appropriate positions in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions; and
(d) the load and its distribution on the platform and any platform extension shall be in accordance with
the manufacturer’s rated load for that specific configuration.
6.4 During Operation

The aerial platform shall be operated in accordance with Clauses 6.4.1 to 6.4.23.
6.4.1 Fall Protection

6.4.1.1 Guardrail System
Principal fall protection is provided by the guardrail system. Guardrails shall be installed and positioned
and access gates or openings shall be closed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Operators and occupants shall ensure that all components of the guardrail are in place and secured.
6.4.1.2 Personal Fall Arrest System

All occupants of the aerial platform shall wear a fall arrest system. The fall arrest system shall allow
workers to move around the platform but provide a minimum of lanyard slack. The fall arrest system shall
be connected to the anchorage as provided on the aerial platform in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. The fall arrest system shall include a full body harness and a lanyard arranged so that in the
event of a fall, the forces applied to the worker shall not exceed 6 kN (1350 lbf).
6.4.2 Slope and Grade

The aerial platform shall not be operated in any manner on grades, side slopes, or ramps exceeding the
recommendations of the manufacturer.
6.4.3 Deployment of Stability Enhancing Devices

Outriggers, stabilizers, extendable axles, oscillating axles, or other stability enhancing means shall be
deployed and locked into place as required by the manufacturer. Where outriggers are used to level the
chassis, they shall be deployed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and limitations.
6.4.4 Distribution of Load

The load and its distribution on the platform and any platform extension(s) shall be in accordance with
the manufacturer’s rated load for that specific configuration.
The aerial platform shall not be used to support a load that exceeds the platform dimensions and where
the centre of gravity is higher than the top guardrail unless approved by the manufacturer.
6.4.5 Maintaining Overhead Clearance

The operator shall ensure adequate clearance is maintained from overhead obstructions and energized
electrical conductors and parts.
20 March 2002
6.4.6 Hazardous Atmospheres

Where an aerial platform is operated in a hazardous atmosphere, the aerial platform shall be in
compliance with ANSI/NFPA Standard 505.
6.4.7 Electrical Hazards

The operator shall maintain the minimum safe approach distance (MSAD) from energized conductors at
all times in accordance with the authority having jurisdiction.
6.4.8 Misuse of Equipment

Occupants shall not stand or climb on the midrail or toprail of the aerial platform. The use of planks,
ladders, or any other devices on the work platform for achieving additional height or reach shall be
prohibited.
6.4.9 Precaution for Other Moving Equipment

Warnings such as, but not limited to, flags, roped-off areas, flashing lights, and barricades shall be used as
appropriate when other moving equipment and vehicles are present.
6.4.10 Rated Loads

Rated load capacities shall not be exceeded when loads are transferred to the platform at any height.
6.4.11 Fuelling
The engine (if applicable) shall be shut down before fuelling. Fuelling shall be done in a well-ventilated
area free of flame, sparks, or other hazards that may cause fire or explosion.
6.4.12 Battery Charging

Batteries shall be charged only in a well-ventilated area free of flame, sparks, or other hazards that may
cause fire or explosion.
6.4.13 Improper Platform Stabilization

The aerial platform shall not be positioned against another object to steady the platform.
6.4.14 Misuse as a Crane

The aerial platform shall not be used as a crane unless approved by the manufacturer.
6.4.15 Unusual Operating Support Conditions

The aerial platform shall not be operated from a position on trucks, trailers, railway cars, floating vessels,
scaffolds, or similar equipment unless the application is approved in writing by the manufacturer or a
professional engineer.
6.4.16 Travel Speeds

The operator shall limit travel speed according to conditions, including the condition of the support
surface, congestion, visibility, slope, location of personnel, and other factors leading to hazards that may
cause a collision or result in potential injury to personnel.
6.4.17 Elevated Driving Requirements

Before and during driving while the platform is elevated, the operator shall
(a) maintain a clear view of the support surface and route of travel;
(b) ensure personnel in the worksite area that may be affected are aware of the movement,
communicating and manoeuvring the aerial platform as required to protect against personal injury;
March 2002 21
(c) maintain a safe distance from obstacles, debris, dropoffs, holes, depressions, ramps, and other
hazards, to ensure safe travel; and
(d) operate in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
6.4.18 Interference with Safety Devices

Interlocks or other safety devices shall not be altered or disabled.
6.4.19 Snagged Platform

If the aerial platform or any part of the machine becomes caught, snagged, or otherwise prevented from
normal motion by adjacent structures or other obstacles such that control reversal does not free the aerial
platform, all personnel shall be removed from the platform before attempts are made to free the aerial
platform using the lower controls or other safe means.
6.4.20 Carrying Materials

Tools and materials shall be properly secured and evenly distributed on the platform.
6.4.21 Adequate Surfaces

The aerial platform shall be operated only on surfaces as specified by the manufacturer.
6.4.22 Misuse as a Jack

The platform of the aerial platform shall not be used to jack the wheels off the ground unless the machine
is designed for that purpose by the manufacturer.
6.4.23 Leaving the Aerial Platform Unattended

The aerial platform shall not be stored or left unattended in the elevated position unless approved by the
manufacturer.
7. Operator Training
7.1 Training Requirements
Only qualified personnel who have been trained and familiarized in the inspection, application, and
operation of an aerial platform, including the recognition and avoidance of hazards associated with their
operation, shall operate an aerial platform. Such items covered in the training shall include, but not be
limited to, the following topics:
(a) the purpose and location of the manuals;
(b) the proper storage of operating manuals on the aerial platform;
(c) the inspection requirements of the aerial platform;
(d) the inspection of the work area prior to operating the aerial platform;
(e) the responsibility for reporting and recording problems or malfunctions affecting the operation of
the aerial platform;
(f) the factors affecting the stability of the aerial platform, including backward stability;
(g) fall protection requirements;
(h) loading and unloading procedures for transport;
(i) emergency procedures;
(j) slope warning system;
(k) multiple rated work loads;
(l) the purpose of placards and decals;
(m) the safety rules and regulations governing the operation of the aerial platform;
(n) the requirement for authorization to operate the aerial platform;
(o) the identification of hazards associated with the operation of the aerial platform;
22 March 2002
(p) operator warnings and instructions;

(q) actual operation of the aerial platform under direction of a qualified person; and
(r) proper procedures for material loading.
7.2 Demonstration of Proficiency

Under the direction of a qualified person, the trainee shall operate the aerial platform to demonstrate
proficiency in the operation of the aerial platform. Operator training shall include the requirements
specified in Clause 6.
7.3 Proof of Training

Upon successful completion of training, the trainee shall be provided with a document indicating proof of
training. The document shall include the following information:
(a) the name of the entity providing the training or retraining;
(b) the name of the trainer(s);
(c) clear identification that the training covered the specific type of aerial platform to be operated;
(d) the date the training took place; and
(e) the name of the person trained.
The proof of training document shall be kept with the operator while operating the aerial platform.
7.4 Familiarization Training

In addition to the training requirements, when an operator is directed to operate an aerial platform with
which he/she is not familiar, the operator shall receive instructions regarding the purpose and function of
all controls, safety devices, operating characteristics, and the location of the operating manual.
7.5 Retraining
Operators shall be retrained at intervals as determined by the employer or by the authority having
jurisdiction.
7.6 Trainer/Instructor
The trainer shall be a qualified person with the ability to deliver the subject matter in a clear and coherent
manner.
March 2002 23
Appendix A
Illustrations of Aerial Platforms
Note: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
Telescoping Boom Articulating Boom

with Outriggers
Articulating/Telescoping Boom Telescoping Boom with

(Rotational Swing) Articulating Platform
Figure A1
Examples of Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms
(See Clause 2.)
24 March 2002
Appendix B
Illustrations of Stability Testing Protocols
Note: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
150% RWL
Configuration of the
boom, platform, and
chassis to be in the
most adverse stability
configuration
Notes:
(1) The centre of gravity for all test loads shall be located 0.15 m (6 in) above the platform and 0.30 m (12 in) from
the edge of the downhill side to cause the most adverse stability configuration. This illustration does not necessarily
represent the most adverse stability configuration.
(2) RWL = rated work load.
Figure B1
Illustration of Load Test on Level Surface
(See Clauses 4.6.1 and 4.6.2.)
March 2002 25
Load varies from

0 to RWL
Minimum horizontal force

of 223 N (50 lbs) per rated number
of occupants; 15% of the RWL or
666 N (150 lbs), whichever is greater
Configuration of
the boom, platform, and
configuration
Slope = 5º greater than the rated slope
Notes:
(1) This illustration shows a unit in a backward stability configuration. This illustration does not necessarily
(2) The horizontal load shall be applied at the top of the guardrail.
(3) The centre of gravity of the vertical test load shall be located 0.15 m (6 in) above the platform and 0.30 m (12 in)
from the edge on the downhill side to cause the most adverse stability configuration.
Figure B2
Illustration of Horizontal Load Test on Slope
(See Clauses 4.6.1 and 4.6.3.1.)
26 March 2002
Test load at 0
and 1.33% of RWL
Configuration of
the boom, platform, and
configuration
Slope = 5º greater than the rated slope
Notes:
(1) This illustration shows a unit in a backward stability configuration. This illustration does not necessarily
(2) The centre of gravity of the vertical test load shall be located 0.15 m (6 in) above the platform and 0.30 m (12 in)
from the edge on the downhill side to cause the most adverse stability configuration.
Figure B3
Illustration of Load Test on Slope
(See Clauses 4.6.1 and 4.6.3.2.)
March 2002 27
136 kg (300 lbs)

test mass
Anchorage point as
specified by the
manufacturer
450 mm
(18 in)
1.2 m
(47.2 in)
Configuration of the
boom, platform, and
configuration
Position of test mass

after drop test
Level surface
Note: The test lanyard shall be routed over the top guardrail.
Figure B4
Illustration of Fall Arrest Overturning Test
(See Clause 4.6.6.)
28 March 2002
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Title: Self-Propelled Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms — originally published

The following revisions have been formally approved:

Revised Outside front cover, inside front cover, title page

March 2002 iii–viii and 1–28

May 2003 Cover, title page, and copyright page

! Update your copy by inserting these revised pages.

(approved May 2003)

Elevating Work Platforms

A National Standard of Canada

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Published in March 2002 by Canadian Standards Association

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Title: Self-Propelled Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms

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Elevating Work Platforms

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Technical Committee on Elevating Work Platforms vi

1. Scope and Purpose 1

4. Design and Manufacture Criteria 6

March 2002 iii

4.14.2 Battery Location 14

5. Inspection and Maintenance 16

6. Safe Operating Practices 19

6.4.8 Misuse of Equipment 21

6.4.19 Snagged Platform 22

Technical Committee on Elevating

J.J. Wilkinson Ontario Ministry of Labour, Chair

F.X. Hardy Electrical Safety Authority, Vice-Chair

R. Balbaa Hite Engineering Corporation,

V. Bodnar Carpenters District Council of Ontario,

P. Bourque Workplace Health, Safety & Compensation

K. Chan Workers’ Compensation Board of

M.P. Coleman International Association of Bridge

R.M. Curtin Genie Industries Incorporated,

V. Dequoy Hydro Mobile, Associate

L. Desbois Commission de la santé et de la sécurité

M. Duchesneau Plafolift André Picard Inc.,

D.W. Eckstine Grove Worldwide,

C.D. Elliott Toronto, Ontario

S.I. Forgas JLG Industries Inc.,

J. Gordon Klimer Platforms Inc., Associate

G. Haessler Skyjack Inc.,

G. Hildebrand Manitoba Department of Labour,

B. Hill I.B.E.W. Construction Council of Ontario,

G. Isaac Conam Quantum Inspection and Testing,

C. Jeans British Columbia Hydro,

C. L’Heureux Les Produits Fraco Ltée, Associate

G. MacLeod Skyrider Equipment,

A. Marchant Alimak Elevator Company, Associate

D. Reilly Hydro One,

E. Ryan Bracknell Corporation,

D. Snaith Construction Safety Association of Ontario,

R. Townsend Edmonton Pipe Trades JATC,

P. Young Snorkel Economy,

R. Meyers CSA, Project Manager

March 2002 vii

viii March 2002