© osch DISPLACEMENT VOLUME OF A GEAR PUMP HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 4 TUTORIAL 7 {GD tearnwne Tories | Displacement volume of a hydraulic pump, ‘What is the displacement volume of a hydraulic pump. ‘What is the principle of operation of a hydraulic gear pump. How to determine the displacement volume and the flow rate of the gear pump. Se COMMON PROBLEMS THAT LEARNERS HAVE PROBLEM: CORRECT DIRECTION OF THE ROTATION OF THE GEARS IN THE GEAR PUMP: a typical misunderstanding is the correct direction of the rotation of the gears in the pump. This is so, because beginners confuse the mode of operation of the gear pump. A common wrong impression is, that while rotating in the opposite direction, the teeth "grab" working liquid from the suction input (A) and "push" it towards the injection output (B). itis helpful to explain, that the volume, trapped in the space between two teeth, each from different gears is very small, compared to the volume, trapped between the tooth space of a single gear and the body of the pump. This is also the explanation of the reverse action of the gear pumps. PROBLEM: HOW DOES THE GEAR PUMP SUCK THE WORKING FLUID : Very often beginners in hydraulics can not understand the mechanism by means of which the gear pump sucks working fluid from the tank. Confusion appears also in the fact, that while rotating, the gear teeth seems to “push” the working fluid backwards i.e, to the tank. It is helpful to explain, that the volume, which the teeth capture and “push” round the body of the pump is much bigger than the one, that is actually "pushed" back towards the tank. AS a consequence, vacuum appears in the suction input (A) of the pump. SOLUTIONS TO THE PRACTICAL WORK 1. Preparatory work: ‘The correct solution to the schematics of the hydraulic circuit using BOSCH magnetic symbols of modular hydraulic components, and the assembled hydraulic circuit, corresponding to the schematics is given in the figures below. Circuit diagram of the hydraulic system Picture of the vertical stacking assembled with modular BOSCH components circuit with modular BOSCH components TUK so8.t0ee BOSCH DISPLACEMENT VOLUME OF A GEAR PUMP HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 5 Correct answers to experimental results are given herein » 2. Experimentation. C7 calculate the mean stroke time tay using the formula, given underneath and fill the value in the table; eles pees 3 Values of the time, needed for a whole stroke of the cylinder rod ts | t2s | ts | Meanstroketime fay 8 174 | 476 | 1,74 1,75 NOTE: Values for ty, tz, tz and fay may vary slightly, but should be close to the values given above. read the value of the rotational speed electric motor (EM) given on the plate, mounted on the body of > 2 the motor. Fill the value in the space provided ; the formula : som*lrev, where V___ - displacement volume, cm*/rev 7363 - correction coefficient n—_- Totational speed, min’ toy mean stroke time, s 312___, em*rev V= 7383 7355 — 775 = D e NOTE: The values for V, may vary slightly, as it depends on fay but should be close to the value given above. C7 calcutate the flow rate of the pump using the formula Vin g=—., iin, where E 1000 gq - flowrate Vv = displacement volume, cm*/rev n - rotational speed, mi vt 3,12 1350 4,21 ca min NOTE: The values for q, may vary slightly, as it depends on V, but should be close to the value given above. TUK s08.d0ee BOSCH DISPLACEMENT VOLUME OF A GEAR PUMP. HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 6 @ _ conctusions y) z Correct answers to conclusions are given herein. ‘The displacement volume of the pump V shows the volume of working liquid produced for _one revolution by the gear pump. “The flow-rate q will increase ifthe rotational speed ofthe electrical motor _increases The flow-rate q will decrease if the rotational speed of the electrical motor __ decreases ‘The displacement volume Vis a hydraulic characteristic of the gear pump, while the rotational speed is a mechanical characteristic of the latter.® soscu 4/3 DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 7 TUTORIAL 2 (BD tearwwne ToPics 4/3 Directional control valve. ‘What are directional control valves. How to distribute flow rate using a 4/3 direct control valve, How reverse action on double action cylinder is achieved, COMMON PROBLEMS THAT LEARNERS HAVE PROBLEM: WHAT DOES 4/3 EXACTLY MEAN: Some confusion appears in the 4/3 notation included in the name of the vaive. It is helpful to explain that the number 4 indicates the quantity of service outlets, whereas the number 3 - the possible switching positions of the distributing element of the valve. Give examples with other directional control valves such as 2/2 and 3/2 to illustrate the concept of number of outlets/number of positions notation. PROBLEM: HOW ARE OUTLETS (P) AND (T) CONNECTED WHEN THE DISTRIBUTING ELEMENT IS IN NEUTRAL POSITION: Sometimes the learners do not notice the internal canals in the distributing element ‘which connect the (P) and (T) outlet, when the distributing element is in "o" position. Focus their attention on the principal cross-section drawing, where this specific solution is indicated. ‘SOLUTIONS TO THE PRACTICAL WORK 4. Preparatory work: The correct solution to the schematics of the hydraulic circuit using BOSCH magnetic symbols of modular hydraulic components, and the assembled hydraulic circuit, corresponding to the schematics is given in the figures below. Circuit diagram of the hydraulic system re of the vertical stacking assembled with modular BOSCH components circuit with modular BOSCH componentse BOSCH 4/3 DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 8 2. Experimentation. Correct answers to experimental results are given herein. ‘Table with the experimentation results Postion ofthe directional | Cylinder Movement Pressure - Pe bar control valve Tothe left [Tothe right | Stop | Movement | At end of stroke Aye pei ke TH no no o 5 5 ae. o> [ati no yes o ‘ 40 ry Os yes no ° rl 4 qT CONCLUSIONS 5 Correct answers to conclusions are given herein ‘When switching the 4/3 directional control valve to position “a” or "b", motion of the cylinder rod initiates because pressure is fed to one of the cylinder areas, where as the other area is. connected to tank. ‘When switching the 4/3 directional control valve to position “o" from position “a” or "b", the motion of the cylinder rod will stop because _ the flow of the hydraulic fluid will be blocked. At the end of the stroke when holding the lever of the 4/3 directional control valve to position “a” or " pressure Pe increments to the value of 40 bar whichis equal __compared to the value of the relief valve preset. By UK Soe—— pressure, pre-set on the relief valve. ‘When closing the throttle valve entirely the pressure in the hydraulic system will be ® soscu THROTTLE VALVE - PART 1 HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 10 2. Experimentation. ‘ Correct answers to experimental results are given herein. Y , rev 4 zi 3 4 5 6 7 8 40 Pe. bar 54 42 33 25 19 14 10 6 0 A 60 Ps . a 50 40 30 20 10 ° 0 1 2 3 5 8 10 11 12 , rev. 10" @ _ conctusions = (ein the missing txt in the conclusions) Reducing the throttling area by means of turning the screw of the throttle valve clockwise leads to the __ of the pressure in the hydraulic system. __ tothe® soscu THROTTLE VALVE - PART 2 HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 11 9 TUTORIAL 4 Learnine Topics Throttle valve - part 2. How the flow rate depends on the pressure in specific parts of hydraulic systems. How to determine the control flow characteristics of a throttle valve SE COMMON PROBLEMS THAT LEARNERS HAVE At this level itis not expected, that the learners will have problems in understanding the purpose and mode of operation of the throttle valve. Later, some confusion may appear in finding the difference between throttle valves and relief valves. Tips of overcoming such problems will appear in the appropriate place in this manual SOLUTIONS TO THE PRACTICAL WORK 4. Preparatory work: The correct solution to the schematics of the hydraulic circuit using BOSCH magnetic symbols of modular hydraulic components, and the assembled hydraulic circuit, corresponding to the schematics is given in the figures below. iagram of the hydraulic system Picture of the vertical stacking assembled circuit with modular BOSCH components with modular BOSCH components 74.UK s0ndoee BOSCH THROTTLE VALVE - PART 2 HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 12 2. Experimentation. Correct answers to experimental results are given herein. Ci calculate the values of q for each set of Per, Pe2, At, and Ap,2, using the following expression q= 294s «min , where H,m = travelling distance of the cylinder rod ‘At.s _~ _ time needed by the cylinder rod to travel from the right most to the left most position 28.45 | - correction coefficient Fill the values of qj in the appropriate cells of the table ; 0 0 0 0 At s o | 79 | 54 | 37 | 27 | 22 | o | 144] 98 | 74 | 54 | 48 Apy2, bar | 0 5 [| 1 | 2 | 35 | 50 | o | 5 | to | 20 | 35 | 50 q.vmin. [0 [0,932 | 4,485 | 2,010 [ 2,710 | 3,347 | 0 | 0,810 | 0,756 | 1,000 | 7,363 | 1,636 Pes,2(@) for ay = 1 and et petal TT Petz, 5 bar a " 50 40 30 20 ( 10 oto boas 0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 iy Uerin Y CONCLUSIONS = (rnin tho missing textin the conclusions) ‘The control flow characteristic of a throttle valve is a _ hydraulic. characteristic. Reducing the throtting area by means of turning the screw of the throttle valve clockwise leads to the decrease of the flow rate through the throttle valve. ( ‘Ye.uK san.doee BOSCH PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 13 @& [wrenats (GD tearnine Topics Pressure relief valve, How to protect hydraulic components and hydraulic power systems from damages due to pressure overload. What is the pressure control function of the pressure relief valve at 4p1,2 = Ap2(a) and q being constant. She COMMON PROBLEMS THAT LEARNERS HAVE PROBLEM: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MODE OF OPERATION OF THROTTLE VALVES AND RELIEF VALVES: Learners sometime do not make difference between the mode of operation of throttle valves and relief valves. This is mainly because, the manipulation of pre-setting of both hydraulic elements is the same - turning a regulating screw. It must be explained, that in throttle valves, turning the regulating screw sets the value of a throttling area, where as in relief valves the same operation leads to developing a spring force based on the shrinkage of the linear dimension of the spring, L a SOLUTIONS TO THE PRACTICAL WORK 4. Preparatory work: ‘The correct solution to the schematics of the hydraulic circuit using BOSCH magnetic symbols of modular hydraulic components, and the assembled hydraulic circuit, corresponding to the schematics is given in the figures below. Circuit diagram of the hydraulic system Picture of the vertical stacking assembled with modular BOSCH components circuit with modular BOSCH components y| @e BOSCH PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE HS2 SOLUTION GUIDE 14 2. Experimentation. Correct answers to experimental results are given herein. Table with experimental results @ rev o 0,5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 [pe.bar | o | 5 | 8 | 18 | 21 | 2 | 35 | 42 | 48 | 54 | 59 4 60 Ce 50 40 30 2 e 10 ° mea o 05 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 @, rev CONCLUSIONS 8 (Fi inthe missing text in the conclusions) Reducing the throttling area by means of turning the screw of the throttle vaive clockwise leads to the Increase ___ of the pressure in the hydraulic system, v When closing the throttle vaive entirely the pressure in the hydraulic system will be pressure, pre-set on the relief valve. TUK SO