FUNKCTIONS & FIELD OF APPLICATION: This testing equipment is a sliding wear tribometer consisting of parts explained under machine construction. Ie is fally guarded for operator safety Ie covers the determination of the wear & frictional force in sliding contact application. On this equipment steel pin reciprocate against steel plate. The load, speed and duration of test are selected according to test requirement. The wear on the stationery pin is measured after completion of test. 42 Field of application: This equipment is suitable for evaluating the wear. It can also be used for evaluating the co-efficient of friction on metals Features and benefits: ‘Tester evaluates dry/Lubricated friction & wear characteristics on all materials. Acquire and store test data of temperature, frictional force & cof. (On line measurement & display of frequency, temperature & frictional force. Setting of exact test duration and auto-shut off after completion of set duration. Frequency variable from 2 to SOH2. Q In ease of any doubt manufacturer has to be consulted regarding applications. ‘Seanned with CamScannerINSTRUCTION MANUAL ‘TECHNICAL DATA & SPECIFICATION SL Specifications: S.LL__ Customer specification: Parameter ‘Specification Ball on plate (Point contact) Plane on plane ( area contact) Pin on plate (area contact) ‘Scroke Tengeh E180" S0jum to 6mm Load range O.SN to 200N Frequency range 2 to 50H Frictional force range TOON, least count O.IN ‘Specimen heating 280°C. Ketype thermocouple Interfaces NU card 6221 ‘National instruments Sofware WINDUCOM_2010 Compatible with Window 7 I. Contact configurations b. 13. Oscillatory movement of servomotor Manual loading Piezoelectric sensor ecifcation & power requirements Part detail < Make ‘Schneider electric Capacity LO7kw 248Nm) Servo Motor | “oP Sees Taput supply 220 V, Iph.538A Make Schneider electric Capaciey 1.0 Kw Tnput 220V, 8.44, 50-60F2 Out pur TO kw, continuous: 6A, peak T3A ELCB | Specification Make : Hager, 25A, S 7 230V x 10x 50 Ha; 16A, -INO's For tecer scenic SUPP ly 230V x SOHz x 10; SA : for water pump Power required TS kw Plug spec Spin, 230V, 16K Cable spec 3 core, 1.55q Heater Spee | Make: nextthamal: 100W, de 24V, ©6.35mm x 40mm long. duo's Transformer | _ Spee Make : Glastronics, Pri 0-230V, Sec 230V, 05A ‘Make: CRY DOM i/p: 32VDC :0/p: 060VDC 6ADC SSR for eS ES drive enable and for heater- 2NO'S i/p: 230V, SOH oy ope 24V DC PCI 6221 Servo Drive Power supply National instruments. TOM RSTRNT UT 4 IASE, MEENA INDUSTRIAL AREA, ‘Seanned with CamScannerINSTRUCTION MANUAL | Mechanical s Pare detail Range Top specimen & holders + 1. spherical balls of O3, O4, O5, 06, O8, O10 & O12mm E-52100 steel , hardened: GOHRC xball holder size: 03, O4, O5, 06, OS, O10 & OL2mm . Pin of O3, O4, OS, O6, O8, O10 & Ol 2mm( pin holder size: ASTM G204 6.3mm; 3._cylindrical specimen, Moving Sample Specim a specimen | C)liAdtical pin and step | O3 pin ‘OF pin holder Cop pin of ms, al, bs OF pin OF pin holder Specamen) | Bal (OS pin O05 pin holder uy (06 pin (OG pin holder ‘OS pin (O8 pin holder ‘O10 pin ‘O10 pin holder ‘O12 pin O12 pin holder ‘O16 x OSmm step pin (08 pin holder [O20xOSmm step pin (O8 pin holder Bottom Sample & holders ‘Shape of specimen ‘Sample sizes Holder sizes ‘spacer Rectangular TOx 106 &10mmechk | 10x 10mm. $2xS2x 2mm TS x 15x 6&10mm; ISx thick ae 25x25 x 610mm; | 25x25mm | & 1 Goto 40x40x6 810mm [40x 40mm | 52x52x4mm specimen) 52 x52 x 6&10mm 52x 52mm thick ” | Round dise O8 O8 disc holder O10 O10 disc holder 020 (020 disc holder (O24 (O24 dise holder Holders for ASTM standard ‘ASTM _| Top specimen Top holder | Bottom specimen Bottom holder D-5707 10mm ball , E- 010mm ball Disc O24 x 7.85mm_ O24 disc holder 52100 steel ,60hre holder thick , E-52100 steel, | 60Hre, 0.45 c0 0.65; lapped j D-6079 | O6mm ball, SAE 6400 | 6mm ball | disc OTOmmSAE ‘OlOmm dise f Steel, 66HRe, holder 6400stee, holder ! 30HV polished to 0.02, D-7594 | O10mm ball, E- O1Omm ball [Disc O24x 785mm | O24 disc holder 52100 steel ,60hre | holder thick, E-52100 steel, 60Hrc, lapped to different surface finish G20F | O6immx222mm | O63mmpin | 32x8x3mmA2sed, | 32x32 mm long cylindrical: pin , | holder GOHRe sample holder $2100 steel 60hre TO SIRENS OT TESTER TAT] AAT PHLASE ENYA INDUSTRIAL ARE " EMME dani WHITE wd was CUSTOMER SERVICE -#t4ttonnnd E20 ‘Seanned with CamScanner| : 30 jan vo Gm 2 | Seroke lengch woke length set on sofiware sereen, stroke achieved | by angle of oscillation by servomotor T:I loading ratio ; | |_3 | Loading ratio nana ond by deal wt | naa Make Cenlube , lit capaciey , with fine adjusting aenanseae valve to set very low discharge at 50 drops/sec 3__[ Base plate height from floor 85min 4 | disc holder height from base plate 35mm S| Top specimen holder height from base plate 45mm. 6 | Loading lever height from base plate 120mm j 7 | Bortom dise adaptor size 75 x 75 x 10mm height | 3 | Overall machine size 760 x 500 x 831mm 9 [Machine weight ‘Sensor specification Parameter Deal Remarks anny Range Max 05.200N manual losding | _by dead weights 01020510208 30kg Range Min 2He max SOF Tease count | 0.1 rpm Speed “Accuracy (0.1 = 1% measured value) Ha Sensor Encoder Output from servo drive Range SOjum-Gmm _ set on software screen ‘Sensor Displacement sensor, make : Schneider; Tele machanige Stroke XS4P30ABI20 Teast count Om Accuracy (OLE 1% measured value) mam Range Ambisnero 280°C Teast coune [PC Pl eopeetire of ‘Accuracy LE 1% measured rompers) C Bottom sample ‘Sensor PT 100 sensor Display On sofware Range Max 440N. Tease count | 20mNN Frictional force Accuracy (0.02 £ 1% measured frictional force) N Sensor Piezoelectric sensor CO2 make: PCB, order nos 2OSCOZ-ION. ‘Seanned with CamScanner6. SERVICE REQUIREMENTS 61 Sie ares Size of machine 760 x 500 x 830 mm Total area required 1600 x 1200 mm Weight of equipment (all together) Tester = 62 Electrical power supply system Power supply for main switch Iphase, 230 V, SOHz, T6A = Current rating required T6A Power rating required 15 Kw 230 Vxl phx 50 Hzx 6A =4{ 3no’s for computer & Total no of power points required Ino for water pump to cool spindle} 230 V x I phx SO Hz x 16A = I for tester Pla for electrical cable 1.5oq mm, Jeon Plag suiting the a poi acter place from where 63 Air supply not required: Continuous compressor air supply for cooling disc holder ‘ir requiremene Nor required Connection Not provided 64 Miscellaneous Items Required | ‘A epu having following minimum configuration, Pentium 4 processor, 80GB HDD , DVD RW , SI2 MB RAM, 2.8GHz with windows XP Operating system . system should have a PCI slot for introducing NI card ‘An optical mouse ‘Computer having following configuration A117" color monitor Computer table & chair Corton waste ‘kg for cleaning equipment before & after test Sample oil Fluid for conducting cese, Specimen ‘Top & bottom specimens TEE TRS Mat ‘Seanned with CamScannerDuc mM INSTRUCTION MAD | 8. DESCRIPTION 8.1 Description of equipment Reciprocatory friction monitor is supplied with its own floor-standing bench & with control unit, connected to 2 PC for seque control & data acquisition with software. The system provides sequence control of temperature, speed, data acquisition of measured parameters, The top specimen for test is mounted inside a reciprocating holder, different geometry of specimen accommodated by changing holders. The top specimen reciprocates against fixed lower specimen during rot | of motor , the reciprocating assembly is coupled to motor shaft and reciprocation motion is provided by the | oscillatory movement of motor ,the movement is pure sinusoidal motion up to 6mm stroke length. The top specimen is pulled down against the lower specimen to apply normal load by a lever mechanism with dead weight’s The bottom specimen holder is clamped over flexure , a peizo sensor is connected to base of flexure along the direction of reciprocation to measure instantaneous frictional force « PC based sequence programmable control & data acquisition. Th & WINDUCOM 2010 softy standard spread shect compatible file formats provided by an i Dita is stored to on PC, operating under windo Tests are defined by a sequence of steps, each step containing set point, recording rates & alarm levels information. Set points may be adjusted by step change or ramp. The test sequence is followed unless interrupted by operator or an alarm. Set point may also be adjusted manually using on screen toggles. 83 Teste Tester consists of, structure, reciprocating mechanism, loading arrangement, top and bottom specimen hold: mechanical assemblies for reciprocating mechanism, for applying normal load through loading lever and for clamping top & bottom specimens are all mounted above the base plate. All the elecrrical & electronic for tester operation are housed within the structure. The structure is fitted with anti-vibration pads az bottom to absorb small vibrations induced during reciprocation. ‘Seanned with CamScannerINSTRUC ON MANUAL oscillation motion of motor, a servo motor provides oscillatory nn, it is mounted vertically below base plate, the motor shaft is coupled to the reciprocating rod with link mechanism .The reciprocating rod is housed inside LM GUIDES at extreme ends supported on bracket, the 'eciprocating rod passes through the eye of flat loading arm with specimen holder , the arm is fastened at the middle of recipr rod carries loading arm along with it, ing rod between bracket. The moving reciprocatin since the arm is hinged at F iged at one end by rod , it is opened for easy accessibility for changing specimen, the initial load due to self-weight of arm & holder acting 12 specimen is counter balanced by a counter weight arrangement with pulley & dead weight’s The. stroke movement of loading | verent of loading arm is measured by non-contact type displacement sensor mounted in the axis movement. The output from sensor is displayed on software iMGabeaee ia ase | ° \e oper iS “ ia eee Fal? 3 es ecinen ie The top specimens are held inside holders and tightened to the face of loading arm, the bottom specimen are held inside holders & tig over oil pool adaptor, and the edges of adaptor are at higher level to retain oil during test. The adaptor is clamped over flexure, with a heater plate below it, ewo cartridge heaters are fitted on to the touch the bottom of 1en £0 280°C and a k-type thermocouple inserted to 20 sensor connects two limbs of flexure to measure frictional force during +s bottom specimen through loading lever with dead p specimen while dead weights are et, set of dead heater plate to heat oil & bottom sp A pie plied by top specimen ove shape with upper portion for pressing to lever slides freely vertically in a bush bearing on brack por fo measure temperature yeation. normal load is ap} loading lever is of L ada recipro weight’s, the I vended at lower portion. The loading susf eone af mass IN & 2N ate provided to apply normal load TELE oT a0 RSS MAIL sdacomé@alaous W TENTSIV (EENYA INDUSTRIAL AREA ‘Seanned with CamScannerINSTRUCTION MANUAL 84 Lubrication unit: A poly carbonite tank filled with oil for conducting test_it fitted on ides panel with an pipe running to the test area to supply oil drop by drop . A gear pum p supplies oil to a fine regulating valve to decrease the discharge t0 SOdrops/min , the used flow back into the tank for re-circulation. Lebration ei to mpl ol - bydop aed Loading lve with mapended eadeg p= 85 Humidity system “The entire arrangement of jars and 2 no's of solid state relay's (SSR) mounted at bottom of structure. The air from compressor is connected to Filter regulator with gauges pressure set on it is 3 kg/em*. This ait is distributed to two solenoid valves and air regulators; the discharge of air from regulator is pre-see in factory. The individual sir connection from solenoid pass into distilled water and ALOs jars. Air coming out of it is combined using T joine and passes into environment chamber. PID senses the present humidity value and sends suitable signal to SSR, which in turn open's solenoid valves 2/3 way fixed at bottom of structure. When humidity is less distilled water solenoid is opened and for decreasing humidity ALO: solenoid is opened. Thus by continuous opening and closing operation required humidity is achieved. “The activated alumina can be regenerated to its original absorption capacity by purging with hot gas at 350° co 600°F, a ‘Seanned with CamScannerre the to & fro “The piezo electric transducer is connected beeween eo limbs of parallel Beas of flerure to meas motion forces produced during reciprocation. To match the expected friction level in the contact 2 s TEIN! ie cclecred. The arrangement has a charge amplifier co convert the measured force to proportional pss filter, which fixes the upper pat cutoff frequency of measuFing 5 the signal for voltage output takes space in 2~ sage amplifier age amplifier is operated AC coupled. This eliminates the ensor rang voltage. This is followed by low | serves to suppress the resonance. Final scaling o| During higher frequency (>1 Hz) operation, the ch: effects of DC signal drift over a long time periods. “The signal is passed through a true RMS/DC converter amplifier & The final is true mean friction force. ‘The instantaneous signal friction is also made available Hz), stick-slip, single pass sliding, work with energy pul transducer the charge amplifier is operated in Quasi-staric sees, sufficiently long, when compare to typical measureme for viewing on oscilloscope. For low frequency siding (<1 Ise slide, roll adaptor & also from the calibration of DC couple. This gives signal decay times of 100000 int scales for 2er0 mot to hare moved significantly, during the measurement. 8.6.2 Temperature sensor: A ketype thermocouple is fixed to heater plate with the sensor tip touching the base of adapror exaclly below bottom specimen holder to measure temperature of lubricant. acement sensor: ¢ displacement sensor is mounted along the line of reciprocation to measure stroke length. The fed on the loading arm move through the sensing 8.6.3 Displ A capacitive typ siroke length is measured as the surface of L bend — mounc “Fotance of sensor. A gap of 10mm is maintained between the sensing edge and sensor tip. HEINYA INDUSTRIAL AR FA 2 ‘Seanned with CamScanner8.64 Humidity sensor ‘To measure the relative humidity within the test area. a sensor is mounted con the acrylic cover exposing the sensing arca near the test area. The ‘output from sensor is displayed on PID module fited on humidity chamber. This sensor is made by Hygrocip, it is placed near the surface where the Ihumiclgy is to be measured. The signal from sensor is ansmitted to PID ‘on humidity system and displayed onthe seren in Rh entero — a VS 8.7 Electronics controll The operation of tester is through controller consisting of a servo drive for motor, two de SSR, transformer & line filter for instrumentation card I-DAS card. The power & signals from & to controller are through cables. 230V, 10 power supply is given to tester through a 3pin socket, the supply is protected by a 25A ELCB fixed on power supply is gi igh a 3pi Ply is pr y side panel, 87.1 Working of tester When I6A ELCB is switched ON, 230V power supply passes to servo drive for motor rotation & another 230V supply to SMPS for de output, for heaters & flow switch. The 230V is step down to 24V DC inside SMPS and supplied to heater through a SSR, the SSR allows power supply to heater, only after HEATER ON icon is clicked on software screen. The output power from servo drive goes to motor only on receipt of signal from SSR, signal is ereated when RUN icon on software sereen is clicked, SSR gives signal depending on the speed value centered on software screen, the drive send a corresponding voltage to rotate motor. The motor is fitced wich encoder, during rotation the pulses are counted and output of encoder is transferred to PC to di ‘on sofeware screen. lay motor speed A 24V de out put is given to flow switch, in the event water flow rate reduces the relay cuts off power supply. The ouspue from peizo sensor is sent to peizo card for amplification and to filter card to suppress noise , the rectified output is sent to NICARD for display Pico cd Segoe i dese dane | ey weed 3 Pking Fez ayo waco ‘ ff pply “The 230V power supply to instrumentation is through a transformer step down to 15-0-15V & sent to mother board (I-DAS card), where the voltage is rectified & sent to all sensors. The output signals from temperature sensor is processed by I-DAS card and displayed on screen, [EE - Sass ‘Seanned with CamScannerINSTRUCTION MANUAL [2 =] 8.8 Data acquisition system WINDUCOM 2010: This rig has PC based sequ ce programmable control & data acquisition provided by an integrated NI eard with WINDUCOM 2010 sofware running on it, the software is compatible for windows Xp. The acquired daca is stored to hard disc in standard spread sheet compatible file formats. Tests are defined by a sequence of steps, each step containing set point, recording rates & alarm levels information. Set points may be adjusted by step change or ramp. The test sequence is followed unless interrupted by the ‘operator or an alarm. Set point may also be adjusted manually using on screen toggles. All test parameters required are set on PC scrcen, the measured parameter by sensor is processed & output is displayed on PC screen, these parameters are also stored for post valuation of results. To facilitate transferring & Processing data software written on CD is sent along with equipment. This software is in lab view format and its application is stored as WINDUCOM 2010. The software has two screens, acquire, and compare file. The acquire file is for receiving sensor data and displaying in digital and graphical form. The post evaluations of test results are through compare file. The compare file displays in graphic form single test parameter of four tests ‘Thus the software has two functions displaying acquired sensor values, & post evaluation test results. 8.9 Cables: Following cables are used for, Power input cable To supply power 230V from main source to machine. Mod bus cable: 9 pins D connector for transmitting signal from servo drive to PC and back ‘© Signal output Cable: 64 pins D type with male ends transmits conditional signal from controller to NI card on PC. TENSION OT Toa ENYA INDUSTRIAL AREA » EMMI ta ‘Seanned with CamScanner92 Select 921 of conditions, In this test method, the load is applied vertically downward through the top specimen against the horizontally mounted flat specimen. The normal load, stroke length, frequency of oscillation, test temperature, lubricant &test duration are selected. Im this test method a cylindrical pin or a spherical ball or step pin.slides against the rectangular/ square/ round flat specimen. The top specimen move in a linear back & forth sliding motion, under prescribed set Dimensional changes for both bull & fae specimens are used to calculate wear volumes & wear rates. Friction forces are measured during the test & may be used to assess changes in the contact conditions or the Kinetic friction coefficient as a function of time. Test. procedure: suitable Specimen & holder for test Top specimen & holders : Configuration Specimen holder Pin on plate (area contact) Fig 23 Cylindrial pin of ms, a, bs materials ©3 pin OF pin 5 pin (06 pin 8 pin O10 pin O12 pin OTS pin holder ‘step pin of ms, al, bs material 8 pin O10 pin O12 pin O16 x OBiam step pin (©20xO8mm step pin ‘O15 pin holder E-52100 bearing steel, hardened to 60HRC, Spherical ball of following sizes 3 ball (03 ball holder O+ ball (O4 ball holder O5 ball (05 ball holder G6 ball (06 ball holder (8 ball (08 ball holder ‘O10 ball ‘O10 ball holder O12 ball ‘O12 ball holder ‘Seanned with CamScanner= - DUICOmM INSTRUCTION MANUAL [=o 9.2.2 Fixed specimen (Bottom specimen) ‘Shape of specimen Sample sizes Holder sizes Rectangular 10x10x6 610mm | 10x [0mm S2x 52x thick ; 2mm thick 15 x 15x 6&10mm; 15 x [5mm a Sao Tein elosnt — [525m | S252 s 38 ml 2 40x 40x6 810mm and | 40x 40mm ‘tm thick ‘$2 x52 x 610mm 52x 52mm Cylinder /dise 8 08 disc holder O10 O10 disc holder 20 20 disc holder O24 024 disc holder zs 3 _ Specimen & holders detilS to be used for conducting texts according to ASTM test procedure [ASTM Top specimen Top holder | Bottom specimen D-5707 10mm ball, E- | @10mm | Disc 024 x 785mm. 52100 steel 0hre | ball holder | thick , E-52100 steel, 60Hrc, 0.45 co 0.6Sum lapped ‘GGrnm ball, SAE disc O10mmSAE 6400 Steel, 66HRe, 6400stee. 30HV polished to 0.02um. 10mm ball , E- Disc O24 x7.85mm_ 52100 steel ,60hre thick , E-S2100 steel, 6OFirc, lapped to different surface finish 6.3mm x22.2mm 32. x8 x 3mm A2 steel , long cylindrical; pin GOHRe , E-52100 steel 60hre Clean_specimen for test: Place the selected top bottom specimens in a clean beaker and place it in ult Tum off after 7 min Remove specimens and repeat the cleaning with acetone for two min. TEE RA TTT Seanned with CamScannerINSTRUCTION MAD Clamping top specimen to holder * Using forceps place top specimen between jaws of specimen holder and tighten screws * Tighten the specimen holder to lever arm, © Using forceps place bottom specimen inside holder & tighten to adaptor, ensure specimen seating is parallel 9S Installation humidity system if required : * Move the humidity system near the tester, with in Im radius * Remove from the system both acrylic jars & place on a table Unscrew to remove to remove top plate, fill with cooled ALO: balls [ALOs balls are to be heated inside oven for 3 rs at 100°C to remove water vapor and Cooled inside oven 4 hrs] & tighten top lid © Fill che 2 jar with distilled water leaving % empty space for air © Replace the jars in the respective position in th system and connect the air pipes to inl and outer ports * Connect air supply to FRL Unit on system © OnFRL set inlet pressure at 2.5 bar * Place the humidity sensor in the hole of arylic cover over tester and plug the eable socker to front panel on * Switch ON power to system, PID on the front panel display the measured humidity value inside the test chamber , enter required humidity value © If entered alue on PID screen is more than measured value, then air is inlet into the water jar and alvemarely if set value is less than measured value air enters ALOs jar and outlet to testing chamber “ x 2 aud ieee VICE” S444 OMARION Seanned with CamSeannerPrepare PC for test Open WINDUCOM 2010 : want | martin @. E48 sofware on PC, by: clicking Tm Sart am>WINDUCO i! & oa run continuously mode lick on ACQUIRE on top bar to open a new screen for data reeds cohen sereen to receive dam | | Miuiraecaniniraraimeoa fom sensor, the sensoe display | === Mammals co screen become active and show default values. On right hand side RUN icon appear NSTRUMENTATION POWER IS NOT SWITCHED ON, THE RUN" ICON WILL NKING/NOT APPEARING OAD \ S$ NOT ENTERED INTO SOFTWARE , THE COF DISPLAYED IS of sample is required, then enter in temperature window and click HEATER ON icon, immediately heating begin and che sample temperature rises , correspondingly display change on screen. Enter rest duration and frequency in respective window Encer load value into the window for calculating. co-efficient of friction E mney and stroke length in respective window Afver set temperature is reached & steady ace loading lever over top specimen holder & Place dead weights on loading pan to apply normal load 1c frictional force display on screen by pressing the [0] button. “The frictional force value is displayed as well as graph is ereated on line, Machine stops after completion of test duration set on PC. Click on STOP icon to close the ACQUIRE screen _Test post evaluation: Allow specimens to cool, if heated, and then remove the est specimens. To measure the wear, i is necessary che specimens in such a way that the surface features are not altered. For unlubricated tests, a to clean concentrated jet of air may be used to dispel che debris from the worn area of the specimens for liquid- STNSTROMENTST LTD) TELE SoT SO ORS TAN OT BY STO ASE PEENYA INDUSTRIAL AREA EMAIL hye, WERSITE:: ew com ‘CUSTOMER SER VICE - 914304 /#34283064 Seanned with CamScannerTRUCTION MANUAL Yaseen lubricated specimen; ultrasonic cleaning in a suitable solvent may be used. Specimens shall be thoroughly. dried. Examine the tip of the ball specimen to ensure that no rolling or other slippage has taken place. Any ball movement within the holder during the test invalidates the test results, Similarly, any slippage of the fat specimen in its fixcure in-validates the test results 9.2.9 Measurement & calculation of wear Depending upon the relative wear of ball & flat specimens, various assumptions about the geometric irregularity of the wear scars can be made. The flat material is muuch more wear resistant than ball material ‘The ball material is much more wear ~resistant than the flat material Measurable wear occurs on both ball & flat materials. 929.1 Wear of the bal specimen — ‘Owing to the nature of this type of test, the wear scar on the ball specimen may not always be circular or flat If the end of the ball appears flat, but not circular, the average of the maximum & minimum dimensions of the scat shall be computed & this value used as the effective ball scar diameter (D). Pin scar measurements may be made by removing the ball specimen holder & placing the wear scar portion under a reflecting microscope. A calibrated ocular or a photomicrograph of unknown magnification may be used to measure scar dimensions. 11 The wear volume (V;) for a flat ball wear scar of effective diameter D, is found from the same relationship given in test method G 99. ‘Ve = (11 h/6) [D*/4 + h*], Where h = height of material removed, mm_ Assuming a spherical wear yolume, the height of material removed can be calculated from D as follows h=R ~[R*{D2/4)”, Where R= original ball radius, mm, If the ball tip is obviously worn, but the wear track profile on the flat specimen indicates that the ball is not entirely flat, note those facts and cither measure volume by an alternate method, fully describing the method used, or do not reports wear volume. If there is only light abrasion or a few seratches on the ball specimen, the term “no measurable wear “may be used. If the tip of the ball is obscured by an adherent deposit of wear debris, no measure of wear shall be reported, but the reason why the measurement cannot be made shall be reported. 9.2.9.2 Wear of the flat specimen — ‘The wear volume of the flat specimen is computed from the length of the stroke & average cross-sectional area of the wear track, as measured at locations equally spaced along its length. In most cases, the width & depth of the wear scar on the flat specimen will be relatively uniform throughout its lengeh. If the areas of three inital profiles differ by less than 25%, three profiles will be sufficient. If wear is non-uniform, six cross-sectional profiles shall be obtained to compute the average track cross sectional area. Generally, in calculating wear volume of the flat specimen, the minor geometric errors associated with the directional reversal points at each end of the track can be neglected. ‘A cross section of the wear track area of the material removes from the original flac surface are viewed on a plane normal to the original surface & to the direction of sliding motion, Cross-sectional profiles may be obtained using a stylus-type instrument or its functional equivalent TTT TAR aT RST Seanned with CamScanneride across the wear track, a straight line is drawn between the unworn areas on both sides of the wear scar & the cross sectional area may be determined by planimetry, through the use of computerized digitizing tablet, or by importing the surface trace data directly into a computer program which Permits the measurement of areas under profiles. ‘Wear volume of the flat Vs in mm3 is calculated from Where, A = Average cross-sectional area ofthe track, min? = Length of the stroke, mm xL 9.3 Result evaluation Results can also be evaluated by viewing through compare file screen After test is completed open the result in compare screen Click on COMPARE FILE on top bar to open a new screen Click on FILE I , a drop down box open showing all stored files , select the required file and click OK. Graph open for this selected file, Click on FILE 2 and select a file repeat procedure for other files Select a parameter by clicking on one of | COF/TEMP/FRICTIONAL FORCE/, graph open with all selected test file no's. Improve readability of graph by zooming or by selecting proper scale on X &Y axis, the mean co-efficient of each test file selected are displayed above graph, = ed FEEEREGEREGEERSSERSSY TSROMENTS TVET TELETFOT RO ARIES PRR POT SO RT 4°! PHASE, PEENYA INDUSTRI EMAIL sduumideanm WEISITE wn das ba CUSTOMER SERVICE - 03s 05004/ UBS 64 Seanned with CamScanner