ity.

ad

tve
the
:lc)

Advertising
Read the ads (1-4). What type of advertising is each? Choose
rks)
,00) from the list. What are other types of advertising? Discuss with a
partner.
. brochure . digital adveftising . full page spread . digital hoarding
o classified ad . flyer r pamphlet

What product/service is each ad promoting? Who is the target

"The most powerful element
in advertising is the trLtth."
'William Bernbach. creative
director)
"Advertising is legolized lying."
(H.G. Wells, author)
Which quote do you agree
audience? What is the message of each ad? Discuss.
In the ads find: a catchy slogan, alliteration (repetition of a sound),
an attention-grabbing headline, a scientific reference. What impact
do you think they have on the reader?
What makes an ad effective? Which of the above ads do
k is most effective? Why? Discuss.
95
 Reading
a) Read the four opinion statements (1-4)
below. Which are positive? negative?
Underline the words that helped you decide.

1 Besides the environmental imoact of

consumption, the author points out its effect on
people with real-life stories; definitely a thought-
provoking and impoftant book.
2 Although the topic can be rather tedious, the
writer combines the relevant information with
a compelling narrative that really engages the
reaoer.
The writer goes way beyond the typica,
discussion of why we over-consume to suggest
a dangerous consumption cycle and practica,
solutions on how to break it.
The writer tends to dramatise the issue of
consumption with the intention of engaging the
Four reoders comment on Annie Leonard's book about
how our obsession with stuff is troshing the planet, our
! lf you
be sor
reader, but in fact the exact opposite occurs. communities and our health - and her vision for chanoe, VIEW C

not lil
b) What do you think the book reviewed in n I Leonardt book follows our stuff from extraction to alumir
I
the texts is about? production to distribution to consumption to disposal, and autho
O neaO and listen to find out. a
the result is horror in which we're all implicated. maKe
Basically, Leonard tells us, if you are a consumer, you're a effecti
c) the texts again and match the
Read polluter. I didn't know, for example, that for every pound gloon
opinions (1-4) from Ex. 1a to the reviews of cotton produced, one third of a pound of chemical
(A-D). fertiliser and pesticides is used. But it is not all doom and
qloom. In the book's epilogue, Leonard suggests to us ] tn ttris
encou
Bir practical changes that we can make. lf we start valuing
and h
the time we spend with our families and friends, for cneap
Cross-text multiple matching
instance, we will break the vicious cycle of working until
First read the texts to determine the general attitude of this su
we're exhausted, collapsing in front of the W and watching
each writer to the subject under discussion. Underline the riches:
parts of the texts which give an attitude or opinion. Then ads for products which we want, which then sends us back con'su
read each question and underline the key words. lf a to work. lf you're like me, you won't be able to put this world,
question is asking for a similar or different opinion to one book down and after reading it, nothing you see, not even
some i

of the other people, identify and underline that aspect of the humble tube of toothpaste you use every morning, will for ex
opinion. Then look at the other texts to identify similar ever look the same aqain.
harmfr
or different opinions in order to answer the questions. items,

@ tt ttre author had only looked at the health and

Read again and for questions 1-4 choose
from the reviews A-D. The reviews may be
chosen more than once.
Which reviewer
has a different ooinion to the others on
the extent to which the book grips
the reader?
shares reviewer A's opinion regarding
a sense of optimism in the book?
disagrees with reviewer C's opinion about
the author's talent as a storyteller? FT_-]
it lear
environmental impacts of our addiction to consumption, sugge
she would still have written a very important work. She our ou
goes way beyond this, however, to show not only how as col
materialism negatively impacts the environment, but also suppo
how it hurts human relationships. She includes numerous consul
compelling examples of the suffering imposed on people
in the developing world as product manufacturing
tlTl destroys indigenous communities and even leads to wars
over access to resources, like gold and diamonds. But these
ET_-] problems, she explains, also apply to affluent countries;
when we tie our sense of success and purpose to material
acquisition. The result is we are left overworked, depressed

takes a similar view to reviewer D about and anxious, and distanced from our families and
the intensity with which the author communities. Ihe Storv of Sfuff is definitelv worth a read
expresses some ideas? t4T-l and, more importantlv a lot of thouqht afterwards.

96
 lary Focus
he highlighted words
xt to their synonyms
hen use a dictionary
n antonym of each of
ords.

easible, terror
i
ttractive, real
aptivating, badly, used
_ _:::_:=
_:::__.
In pairs, explain the meaning
of the underlined phrases/
sentences.
rrative as implied by the title of this book, you'll
me,W.Theauthor's Text AnalYsis
too extreme and therefore it is
(she scorrs at the recycrins or lir".Tr:T#T:;:ij',':r",,
ifficult to finish this book. lf the
to in the texts'
concrete examples as to how everyone could
ke a difference, the book would surely be more Text A
han chapter after chapter of anger, doom and 1 (line 7) ................
2 (line 5) .............
................
Text B
of consumerism, Annie Leonard reveals how ads 3 fline 6)
r rr+c rli+h +ha nrnmica ha^^ihac
.ucts with the promise of
^+ happines
now purposely poorly made so
l) """"""""
o
o repair, You miqht expect a level
/ """""""""
eonard interweaves all the facts an
d's population is responsible for over 75o/o of irs Text D
ce) with engaging tales of activism around the 6 (line 12) """""""
o
partner
e learnt

llapse . humble . compelling

., material acquisition t norrati
sonate . scoff . expos{ . purp
.'engoging
engoging .'dismal
dismal

97

words in their correct
Use the
form to complete the gaps.
Mass ........................ of
consumer products has made
them cheaper to buy.
There has been a dramatic
increase in the ..........
of leisure products due to
increase in incomes.
Developments in mining have
made the ... of gold
easier.
4 The company uses lorries for
the ........................ of goods.
. impact . imply . impose
.-'
i'n-q-Ligltg-
-- .-
5 Product manufacturing in
developing countries can
. problems on the
poor people who live there.
Large amounts of waste
negatively ..................... the
environment.
Anyone who litters
in polluting the planet.
In this book, the author
that materialism
.
creates problems in society.
Replace the underlined words
with words/phrases from the
list.
o . engaging
resonate with me
. indigenous obsessive . scoff
. at
1 At times the author can be a bit
overly concerned about buying
only recyclable products.
Annie's points about the way
consumerism is harming our
world really affect me deeply.
The Story of Stuff is full of
fascinating and gripping stories
that really draw you in.
Some experts nastily make fun
of the idea that some products
are toxic.
Consumerism is endangering
native tribes around the world.
98
T'':: 5l i r:'J{,:. i,.r! !:i E.1 1 a,r ir-li
lSEte,py-*ll rr;
a) Complete the sentences using the
words in the box.
. delicatessen . organic food shop
I
. .
i DIY superstore farmers' market
. .
i millinery shop craft shop
n
1 lt's amazing how fresh the produce is at the ........ - it
comes strajght from the fields.
an 2 The range of arl supplies in the ............ on the high
street is better than anywhere else.
3 You can get allthe equipment and materials you need to tile the 4
bathroom floor from the ................
4 Sheila got a beautiful hat at the .......... to go with her
dress for the wedding.
5 The .......... sells a much wider range of speciality
cheese than the suoermarket.
" i
6 People like buying food from the ................ because it's
free from chemicals.
b) Look at the items in the list below. Where can you buy
each of them? Choose from the places in Ex. 3a.
. hammer and nails . canvases . seasonal vegetables
. oesticide-free food . a fascinator . cold meats
c) In pairs, discuss which of the places in Ex. 3a you would
like to shop at and why. What would you buy there?
fresh fruit and vegetables, and the quality is ellent.
B: Personally, I like shopping at the delicatessen ... etc
!
Hi.# + a' t r-i: t i,1,;lr 5 l+.,,: l-r ;-l i :'r s..i
Choose the correct option. I
If you follow these simple guidelines, your next
shopping trip needn't leave you 1) cracked/broke! I love
3) .....
E Sign up for email 2)alertsiwarnings from
rtems
your favourite retailers to keep you informed
you c;
about 3) proposals/offers such as upcoming
sales and 4) deductions/discounts.
I Shop in the 5) last-minute/end-of-season sale
and store the items for next year. Buy classic
styles so they won't go 6) out ofloff fashion.
I Find factory outlet shops which sell repaired
or flawed items at 7) knock-down/cut-down
orices. Just be aware that there often isn't a
8) returns/repayments pol icy.
 t

[9I Do some research online b) What kind of spender are you?

'

about other ways to shop smart. Report your Discuss with a partner. 'l
findings to the class.
FneposEtEoats

a) Fill in: in arrears, on impulse, at auction, in Fif l in: of, after, to, for (x2). Check in Appendix l.
full, in odvance, on hire purchose, in instolments,
1 Online shopping is proving to be a threat .........
in the sales. the high street.
2 The economy is showing signs ......... recovery
after the recession.
3 A lot of shops sell 'bags ......... life' to reduce
olastic waste.
3
4 The meal deal in the supermarket is really good
va|ue......... money.

b) Fill in the gaps with phrases from Ex.5a.

5 This dress is really expensive - even ......... the
discount.
I really wanted to buy an antique table
Fhrasal verbs
....... but I was outbid.
You can-pay for this sofa ,,.......... Choose the correct item. Check in Appendix ll.
to soread out the cost.
1 Sally always shops away/around for the best
The supermarket always pays their employees deal.
..... for the last month they workeo.
2 I wanted a new smarlohone but when I went to
I bought this hat and now the shop, the one I liked had sold ouVup.
I regret it. I should have thought more about it.
3 Alfie's new suit had a small tear in it so he
took it back/over to the shoo.
c) What are the advantages of paying in
the following ways? Discuss in pairs.
4 We're about to run down on/out of bread.
Can you get some in the morning?
. in cash . by credit card . with a store card 5 | often pop over/into my local shop to grab
some milk on my way home.
a) Fif f in: reduced, split the bill, in debt, good
W*rd fonrmatioer
deol, stingy, credit card, sales, pricey.
Read the text. Use the words in capitals to
form words that fit the gaps (1-8).
I realised I was heavily it.--..:.-..-...l
my
for
stop
I

___ ___l

Retail companies are in the 1) .......................... stages DEI'EIOP

of introducing'smaft shelves' which will target individual
I love going shopping when the customers directly with ) ...........,.................. adverts
2 PERSON
3) ................... are on. Many shops have ( while they shop. Motion 3) .......................... will'watch' SENSE
items 4) by up to 50%, so '
customers by scanning their 4) FACE
you can get a really 5) ................. !
features to determine their age and gender. In-store
5) .......................... will be specifically aimed at the COMMERCE
customer and beamed straight to their smaftphones,
with 6) ........... for fufther purchases. All this SUGGESI
My friends joke that l'm really is not too far removed from the scenes in the film
6)................... because I don't like Minority Report, where Tom Cruise's character was
restaurants that are too 7) ................... bombarded with 7) ........... chosen advefts SETECI
and I always want to 8) ................... based on his state of mind as he walked through a mall.
exactly. So, what do you think? ls this the future of advertising
orjust a creepy and 8) .......................... ploy? INTRUDE
99
 Grammar in use
Conditionals & wishes
a) Read the text and choose the corre
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
tense.
E.
lf I hear a good sales pitch, it always
(make) me buy the product.
lf I had more money, | ............................ (shop)
in boutiques.
lf you ........... (noVstop) spending,
you'll get into debt.

'ft 4 lf I hadn't been pressured, | .............

, E (turn) down the salesman. 4

Mixed conditionals t
Match the columns to form mixed v

conditionals. Which conditionals are used in ti

It's an unfortunate fact that when we go shopping, we tend each part and why?
Ht
to spend money that we wish we hadn't . Adveftising and
shops are designed to make us wish we 1) owned/had tlTl lf lan hadn't asked about sales vacancres, .lh
.lta
owned the latest products . However, if we 2)know/knew ET_-] lf Susan bought the concert tickets,
. I'd
the tricks of the trade, would we fall victim to a sales pitch so fgT_l lf she'd been shopping all day,
lDt
easily? Let's look at some common sales techniques so we t4T-l lf Jack really wanted to get out of debt, , I'd
can know what to look out for. fs-l---] lf the adverl is as grear as everyone says, MC
One classic technique is the 'foot in the door' method. This . l'd
technique works on the principle that if you are already willing
a he would have cut up his credit cards. yot
to spend money on an item, you 3)may agree/would have b she'd have lots of bags with her. . l'd
agreed to buy something bigger and more expensive. c she won't have any money left for the supermarket. cht

d he would not have a job today.

.lpt
Another method is the direct opposite, the 'door in the face' o lw
technique, Here a sales person starts by trying to sell you e the company should have sold more products.
tht
something very expensive, expecting you to say no. They then .lw
offer something cheaper, knowing that if you 4) refused/had Rewrite the sentences using mixed .lw
refused their first offer, you will feel guilty and are likely to conditionals, as in the example. tter
acceot the second one.
These aren't the only two methods. Sales people often try the
1 Marion works on Sundays, so I prepared dinner
by myself.
'and that's not all' approach as well. This involves offering
extras as incentives, We all wish products 5) will/would
E2
offer us more for our money , don't we? Sales people rely Fi

on this, and might tell you that should you buy the product 2 Mike can't have been tidying the stock room all E;

today, they 6)throw/will throw in an extra item for free!

morning; it looks far too messy!

So you had better remember these techniques the next time

3 I know I spent too much today, but l'm getting b
paid tomorrow.
you go shopping. Then, you won't ever need to say 'lf I 1

7) didn't fall/hadn't fallen for that trick, I wouldn't have spent

so much money!'
b) Read the text again. Find:
r type 0, type 1, type 2 and type 3 conditionals
. a mixed conditional . an invefted conditional
c) Which structures do we use to talk about:
o general truth? on imaginary situation thot is
controry to focts in the present? a very proboble
situotion in the present or future? on imaginary
situotion which is contrary to focts in the post?
100
4 Mary isn't good at closing a deal, so she went
on a sales technioues course.
5 William hasn't been hiring enough staff; that's
why they can't reach their sales targets.
Wishes
Look at the highlighted sections in the text.
Which structures talk about: something we
would like to be different obout o present
situation? something we regret which
happened in the past? o desire for a situation
to be different?
 a) Write a wish for each of the following
situations, as in the example.
1 You want to buy a smartwatch, but you haven't
got enough money.
@ "l Match the sentences 1-4 to thein uses
op) I wish/lf only I had enough money to buy
a smaftwatch.
ng 2 You missed out on the soecial offer last week.
3 You would like to go shopping today, but you
have to study instead.
You purchased an item in a shop that you regret.
b) (!PElIrN!, Tell your partner
two things you
wish weren't true, hadn't happened, or you'd
ln ike to compfain about (using lwish/lf only).
f
. I hod better coll the shop before gorng there.
. I would rather shop online.
. I'd rother hove studied manaqernent than tourism
in college.
. l'd rather visit a department store than go to the
mall,
. I'd rather you didn't send me junk mail about
your products.
. I'd rather you had informed me about the stock
check earlier.
. I prefer shopping to sightseerng when on holiday.
. I would prefer to get gifts at the airport rather
than purchose them during my holiday.
. What would you buy if you had
I would prefer it if the shop had a bigger selection.
. I would have preferred it if you had reserved the
item for me.
see pp. GR13-GRl4
a) Look at the Theory box above and the
Grammar Reference Section (pp. GR13-GR1a).
Find an example of had better in the text in
t4 Ex. 1. What does it express?
ting b) Choose the correct item.
1 | would rather you had told/had been telling/
/enI told me about the customer's oroblem sooner.
2 Mr Scott would prefer it if we spend/spenVhad
at's spent more time attending customers in the
shoo.
3 Ben would rather to have trained/train/to train
in customer services than quality control.
rt. 4 lt would have been better if you had paid/have
, paid/paid by card than in cash.
5 l'd rather not apply/applied/had applied for a
loan because I won't be able to pay it off.
6 | prefer to paylpaying/to have paid by credit
card rather than in cash.
Other phrases with hypothetical
meaning
(a-d).
Suppose/Supposing you were an advertising
executive, how would you promote our product?
2 When I sell an item, I get a commission.
3 Unless an item is requested, we won't stock it.
4 Even if this product sells well, we won't order
any more.
Which:
makes clear that an action will only
occur as the result of a demand? IaI
presents an imaginary situation? tsTt
states that an action won't affect
the result? FT--]
states that an action definitely occurs? FTI
b) Rewrite the sentences using the words in
brackets.
1 | still have to go shopping, rain or no rain.
(even if)
2 | don't go to the shop if I don't need a lot. (unless)
3 All items are reduced if there is a sale. (when)
a million
pounds? (suppose)
Key word transformations
Complete the second sentence so that it
means the same as the first, using the word
in capitals. Use between three and six words.
1 Remember, if you open your own shop, you will
be spending a lot of time away from home.
MEANS
lf you become a shop owner, it ...........................
....... spending much time at home.
2 lf the salesperson hadn't helped me, I would
never have found the dress I wanted. HELP
But .............
never have found the dress I wanted.
3 Dan wished he had followed the man's advice
when purchasing a new television. DOING
Dan regretted .................
when purchasing a new television.
4 Looking back, not buying the computer in the
sale was the wrong thing to do. BETTER
Looking back, it
you had bought the computer in the sale.
101
 jr : u vsJrlrr rer, qvvu (
like going shopping? Why? Internet shopping. Before you listen, check
the following words in the Word List.
a) You will hear Brian Wilson,
a radio presente4 interviewing
. convenience . hardware store r contend with
. overheads . running costs . opt for o warrant
Kate Roberts, a shop ownel
. vigilant
about retail shopping. Before
you listen, check the following
words in the Word List. b) Read the questions 1-5 and the options
A-C and circle the key words.
o take a battering . aspiring . boom in
. revenue . tedious . limitation Rob thinks the boom in online shopping is a
r inventory . warehouse . invaluable result of
o the exception that proves the rule A its ease. B its comfoft. G its soeed.
Mane
Rob admits that
b) Read the questions 1-5 and the options A online shopping can be a chore for some. s
A-C and circle the key words. B you have to go to the shops for basic items. Mane
1 According to Brian, the high street shops were
C retail shopping for cerlain things is exciting. c
doing poorly because Brian points out that online shopping
A they did not have the Internet. A is more exoensive.
B of the global financial situation. B has hidden costs.
C of the lack of council funding. C is cheaper overall.
2 KaIe ooints out that small retailers 4 Rob suggests that online'shoppers Mane
A don't have the talent for starting a website. A be patient in order to save money.
B lack the investment needed to sell online. B shop around for the best price. J
G can't afford the expenses of a website. G order more than they need.
3 Kate believes that retail shopping cannot be
5 According to Rob, online safety
rivalled in terms of
A the feeling it gives to the shopper.
A is no longer an issue. Mana

B the range of items available. B was better in the past.

G their returns policy. C can be managed with care.

4 Brian argues that some shoppers are put off by

A the time retail shopping takes. c) Q Listen and, for questions 1-5, choose
B weekend opening hours. the correct answer (A, B or C).
S
C the number of shoos.
d) O Listen again and complete the table. Mana
5 Kate says that
A lots of shops have bad customer service.
B people don't know what they want to buy.
C a good sales assistant is vital.
c) O Listen and, for questions 1-5, choose
the correct answer (A, B or C).

d Q Listen again and complete the table.

Look at your answers in Exs 2d &

do you consider to be important
for the shopping experience? Which type of
shopping fulfils your requirements? Discuss
with your partner.
102
 Making and responding to a complaint
a) Which of the phrases below make/
E lmagine that a salesperson was rude and
refused to give you a refund in a shop. You
:k respond to a complaint? Which phrases want to complain to the manager. Your
request sth/offer a solution? partner is the manager. Act out a similar
dialogue using the ideas in Ex. 1 and the
th o please accept my apologies . I'd like to make a
language in the Useful Language box.
lnr complaint . what we could do is . I was rather
hoping o What really upset me, though, was
Elt
o sorry to have kept you waiting
Expressing opinion on a controversial issue based
b) O Complete the gaps (1-6) in the on written input
dialogue with the phrases above. Listen and Read the short text which provides the two sides of the
tDd check, then read out the dialogues in pairs. issue. Then read the questions and the list of points.
Decide to support one side. You can discuss the chosen
ad points using the opposing points as well to strengthen
Manager: Hello, 1) ....... . l'm the
your argument. You may also use your own ideas.
manager here. How can I help you?
Sally: Well,2)
rmS. Arguing a case
Manager: Oh, what's the problem?
Ing.
Sally: Well, I bought this top last week but when Read the text, the questions and the written
Igot home, I changed my mind about it. prompts. Work in pairs. Take turns answering
Your sales assistant told me I could only the question. Consider the following points
exchange it. 3) .......... to help you develop your answer.
you could give me a refund.
Manager: l'm afraid it's company policy not to give a ..+ lssue: Shopping online has become a major
refund unless the item is damaged. trend. This trend allows people to buy
- things in the comfoft of their own homes
Sally: Well, that's disappointing. 4) ..
...... the shop assistant's rude and
th
at any time of ople

unhetpfut attitude towards me. ::i J:lilffiIi,]l

pins

Manager: I see. Well, first of all, 5) . euestionr What ould

. I assure you that that kind of I consumers be encouraged to shop online?
attitude isn't acceptable and l'll look into
it. As for the top you purchased, 6) .........
to offer vou a credit note
to spend in the store at your convenience. I For:
For: I For:
Sally: OK, I suppose that will be fine. Thank you. H Encouraging I
Encouraging Oiscouraging
Manager: you,re welcome. E ONLINE uHUrJrJtNu
LTNLTNE SHOPPING E OHI-lttE SHOPPING
e. . wide selection of products . reduces security risks
. cheaper prices . fewer unnecessary purchases
" -.:. ,a: - .. ::-:- .:.-. j.:= :. : :._. . convenience . can actually see product
I l::, _ +,gi.;";;1.:,.1
1. o saves time . no extra shipping costs
. l'd like to make a Sorry to have ....
complaint. . What (has) (+ past pafticiple)
really upset me is/was . .. l'm sorry to hear that.
a) O Listen to a speaker answering the
. question in Ex. 3 and tick (/) the correct box
l'm afraid l'd like to Please accept my
(Yes or No).
complain about... (sincere) apologies ... I

. Excuse me, but l'm really I'm so/terribly sorry Does the speaker: Yes No
not happy with ... (that ...) 1 give shoft answers?
. I was really upset when ... 2 speak with some hesitation?
& 3 use rich language?
rt o I was rather hoping ... . I assure you that ... and 4 give detailed reasons to support their answers?
rof . Can you do something l'll/we'll ... . What l/we 5 discuss allthe ooints in the rubric?
l5s about it? could do is ... . To
. l'd rather get/have ... make amends, I'd/we'd b) How does the speaker's answer compare to
like to (offer you etc) ... your answer and your partner's answer in Ex. 3?
103
 Gencnal introduction
For-and-against essays are formal
pieces of writing which discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of a
topic. Arguments on both sides of the
topic are presented in equal detail. The
writer's opinion is included in the
conclusion.
General autline for a
for-and-agairast essay
Para 1 F an introductory paragraph
in which you state the
topic.
Paras F a main body in which one
2& 3 paragraph contains the
points fo; plus justifications/
examples, and one
paragraph contains the
points against, plus
justifications/exa mples.
Each main body paragraph
should start with a toplc
sentence that introduces
the main idea followed by
supporting sentences which
further explain the idea of
the topic sentence.
Para 4F a conclusion which
summarises the arguments
and gives the writer's
optnton.
Argumentative essays are
characterised by:
. formal/advanced vocabulary, longer
sentences and verb forms. (lt is not
e to conduct financial transactions
with a credit card if you have cash, as
you can get into debt.)
. formal/advanced linkrng words to
join ideas (Although, Whereos, For
this reason, etc)
. use of passive (Electronic payments
can be made online ...)
Remember to use:
. techniques for introductions (start
with an objective statemenVmake
reference to a surprising scene or
situation/ address the reader directly/
start with a quotation or saying/a
rhetorical question)
. techniques for conclusions (give the
reader something to consider/end
with a quotation/saying or a rhetorical
que$ton)
104
UetderstandEng t*re rubric
Read the rubric and underline the key words, then
answer the questions.
,'Vor;uJrrjoliLiii oiririirn jnout diine dnkh.L No; i
I your teacher has asked you
to write an essay discussing
] the advantages and disadvantages of online banking.
; Write your essay (approximately 220-260 words).
1 What do you have to write? Who for?
2 Should advantages and disadvantages of the topic be
discussed in the same paragraph?
3 What style should the essay be written in?
4 How should each argument be supporled?
5 How many paragraphs should you write in the main body?
6 What should each main body paragraph star.t with?
MEodeE analysis
Read the model. Choose the appropriate linkers from the
words in bold.
Have you ever considered online Arg
banking? In recent years the 1
number of people paying their bills 2
online has risen significantly. But Exa
what are the main benefits and 1
drawbacks of online banking? 2
There are a number of arguments
in favour of online banking. 1)0ne
ol the main advantages of/ln the
first place online banking is convenience. 2) For instance,/This way,
banking sites are always open for business as l0ng as there is an Internet
connection. 3) This means that/ln additi0n, clrstomer bank accounts can
be accessed twenty-four hours a day.4)Moreover,/yet, online banking is
fast and saves customers valuable time. For example, customers can
complete transactions in seconds in the comfort of their own homes
instead of waiting in long queues at the bank.
5) In addition,/0n the other hand, banking online has its share of
drawbacks, 6)To begin with,/Even s0, while most banks offer secure Weo
pages t0 c0nduct financial transactions, n0 system is completely foolproof.
7) Although/Ihis is because bank websites are susceptible to hackers who
try to gain access to financial information. B)As a result,/Nonetheless,
this information can lead to identity theft and fraudulent activity. g) A
lurther common criticism /Another benefit of online banking is that it does
not provide adequate customer service. 10)This is due to the tact/Despite
the lact that customers do not have direct contact with the banking staff
when they need a loan or special service not offered online.
I
11)Above all,/To conclude, although there are some disadvantages to I
online banking, I believe the benefits outweigh them as it is a quick way to t
pay bills and check finances. Upon consideration, if banks took firmer t
measures to minimise security risks then customers t
would feel more at ease to do their banking online.
 a) Look at the model essay.
Which paragraph:
A contains arguments against the topic?
B summarises the writer's opinion?
C contains arguments for the topic?
D states the tooic?
b) List the arguments for and ogoinst How
does the writer justify their points?
Complete the table.
Teehniques of cohesion
To make ideas in a piece of writing easier to follow,
you should use cohesion techniques to connect
sentences and paragraphs. These can make a piece of
writing flow well.
. linking words & phrases (That is to say, ln other
words, Admittedly, Having said that, etc)
. referencing, r.e. pronouns, demonstratives, phrases
(Ultimately online shoppers need to take
responsibility for their actions, We are told not to
give out our personal details, but we know this
. already; As I mentioned obove, ...)
. ellipsis, i,e. omitting words when something is
repeated (This is because agencies sell advertising
space in newspapers and [they sell odvertising space]
in magazines as well.)
r substitution, i.e. changing words when something
is repeated (Should we use less or more. Probably the
former.)
. repetition (The way we do business is outdated so
the way we do business needs changing.)
. synonymy, i.e. using words that mean the same
(He put f40,000 copital into his new company, but
he is still short of capital. + He put f40,000 capital
into his new company, but he is still short of funds.
. antonymy, i.e. using words that mean the
opposite (High street shops buy items at a low cost
and sell them at a high price to make a profit.)

Rewrite the sentences below using

techniques of cohesion.
We need to rethink the effect of adveftising on
a) Find the topic sentences in the main the consumer. We need to consider how
body paragraphs. Suggest other appropriate adverts influence people to buy products.
rner one5. (linking words & phrases)
Ldl I Living on credit will become a reality for most
ng rs b) Find the linkers/linking phrases in the people soon, although living on credit has been
modelwhich: the norm for some of us for many years.
(referencing)
a introduce/list advantages
Due to the increasing workload, some shop
b introduce/list disadvantages
assistants have to work the morning shift and
l Web
c add points now they have to work the evening shift as wel,.
proof. d show contrast (ellipsis)
S WNO e introduce examples/justifications Local farmers sell fresh oroduce themselves or
SS, f conclude they sell it to local vendors. Perhaps the most
cost effective way is for farmers to sell their own
t produce themselves. (substitution)
does c) Replace them with other appropriate
espite ones (See Useful Language p. 107). For a university graduate, getting a job is
taff undoubtedly an important step. Indeed, for
many, getting a job is the start of their careers.
What technique has the writer used to (repetition)
IO
ray to
begin/end the essay? Suggest another It is not enough to teach subjects like economics;
I beginning/ending using a different we also need to teach students how to manage
technique. their personal f inances. (synonymy)
Interest rates shouldn't be higher. In fact, they
should be less high. (antonymy)
105
 Punctuation The sentences below contain punctuation errors. Rewrite I
Punctuation al lows better the sentences correctly using appropriate punctuation. (
understanding and ease of reading.
In advanced writing, it can be used 1 Consumer spending which has increased enormously in recent r

for emphasis to enhance an essay. years represents the bulk of credit card debt. c

. a dash introduces extra information, 2 These so - called - deals - are actuallv more exoensive than in a

an interruption, etc, into a sentence competing shops. a

and can replace more conventional 3 lf the previous generation were faced with the flood of
punctuation. (Online shopping, which a
marketing messages consumers now receive, they would soon
is a quick way to shop, is ideal for a
yell out, "Too much!!|"
many consumers. + Onltne sh ing -
which is a quick way to shop - is ideal 4 Trusting an online bank is an issue for two reasons, identitv
for many consumers ) theft and operational error.
Note: a dash and a hyphen are often 5 Businesses are becoming increasingly competitive in their
confused. A hyphen is shorter and search for the best available workers, some have even offered
connects different words to make bonus incentives.
one unit of meaning (hard-working,
state-of-the-art) .
6 A successful business is the result of three things; quality
. products, reasonable prices and good customer service.
a colon is often used before a list. lt
can also be used when introducing
J usti fications/Exa mples
an explanation or direct speech.
(Businesses can utilise technol in a a) Which of the points (1-5) are: advantages? disadvantages?
number of : to increase efficiency, a
to advertise and to cut costs./Stevens a
has said: 'The lnternet has had an
impact on the way we conduct V
business.') -t
al
. a semi-colon is used instead of a full y(
stop when the meaning of two t(
sentences is closely related. ( en tl
you pay by credit card, you can collect
sl
points. They can be used to get free (2
items. + When you pay by credit
card, you can collect points; they can
1
be used to get free items.)
. inverted commas are used with 2
direct speech and quotations. ('/ 3
prefer credit ca ' said lohn.) fhey Advantages & disadvantages of shopping
in high street fashion shops 4
can also isolate a word, phrase or
5
title from the rest of the sentence. tlTl enable/youngsters/stay in fashion easiry
(The website is called 'Market tch'.) 6
PT--] clothes/can be/poor quality/some/not even sew/properly
They can also be used to question
the validity of a statement. (They say F-l-l most/large sh ops/chai ns/do not su pport/tocal eco n omy
b)
that he is the 'king' of finance.) ln t4T_-] usually conveniently tocated/in town/city centres
a(
B ritish E n g lish, sin g le inverted
fsl_l diff icult/f ind ori ginal/one-off items
commas are preferred, whereas in 1
American English, double ones are
the rule. b) Match the points (1-5) above to their corresponding 2
. an exclamation mark ends a justifications/examples (a-e). Then write a paragraph for 3
sentence to show excitement or each side of the argument using the ideas, suitable
rntense emotions and is usually cohesive techniques and appropriate punctuation. c)
found in direct speech ("What a way
to work!").
Note: Exclamation marks are generally a profits gollarge/international corporations d)
avoided in formal language. Never use b often manufacture/factories/low cost W
more than one. c ikely/see others/wear/your clothes
I
M
d shoppers/can easily use/modes of transport/such
as/bus/tram/trai n/get there
U:
shops/recently become popular with youngsters/have top
fashions/available/reasonable orices
106
 t

I
i

te Linkers/Linking phrases
Complete the sentences with the ideas in the list, then To introduce/list advantages:
replace the words/expressions in bold with a suitable . One/Another/A further/An additional
alternative from the Useful Language box. advantage of ... is ,., . A major/The
main/(One o0 the most important
nn o it can influence younger children
benefit(s)of ... is ... . One/Another
. there are often other facilities like caf6s and wedding list
convincing point in favour of ... is ...
of services
. To introduce/list disadvantages:
)on is acceptable provided that the balance is paid off every month
. A serious drawback/disadvantage (of) ...
. indicates lack of thought on the parl of the gift-giver
. A (further) common criticism of ... is ...
Itity 1 Other people, however, argue that giving a gift vgucher To list/add points:
. Firstly/First of al l/Second ly lLastly I
lelr 2 lt is my strong belief that using credit cards to purchase Finally,
rred goods . In the first place/To begin with,
. Moreover . Not only ... but also ...
3 A further common criticism of TV advertising is that ...".....
tlity To introduce supporting sentences/
4 An additional advantage of department stores is To g ive examples/justifications
. For example,/For instance, ...
. This is because/due to ...
rges? . This means that ...
a) Read the rubric and underline the key words. Then . This way,/Consequently, /Therefore, ...
answer the questions. . As a result, .., . such as/like ...
To conclude:
You've had a class discussion . In conclusion/ln summary/To conclude/
about online shopping. Now !

To sum up/All things considered, ...

your teacher has asked you
. There are convincing arguments both
to write an essay presenting
the pros and cons of online for and against ..., but | (firmly) believe
shopping. Write your essay that ... e lt's my view that ..,

(220-260 words).

1 What do you have to write?

2 Who are you and who is the target reader? Checklist
3 What style should you write in?
When you finish your piece of writing,
4 How many paragraphs should your essay have? check that:
5 What information willyou include in the main body paragraphs? . a clear outline has been created
6 What could you include in the last paragraph? . all points asked for in the rubric are
included
. appropriate beginnings and endings
b) Read the points (1-6). Which of the points are
are used
advantages? disadvantages? . the writing is well-organised
1 security risks 4 cheaper prices (advantages and disadvantages in
separate paragraphs)
t
2 extra shipping costs 5 cannot see ortry products
. there are justifications/examples
'or 3 unlimited selection of products 6 convenience
to supporl your arguments
. there is a variety of suitable linking
c) ln pairs, think of justifications for each point. words to connect ideas
. a formal style is used

d O Listen to two people discussing online shopping. . grammar and spelling are used

What justifications do they give for each point in Ex. 10b? accurately
. there is a range of rich vocabulary
Make notes in your notebook.
. the target reader is fully informed

Use the ideas in Ex. 10 and the Useful Language box to

write your essay.
)l ct-tt-lculture C p. 151 107
 beginning (0). a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word 1

given. You must use between I

three and six words. E

After a decade of study on the subject, psychology professor

0 l'd prefer not to lend you my 21
Leaf van Boven has concluded that material oossessions do
favourite dress. BORROW
not provide as 0l much enduring happiness as the pursuit A
l'd rather you didn't borrow my
1) ................,,......... life experiences like travelling and going
favourite dress. 3lr
to concerts. The common belief that acquiring more material
possessions earns us the esteem and admiration of others
1 | really regret buying three
A
dresses. ONLY
appears to 2) ............... the exact opposite of the truth. E

Van Boven found that materialistic people are more isolated. 4..
They have 3)........................... friends and poorer quality three dresses. A
friendships. In one experiment, strangers were paired up
2 fhe product was not as effective 5t'
randomly and asked to have a conversation 4) ........................
as the advert had claimed.
about their possessions or their experiences. Those A
TURNED
5) . . .................... talked about what they had done warmed B
The product
to each 6)........................... quickly while those who
discussed the things they had came 7) .......................,,., as
6'l
effective than the advert had
more selfish.
claimed. A
So, 8) ..... yoLl're stuck deciding between
3 | only happened to see Mandy 7Tl
spending your hard-earned cash on a new car or asummer
because I went to the mall on tr
of travel, you now know which option to choose!
Saturday. BUMPED A
lf I hadn't gone to the mall on B
Read the text. Use the word in capitals to form a word Saturday, I
8Tl
that fits in the gaps (1-8). There is an example at the a
beginning (0). Mandy. A
4 Even if I try really hard, I don't B
think l'll ever save up enough to 9Jc
buy a car. HOWEVER el
Do you find the 'crunch-crunch'of popcorn-eaters in the cinema irritating?
I think that A
Well, now 0) adveftisers d0 100, as recent research has concluded that cinema
B
adverts may prove 1) .. because of chewing. The reason for
I won't save up enough to buy a
this is that, as we watch an adveft, our lips and tongue automatically simulate 10 Tf
car.
the 2) .............. of the brand name when we flrst hear it.Thereafter,
th
each time we come across the same name, our mouth 3) ...........................
5 But for my parents' help, I could A
never have afforded to buy a car.
'practises'mouthing it again until it becomes indelibly 4)........................... 11 TT
HELPED
on our brains. When we cheq however, this 'inner speech' is disturbed and re
tf A
rendered 5) ........................... .

, The researchers made their 6) ............ after inviting a I could never have afforded to 12
group of people to watch a film and giving halfofthem p0pcorn ouy a car. of
and the other half just a sugar cube. The results strongly A
We didn't have enough money
suggested that the pre-film adverts had no impact on the
so we couldn't buy the latest 13 lf ,

popcorn-eaters, butthose who hadn't been chewing showed tm

laptop on the market. HAVE
positive 7) . responsestowardsthe products.
lf we had had enough money, we
A
0nly time will tell whetherthe 8) ........................... will result 14 lh
in the end of popcorn sales in cinema foyers forever! SU
1 the latest laptop on the market. A
B

108
he Gramn'lar Vocabu!ary
s Choose the correct item. Give reasons. Choose the correct item. Give reasons.

........ for months, Eric could now afford a PC. Giving celebrities free clothes is a common ........
A Saving up C Having saved up used by fashion brands to adverlise the brand.
B Being saving up D Having been saved up A tendency B tool G tactic D token
The new mobile phone ........ to hit a million sales It is important to ........ consumer spending habits
my when setting the price of a new product.
within the first three hours of its release.
A is set B sets C set D willset A oicture B rank G consider D rate
my 3 It is rather ........ to believe buying these clothes will
It's important to check carefully when shopping
make you look like the models in the advefts.
online in order to know ........ buying.
A what you are C of what you are
A trustworlhy G tasteless
B what are you D you are
B naive D helpless
Jessica returned her smarlphone to the shop, as it
4 ........ wealthy, she is able to buy whatever she likes. was still under ........ and had stopped working.
AAs B She is C While D Being A agreement G pledge

tve 5 I'm sure he would have got the job if he ........ casual B guarantee D assurance
clothes. lf you choose a car ........, it could last for decades.
A wasn't wearing G wouldn't have worn A precisely B truly G closely D wisely
B didn't wear D hadn't worn Every month, Rowan made a list of his ........ so he
'These trainers can make you run faster, take my could keep track of where his money was going.
word ........ itl' A dividends C expenses
Awith Bfor Gin Dby B proceeds D revenues
noy The sales in the mall ........ for people to buy things
7 Her wedding dress was a perfect fit after she had
the ........ made.
on they want for a cheaper price than usual.
A possibly make G make oossible A adjustments G amendments
B make it possibility D make it possible
B adaptations D alterations
lon
There were no ........ at the hotel we wanted so we
There is ........ to pay more for products produced in decided to rent a villa instead.
a sustainable way. A openings G vacancies
A growing willing C willingly growing B blanks D breaches
on't B willingness growing D growing willingness
hto 9 Joan's laptop broke down so she ........ at the three years.
electronics shop. A shares C instalments
A had repaired it C had repaired B settlements D debts
B had it repaired D repaired it 10 Judy couldn't stand the ........ of having nothing new
uya to wear to the parly so she went shopping.
10 Those designer shoes may look stylish but cheap
they ........! A concept C notion
ould A have not B are not G might be D are B image D thought
car. 11 The window display is only ........ done; it will look
11 The prices are rising but the increases have ........
better when we are finished.
relation to the cost of oroduction.
A the less B a little C little D any A partially C poorly
B lightly D drastically
dto 12 ........ consumers must examine carefully is the quality 12 Shopping online has become a frequent ........ in
of the clothing they want to buy. most households.
A Those B How G That which D What A incident C circumstance
)ney
rtest 13 lf you put your mind ........ it, it's possible to avoid B occurrence, D instance
impulse spending. 13 Propefty values have ........, making owning a home
Aon Bto Cwith Din easier for first-time buvers.
^*a 14 I hate ........ waiting in long queues at the
A plunged C lapsed
supermarket.
B swooped D descended
ket A to keep C being kept 14 All he wanted for his birthday was a new ........
B keeping D be kept camera to take ohotos with.
A electronic B digital C technical D binary
109

i
 Advertising Which of the words in the list mean:
Choose the correct word. generous? stingy? poor? rich? Write a sentence
using each.
1 The singer was paid a great deal to boost/
. miserly . prosperous . affluent . hard-up
promote the soft drink in his music video.
. well-off o penny-pinching . broke . mean
2 They launched/released the details about . big-headed . tight-fisted . wealthy . charitable
their new product several weeks before it came
onto the market.
The company was fined for making promises
they could not deliver/distribute. f in: cost an arm and a leg, foot the bill,
Fif
strapped for cash, sove for a rainy doy, a licence
Many adverts employ/occupy humour to -
make their message memorable. to print money.
The posters for the hotel express/convey a
sense of peace and relaxation.
1 When Gemma passed her exams, her dad
decided to ...............
for a celebratory dinner.
Shopping
2 His new car is reallv cool but it ....................... E H",
Filf in: priced, offered, transaction, imports, we pror
stock. 3 Garbagt
Bill thought his idea for a new app was ..........
senes 0
A lot of people nowadays prefer to buy loca. graphic
products rather than cheap ........................:.. . 4 lt's always a good idea to put a little aside to away.
alongsic
This shop has some very reasonably
the
....... items. 5 Bill asked to borrow some money because he
lmportai
hou

It's necessary to use a card to complete a(n)

was a bit this month. all walkl
....... when shopping online. tne mez
especral
We ..............
the dealer [1,000 for the quite un
second-hand car and he was happy to take it. it's not
Most clothes shops ......... a wide range iFill in the g;ps with the c;rrect worO, *oose tlrJ himself
of sizes but the popular ones sell out quickly. lcorrect word or put the word in brackets in the well-tho
t,- series th
jcorrect form.
Money & Spending
E l".u
Fill in the words. look at t
society
r invest . deposit r withdraw r owe 1)..,................. (you/ever/see)somethingthat
individui
your friend is wearing and thought you would like to have smiling,
I don't have any cash so l'm just going to the 2) .........................? Or that you would like to buy a designer a beach
ATM to some money. outfit but just 3) can't/couldn't afford to? Well, the answer
Don't forget that we each ........... may be 4) .................... (find) a swapping event near you, In a
Danny t50 for the conceft tickets! time 5) the environment around us is in

l'll ............... some money in your 6) ..................., a mess and we are constantly being \
bank account so you can pay for the TV. 7) ........,........... (tell) to reusg recycle and reduce the products e
that we buy, some people have stafted'swapping'their
Brenda asked us to ....................... some monev 1

in her new boutique and we agreed.

clothes. Most 8) us have clothes in our
fr
wardrobes that we 9) ................,... (not/wear) anymore, so
. savings . expenses . loan . fee instead of throwing them 10) . ............ ,...., why not take v
them to a swapping event? 1
Some ATMs charge a(n) ....................... if you
lf everyone got involved in clothes swapping, it
don't have an account at their bank.
11)would/will have a huge impact on
Jane took out a(n) bank ........... to staft the environment by reducing waste
her bakery.
and preseruing resources. And you
Tim hasn't got any ... because he never know, you might just find the
spends all the money he earns every month. outfit you 1 2),............,,.....
You should take care of your monthly (always/dream) of.
... before you go shopping.
110
 A woek? Four critics comment on ariist Gregg
Sega/'s photo series.

4 H.rdry *y.rr qrite how much rubbish
we produce each day."db.t This is why Seven Days of
Garbage by Gregg Segal is such an ingenious
series of photos. lt reveals, in an undeniable and
graphic way, exactly what people are throwing
away. The artist photographed his subjects
-LV
alongside the people they live with, surrounded by
the household waste they created in a week.
)ne
lmportantly, he chose to photograph people from
nth. all walks of life and of all ages.This diversity gives
the meaning of his photos tremendous strength,
especially since the rubbish people created was
quite uniform. None of us can view them and say
it's not our problem. The aftist even included
the himself so as not to seem judgemental. This is a
well-thought-out and skilfully-captured photo
e out some of their garbage and left out the really bad
series that everyone should make a point of seeing.
surrounded by a mess of rubbish that the artist
asked them to save up for a week. lt is a strange
juxtaposition; the people seem completely at odds
with their surroundings and this becomes
metaphor for our 'out of sight, out of mind' attitude
about the waste we all produce while going about
our daily lives. lf Segal's goal was to make his
audience feel uncomfoftable, to perhaps shock
people into examining and questioning their own
habits, he has surely succeeded with these
remarkable photographs.
E srrm Dryr rf 6rrrrrr b
images with one flaw. Segal admits in a recent
interview that some of ihe subjects actually edited
stuff. This is a shame, and perhaps the arlist should
have been clearer with his subjects about what he
weakened, these are still compelling photographs
that confront us with a serious issue that will only
be solved when each one of us takes personal
a responsibility.
EIne srtlrrrt rt S*t, Dt
Segal's family, {riends and neighbours. He made an
admirable effort to include a variety of ages and
different social backgrounds, to sh0w that everyone
is paft of the problem. Some people volunteered
because lhey supported the message of the project
while others were paid to pafticipate. The artist says
some dropped out, and others edited their rubbish
and presented washed packaging and little else. lt
must have been a strange, if not humiliating,
experience to be photographed surrounded by your
own rubbish, and the subjects of the photos appear
as both victims and perpetrators. This perspective

ElTl"ilsseri@
look at the question of whether everything in our
society has become a bit too disposable, The
individuals and families in the photos are calm,
smiling, some in fancy dress.They appear lying on
expected because the most power-ful images are
unquestionably of those subjects who included
everything. Surely the main point of the photo series
is the awkward truth that what we throw away can
reveal who we are, and we would do better by being
is sure to make some viewers uncomfoftable, as
will the subject matter itself. Still, as long as you
aren't too sensitive, it's wotth checking out. The
warning expressed by these thought-provoking
ohotos couldn't be clearer.

-rr
a beach, in a pool of water, or in a forest, honest with ourselves. So although their point is

)r
lna
Reading Vocabulary
You are going to read four reviews of an Filf in: engaging, olerts, prosperous, compelling,
exhibition of photographs. For questions returns.
1-4, choose from the reviews A-D. The
reviews may be chosen more than once.
The brothers built a(n) ... company
which employed more than 500 people.
Which reviewer The .............. policy in this shop means
1 shares reviewer D's opinion about how the you can't get a refund without your receipt.
ohotos will make those who see them feel?
Saving up to 50% on some items is a(n)
2 expresses a different view from the others ....... reason to shoo in the sales.
concerning the success of the photos' message?
I receive email ........... from my favourite
3 has a different opinion from reviewer A about shop when they have sales on.
.j' I who should see the ohoto series?
The sales person in the jewellery shop had a(n)
4 expresses the same opinion as reviewer D
"""' smile'
regarding Segal's choice of subjects? gx2=10)
(4x5=20)
111
 Choose the correct item. Grammar
1 There are some really good deductions/deals/ Choose the correct item.
discounts when you shop around.
1 l'd rather you finalised/finalise/have finalised
2 Brian spent all of his budget for the month so
the deal in writing by the end of the month.
he was flat stingy/frugal/broke till pay day.
2 | wish my sister would/could/will stop shopping
3 Product distribution/extraction/disposal is so muchl
done mostly by road in this country.
3 Supposing/Providing/Unless the delivery
4 | like paying for things in advance/arrears/ arrives today, we'll ship orders to our customers.
instalments because you can spread the cost.
4 lf Jeff had the money, he would have paid/will
5 We usually break/collapse/split the bill and have paid/will pay me back what I lent him.
each pay for what we ordered.
6x2=10) 5 | would prefer to have everything in stock
rather than to risk/rather than risk/rather
Listen!ng
than having risked running out of products.
O You will hear Casey Adams, a radio
(5x3=15)
presenter, interviewing Lyle Tate, a financial
advisor; about methods of payment. Listen, Speaking
and for questions 1-5, choose the correct Fif f in: Please accept my opologies. - Whot's the
answer (A, B or C). problem? - Sorry to hove kept you waiting.
1 According to Lyle, choosing a payment 1 A: l'm the manager here. 1)
method should deoend on
A how much debt a person has. B: That's OK.
B how somebody handles their money. 2A: l'd like to make a comolaint.
C what type of a consumer people are. B: oh.2) ..........
Lyle states that purchases done on the Internet
A cost more when you pay in cash. 3A: The sales assistant was really rude to me.
B: Oh, dear. 3) ................
B have helped with the popularity of cards.
G allow people to avoid large debts. (3x5=15)
Lyle believes that paying in cash helps people
A keep track of their spending.
Writing
B clear their debts with creditors. Read the rubric.
C pay for hidden costs.
Lyle's criticism of using cash is that You have had a class discussion about credit cards.
A it can't be replaced. Now, your teacher has asked you to write an essay
B it can't be used for big purchases. discussing the advantages and disadvantages of
C it's difficult to use on a budget. credit cards. Write your essay (220-260 words).
According to Lyle, a credit card
A makes shopping more expensive. (20 marks)
B helps people who can't save money. (Total= 100)
C enables people to put money aside.
(5x2=10)

Now I can ..,

Lexical Competence Reading Competence Listening Competence Writing
o use language related to the . read an afticle about consumerism r listen to an interview Competence
topics of adveftising, shopping, . answer cross-text multiple o do multiple choice tasks o write a for-
"Look
money and spending matching questions Speaking Gompetence and-against
. use idioms on the topic of Grammar Competence . make and respond to a essay
then yr
everytl
money r use conditionals (all types) and complaint (Albert
o use phrasal verbs related to make wishes . argue a case
shopping . use mixed conditionals
112