THROMBUS – A CLOT FORMATION THAT IS LOCATED ON THE LATERAL WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS

EMBOLUS – A CLOT THAT TRAVELS IN BLOOD CIRCULATION UNTIL IT REACHES PULMONARY ARTERY

VIRCHOW’S TRIAD: (RUDOLF VIRCHOW)

1. BREAK IN BLOOD VESSEL (TRAUMA)

2. VENOUS STASIS
3. ACTIVATION OF CLOT FORMATION (COAGULATION)

ACTIVE ROM -

PASSIVE ROM –

IPC – INTERMITTENT PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION – inflates every 10-20 seconds

ATELECTASIS – LUNG COLLAPSE

PULMONARY ANGIOGRAM – BETTER VISUALIZATION COMPARED TO CHEST XRAY, AND IT REQUIRES THE
USE OF A DYE/CONTRAST MEDIUM

ANTI COAGULANT THERAPY – MEDICINES THAT PREVENTS FORMATION OF BLOOD CLOT (HEPARIN ,
WARFARIN)

THROMBOLYTICS – DISSOLVES/DESTROYS BLOOD CLOT , (always remember USA)

U- UROKINASE

S – STREPTOKINASE

A – ALTEPLASE

AVOID THE FOLLOWING DRUGS DURING THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY:

1. CLOPIDOGREL – BLOOD THINNERS

2. ASPIRIN –
MEDICATIONS THAT INCREASES THE RISK FOR PE:

1. HRT DRUGS
2. CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
3. ANTI PSYCHOTIC DRUGS (CHLORPROMAZINE)

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA – MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CAP-

GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA –

PLEURISY – INFLAMMATION OF LUNG TISSUE THAT SEPARATES THE LUNGS AND THR RIBCAGE

IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS:

1. PATIENTS WITH CANCE

2. PATIENTS WITH HIV, AIDS, SARS

PCP – PENUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA – A TYPE OF PNEUMONIA THAT AFFECTS PEOPLE WITH HIV,
AIDS

INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS:

- HISTAMINE, LEUKOTRIENES, PROSTAGLANDINS, THROMBOXANES, ETC.

V/Q MISMATCH

V = VENTILATION

Q = PERFUSSION

ARTERIAL HYPOXEMIA – LOW OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN THE ARTERIES

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS – CAUSE OF HAP

PYROGENS – MAKES THE TEMPERATURE RISE

HEMOPTYSIS – COUGHING OUT WITH BLOOD

LEUKOCYTOSIS – INCREASED IN WHITE BLOOD CELL SECONDARY TO INFECTION.

HYPONATREMIA –

SIADH – SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE

HEPATOTOXIC DRUG – THEY DESTROY LIVER CELLS

MACROLIDES –

EX: STREPTOMYCIN, ERYTHROMYCIN, CLARITHROMYCIN