Aplikasi Bahasa Inggris

Tugas Pertemuan 5

DISUSUN OLEH :

NICKOLA SAPUTRA (20045058)

DOSEN PENGAMPU :

Dra. Rahmanelli, M.Pd

PENDIDIKAN GEOGRAFI (S1)

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
TUGAS PERTEMUAN 5. LOKASI, WAKTU, DAN PETA

1. Take Main Idea in Reading Text please!

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Although it may seem to us that we live on a flat surface, we know that the surface of our earth is
round. The curvature (roundness) of the earth can be seen from a highflying airplane.

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Long ago, Greek philosophers understood that the world was round. In later times, however,
some people believed it was flat.

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Because the earth is round, when we want to describe or measure the earth’s surface as a whole,
we must speak in terms of circles and spheres. Circles, besides being measured in feet, inches,
miles, and so on, can be measured in a different way, in degrees.

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The two most important circles are the equator and a line called the prime meridian, with its
extension, the 180º meridian. The equator circles the earth halfway between the poles and
divides it into a northern half and a southern half. The prime meridian and the 180º meridian
together run through the poles to circle the earth and divide it into an eastern half and a western
half.

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When the system of latitude and longitude was developed, there was no difficulty in fixing the
equator. People knew of the existence of the north and south poles, and could put the equator
halfway between. But there are no east and west poles.

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Both the equator and the circle formed by the prime meridian are called great circles. Great
circles are those which divide the world into two equal parts. Such a circle may be drawn
through any points on the earth, just as an orange may be divided in half by a cut joining any two
points on its surface

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The distance around the equator is about 25,000 miles. Since there are 360º in a circle, each
degree of longitude on the equator is equal to 69 miles.

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Any meridian or other great circle divides the earth into two hemisphere. However, when we
speak of the northern and southern hemispheres, we mean the two halves the north and south of
the equator.

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Both the equator and the circle formed by the prime meridian are called great circles. Great
circles are those which divide the world into two equal parts. Such a circle may be drawn
through any points on the earth, just as an orange may be divided in half by a cut joining any two
points on its surface.

2. Answer the questions above !

a. How can you see the curvature of the earth?

There are actually many ways to see the curvature of the earth.

 If you are by the ocean, you can lie on your stomach and watch the sun go down and once
the sun appears to have set, try to stand and jump, and you will see that the sun has not
completely set!
 Climb to the highest floor of a tall building like the Burj Khalifa, CN Tower or Shanghai
Tower. Look around from the observation deck at the top, and you will see the curvature
of the earth.
 Or when you are on vacation/traveling by plane, look out the plane window. You will be
able to see the curvature of the earth.
 If you're an adrenaline junkie, go skydiving! This is a great way to see the beauty of the
earth, and also the curvature of the earth is more obvious if you are skydiving!

b. Explain what is meant by latitude and longitude.

 Latitude: an imaginary line that circles the earth drawn from west to east. Latitude is an
imaginary line used to determine the location on earth to the equator. Earth has 180
latitudes, i.e. 90 north latitude and 90 south latitude.
 Longitude: an imaginary line in the form of a straight line connecting the earth from the
north pole to the south pole. Earth is divided into 360 longitudes, which are 180 west
longitudes and 180 east longitudes

c. What is a great circle?

 A Great Circle is any circle that circumnavigates the Earth and passes through the center of
the Earth. A great circle always divides the Earth in half, thus the Equator is a great circle (but no
other latitudes) and all lines of longitude are great circles.

d. How many miles are there in a degree at the equator?

The distance around the equator is about 25,000 miles. Since there are 360º in a circle, each
degree of longitude on the equator is equal to 69 miles.

e. How it is calculated?

For example, on March 21 at 12.00, the Sun is directly above Kota Bangun (near Samarinda),
while in Pontianak the Sun is still tilted 7o to the east. The distance from Pontianak to Kota
Bangun is 790 km, and both are located on the Equator line. So, the circumference of the Equator
is 360/7 × 790 km = 40,629 km. From here, we get the Earth's radius = 6,464 km. This rough
calculation is not much different from the agreed radius of the Earth, which is 6,371 km.

f. What is the prime meridian?

The prime meridian is the meridian (longitude) whose longitude lies at 0°. The prime
meridian from the North Pole passes through the cities of Greenwich, London in England,
France, Spain, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, and then passes through the South
Pole.

g. Why are time zones necessary?

A time zone is an imaginary line on which we divide the earth to determine the division of
time and is a useful resource for being able to regulate time across the planet. The time zone shift
is necessary because the earth rotates once every 24 hours with 360 degrees of longitude, every
hour the earth rotates a quarter circle or 15 degrees longitude.

h. What is the international date line ?

International Date Line is an imaginary line on the earth's surface that serves to offset the
increase in time when a person travels eastward through various time zones.