1

The Perception of Senior High School Learners Regarding The 2022 Presidential Candidates

Submitted to the Faculty of

Bolinao Integrated School

In Partial Fulfillment

For the Applied Subject

Practical Research 1

Submitted by:

Alyza Mae P. Navarro

John Vincent C. Camero

Maxene Joy N. Ligas

Rechell C. Caampued

Jasmine R. Catabay

Allen Johann M. Pre

JUNE 2022

1
2

APPROVAL FORM

Title of the Research Study:The Perception Of Senior High School Learners

Regarding The 2022 Presidential Election

Name of Researchers: Alyza Mae P. Navarro

John Vincent C. Camero

Maxene Joy N. Ligas

Rechell C. Caampued

Jasmine R. Catabay

Allen Johann M. Pre

Date Approved:

2
3

ABSTRACT

Young people in Philippines have increasingly attracted to the vast attention

especially in politics.Youth stand and act on what they think is right and aiming the

good governance to help the country and future.Nowadays,being silent is what young

people frighten, to combat, they will make an action in voicing out their rights and

truths, which gives a big help in solving problems and a better nation. As youth is one

of a high group of population and some are registered voter.

This study has explored the perception and attitude of the senior high school

learners in Bolinao Integrated School towards the 2022 Presidential Elections.The

study has analyzed political engagement and involvement on how youth perceive their

political leaders, youth coping mechanism in the barriers they face in political

participation and the effects of social media in persuading their political beliefs.

The findings and discussion in this study are the result of sources of

data,involving 42 participants, 35 students from Grade 11 responded in the survey

form and 7 students from Grade 12, some of them are voters and non voter.Providing

descriptive analysis of their political perceptions and behaviour,this paper argues that

the youth are the great contributors of the current political governance and culture in

Philippine democracy.

3
4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank our mother and father for allowing us to become who

we are today,for the financial support,nurturing and supporting our dreams,which

inspire us for all the work we do.A special thank you to all of our sisters, brothers and

friends for helping and guiding us in writing process and for the moral support they

gave.

This research paper would not have been what it is,without the understanding

and help of our research adviser Marites C. Yanguas and her friend Juanito Odon.

For sharing their knowledge, expertise, valuable inputs, comments, guidance,

encouragement and support were the key motivation throughout our research.

To our principal. Ma. Cecilia T. Balgua and our Head Teacher, Abraham T.

Toledo for allowing us to conduct this research during our class in a new normal set

up.

And foremost, to God almighty for the unconditional love,unending support,

guidance and strength, who bestowed good health and wisdom to make this research

possible and materialized.

4
5

DEDICATIONS

This research is wholeheartedly and lovingly dedicated to our beloved family,

who have been our source of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought of

giving up, who continually provide their moral,spiritual,emotional, and financial

support.

To my research adviser,mentors and friends who share their words of wisdom

and encouragement to finish this study.It is also dedicated to the youth of

Bolinao,Pangasinan who believes in a better societal governance.

5
6

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval form

Abstract

Acknowledgement

Dedication

Lists of Tables

Background of the Study

Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Research Design

Sources of Data

Instrumentation and Data Collection

Data Gathering Instruments Data Gathering Procedure

Tools for Data Analysis

6
7
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the Background of the study,Conceptual Framework,

Statement of the Problem,Significance of the Study,Scope and Limitations and

Definition of Terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Philippine government in previous years was a patriarchal,before spanish

colonization.The unit of government was the barangay,a settlement of about 30 to 100
families.Barangays were independent of each other and was governed by a datu.A
datu who gained position by inheritance,physical power or wealth.New form of
government was introduce by the colonization of spaniards the administration of
Philippines was assisted by many boards and officers called the Gobernador-
Heneral.After the succession of revolution against Spain,Japan,and America the
Republic of the Philippines was the first constitutional democracy in Asia.

Democracy is a form of government which it is the power of people,the voice

of the people is counted in choosing the leader.Every single voice is matter including

the youth.Philippines is a democratic country,every six years the executive branch

have to change,thats how the democracy government works.This year 2022 is the 17th

president of the Philippines,another set of Presidential Candidates was named by

THE PERCEPTION
Commision on ElectionOF(COMELEC)
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

According to 1987 Constitution,Article 5,person has the right to vote if 18

years of age,and shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year.The youth

age in Philippines ranges between 15-30 as defined in the youth in Notion-Building

7
8

Act of 1995.Some young ages are qualified to vote and some are non voters because

of age requirements.However age qualification in the youth is not a hindrance to raise

the awareness,their perception.

According to Tamanna,2015,youth in politics can be a creative force,a source

of innovation that brings positive changes in political system.Not all young people

want to be engaged in political issues they are called as apathetic in politics or

apolitical,some young ages are neutral when it comes to opening their perception to

the candidate leaders afraid enough to judge,and others have courage enough to voice

out their perceptions.(Levy,2019).The participation of Filipino youth is not to merry

the party,but the most important is the participation describes the perception regarding

the presidentiables.

Perception is everything in politics.People perceived and define politics have

provided valuable contribution to our knowledge of what people do and do not think

of as politics(C. Gortz and V. Dahl,2020).People have own preferences in every

Presidential candidates,often use in communication to give opinion and judgement.In

this time,election is a controversial topic on social media.Social media platforms can

affect the political systems of different states in varying ways.(Schleffer and

Miller,2021).It could give right political information and misinformation,but will

THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

never be a credible source to support believes.How social media affects youth

perception?How do perception helps the Filipino youth in choosing their presidential

8
9

candidate? How youth deal on others judgement just by sharing their opinions? What

are the perception of youth regarding Presidentiables?

1.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This used to gather profile of the Senior High School Students such as age,

gender, political constituency, political engagement through survey as the

independent variables for the study to help determine the effect of social media

influence in political views and the perceptions of senior high school students towards

the presidential elections. After data obtained researchers will analyze and interpret

the data in the easiest possible way. Formulated as a study entittled perceptions of

senior high school regarding the 2022 presidential election.

9
 10
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

1.3 RESEARCH PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. The Demographic
Profile of Senior High
School Students in terms
of:

1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Voter or Non Creating Self-made Survey
Voter Questions
1.4 Political “The Perception of Senior
Engagement High School Learners
a) Supports in Regarding The 2022
social media Conducting a Survey Presidential Candidates”
b) attended
Political rally
2. The effect of social
media in youth Analysis and
perception. Interpretation
3. Youth perception
help in selecting
president.
4. Strategies of youth
in dealing on others
judgement to their
opinions.
5. The Perception of
youth to the
presidentiables.

10
11
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

1.4 Statement of the Problem

1.The Demographic profile of Filipino youth in the sense of ;

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Registered Voter or Non Voter

1.4 Political Engagement

a) Show support in social media

b) Attended political rally

c) Religious beliefs

d) Other

2. The effects of social media in youth political preference.

3. Strategies of youth on others judgement to their political views and opinion.

4. Perceptions of senior high school students to the presidential election.

1.5 Significance of the study

Upon the completion of the study,This will be beneficial to the following:

To the Youth.This study will able to help them in expressing their thoughts

and perception about the presidential candidates.

To the Voters.This study will help them to be mindful in electing leaders.

11
12
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

To the Government.This study would be beneficial to them through this they

can acquire knowledge which they can apply in giving good governance.

To the Future researchers.Ideas and conclusions that will be formulated upon

the completion of this study will serve as a reference.

1.6 Scope and Limitations

This research will only cover the latest Philippine Presidential election to

identify the perceptions of senior high school students and how it helps.This study

seeks their insights and opinions about the effect of social media,strategies of young

people in dealing judgement and perception.

This study will be conducted in Bolinao Integrated School.The participants

will be the senior high school learners. Registered voter and not voter will still get.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Perception- The insights and opinions, on how people perceived someone.

Youth- The period between childhood and adult age. Ages 15-30.

12
13
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

President- usually an elected by the country to lead and give them good governance.

Election is one way to decide who will be the president.

Government- The governing body of a nation, state and community.

Democracy- A type of government in which peoples voice is heard when deciding

who will rule them and people have independence

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE ANS STUDIES

2.1 Foreign Literature

2.1.1 Youth Political Participation

Youth in politics can be creative force,a source of innovation that brings

positive changes in political systems(Tamanna,2015).Young people are interested in

politics,and single issue politics can have a big impact on them(Coe et al.,2016)on the

13
14 THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

basis of this study conceived the concept of “Youth Politics as Multiple

Processes”,which indicates that youth political participation is characterized by very

distinct restrictions such as age limits,adults disinterest in youth-demands,and state-

centered definitions of politics.However the forms,and aims of young political

enagagement are evolving and expanding(Barrett and Zani,2015).The youths are

interested in political life around them and hold critical views about political

candidates(L.Cabo,2018).This study provides terminologies and logics that used to

discuss young people political participation(Weiss,2020).The potential for a youth to

arise is strong,this generation enthusiasm power,and capacity to voice out can lead to

change(Jorge,2020).

2.2 Local Literature

2.2.1 Factors Affecting Youth Preferences

There are many factors affecting the youth preferences to the political

candidates,and it persuade them by giving right political information and

misinformation.Understanding electoral outcomes hinges on the evaluation of what

makes youth view political candidates.

14
15
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

Socio-demographic background,gender,ethnicity and belonging to a least

known political party affects candidates(Kittleson and Pande,2016).The influence of

pre-election polls to voting preferences and propaganda (Dahlgaart et. al.,2017 and

Vandello 2016).Social media platforms affects political systems in different varying

ways.Spreading right information,most common false information and biases in every

political candidates(Schellfer and Miller,2021).In the 2022 national elections young

Filipino reminds to vote right leader for future to go in a right path stated by(De

Leon,2021).

2.3 FOREIGN STUDIES

2.3.Perception to the Government.

Perception is the process by which an individual maintains contact with his her

environment. A study conducted in Indonesia, the perception of youth is positive nor

negative,the perceptions tend to become positive if the society and government have a

commitment continuously to valuate and improve prosperity-based democratic

system(Al-Hamdi et. al. 2017).This study provides perception of government

transparency(Relly and Sabharwall, 2019).

15
16
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

2.4 LOCAL STUDIES

2.4.1 Youth in Organizational Decision Making

On the study conducted by the students of university of the Philippines Cebu

with the touched of Shephered Zeldin and etc. study (2020). On the impacts of youth

on the adult and organization , they concluded that youth has significance effect on

organizations. It does not happen all the time because sometimes young people are not

prepared or motivated to influenced others. Sometimes Organizations are not ready to

work with the youth.

According to them “ There is a good fit between their stage of development

and organizational needs.” Usually youth is the keepers of vision and mission in many

organizations. Youth also bring fresh perspective to the decision making helps change

organization for the better.

16
17
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the Research Design,Sources of Data Instrumentation

and Data Collection and Tools for Data Analysis.This chapter shows how the

researches came to the necessary data were analyzed, interpreted, and presented in the

easiest possible way.

3.1 Research Design

The researcher made use of descriptive method of the research in this

study.Through this method it described the perceptions of senior high school students

to the presidential election.The data and information gathered from the survey will

collected and computed, analyzed and interpreted, the results will present in the form

of narrative description.

3.2 Sources of Data

The researchers will use cluster sampling under probability sampling.The

participants are chosen based on the knowledge they have about the study.Participants

will be the grade 11-12 learners only studying in Bolinao Integrated School, because

they are the youth common engaged in politics.

17
18
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

3.3 Instrumentation and Data Collection

The researchers used survey a self-completion survey,the questionnaire was

send via email,mail,messenger or short message service(SMS) that supports google

form, which allow participants time to consider their answers.If needed,the researcher

assisted participants regarding their concerns in the questionnaire.

3.4 Tools For Data Analysis

The data is edited after it was collected.b Answers are arranged and checked

after being edited and was coded.The researchers used tabular form and descriptive

analysis in interpreting the data collected, this allows to be organized and easily

understand for further analysis.

18
19 THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results. The analysis and interpretation of data

gathered from the answers to the questionnaires distributed to the chosen field. The

said data were presented in tabular form in accordance with the specific questions

located in the statement of the problem.

4.1 Profile of the Participants

Table 1.1 Age of the Participants

AGE COUNT RANK

16 years old 12 2

17 years old 23 1

18 years old 7 3

TOTAL 42

As shown in the Table 1.1, 23 of the participants are belonged in age of 17

followed by the age of 16 with 12 participants and 7 in the age of 18. Therefore, most

of the participants answer on the questionnaire came from youth with an age of 17.

According to the Civil Code of the Philippines RA 6809, majority of youth is at the

age grouped of 15-18.

19
20
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

Table 1.2 Gender of the Participants

GENDER COUNT RANK

Female 34 1

Male 8 2

TOTAL 42

Table 1.2 shows that in 42 participants there are 34 female and 8 male.

Majority of the responds came from females.

Table 1.3 The Participants Government Constituency

CONSTITUENT COUNT RANK

Registered Voter 8 2

Not Voter 34 1

TOTAL 42

As shown in the Table 1.3, most of the participants are not a voter and 8 of them are

registered and eligible to vote, Meaning most of the youth specifically the senior high

school students in Bolinao Integrated School are not yet voters because of age

qualification, According to the Article 5 of the 1987 Constitution.

20
21

THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

Table 1.4 Religion of the Participants

RELIGION COUNT RANK

ROMAN CATHOLIC 29 1

BAPTIST 2 4

IGLESIA NI CRISTO 4 2

BORN AGAIN CHRISTIAN 3 3

LATTER-DAY SAINTS 1 5

METHODIST 1 5

CRUSADERS 1 5

JEHOVAH’S WITNESS 1 5

TOTAL 42

Table 1.4 presents that 42 participants , 29 of them are Roman Catholic, 4 of

them are Iglesia ni Cristo, 3 are Born Again Christian followed by Baptist with 2

response, and Latter-Day Saints, Methodist, Crusaders, Jehovahs Witness with 1

response. In the survey conducted of indexmundi, the religion of Roman Catholic in

the Philippines has the highest member of about 80.6%.

21
22
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

Table 1.5 Participants Political Engagement.

POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT COUNT RANK

A. Show support through social 21 2

media

B. Attended political rally 3 3

C. Religious Belief 1 4

D. Others 0 5

E. No 17 1

TOTAL 42

Table 1.5 shows, the findings that plurality of the participants show their

support in presidential election through the means of social media, 3 of them attended

political rally, 1 of them do not have political engagement because of religious belief

and 17 participants do not have any political engagement or involvement.

4.2 RESEARCH FINDINGS

Table 2.1 Social Media Affect Influence Political Views.

22
23 THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022 P
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT COUNT RANK

YES 28 1

NO 14 2

TOTAL 42

In the Table 2.1 , the findings that majority of the participants agreed that

social media affects their political preference however, 14 disagreed that social media

does not affect their political preferences. In the research study of Aima et. al, (2019)

the findings was younger generations are very active on social media to participate in

online and offline political happenings.

Table 2.2 Experienced Judgement in Sharing Opinions.

DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT COUNT RANK

YES 32 1

NO 10 2

TOTAL 42

Table 2.2 shows, the findings that most of the participants agreed that

they experienced being judge by others when they give their opinions or

insights about presidential candidates nevertheless, 10 disagreed that they do

23
24 THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022 P
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

not experienced being judge. Liberal democracy, Policy decision incorporate

the opinions of its citizens (Kim, Wall, De Vries, 2019), therefore experiencing

judgement in politics is normal.

2.5 Youth Coping Strategies on Others Judgement .

2022 election made people to be politically aware especially the young adults.

They share and exchange their thoughts and fact-based source about their chosen

President,which leads to a debate or argument resulting the emotional health effects.In

the survey we conducted, 9 of the participants answered as same as the grade 11

student said:

“I will argue with them until they get my point and beliefs.”

20 of the participants answered like what grade 11 pupil said:

“I will just ignore them, let them think whatever they want.”

12 of the participants has the similar answer to what grade 12 pupil said:

“Accept and respect their opinions.”

,And only 1 grade 11 student answered:

24
25
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022 P
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

“I didn’t experienced being judge by my political belief since my

religion is Jehovah’s Witness.”

It can be concluded that most of their coping mechanism is giving silent

treatment and respecting others judgement however, 8 of them will argue.For

Jehovah’s Witnesses the act of voting and involvement goes against what Jesus would

have done (Dolbee, 2020). It is understandable that participant from grade 11 did not

experienced being criticize by political views because of the religion belong.

2.6 Social Media as a Tool for Reliable Information.

Social media has been an important platform in giving people awareness about

an issue. In the survey we conducted about 13 of the participants said that social

media is a reliable source like what a grade 12 student answered:

“Yes. Considering in social media there is a news page and reliable famous person

that give awareness.”

,and 22 of the participants said that social media is not a reliable source to get

information, like what the grade 11 student stated:

25
26
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022 P
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

“No. It is not a reliable source because it is full of peoples opinion that may be biased

or fake and its an app for entertainment not a great source of facts.”

Moreover 7 of the participants are in an average answer:

“Maybe. There are facts in social media depending on whose person but social media

sometimes spread fake news.”

It can be concluded that most of the participants disagreed that social media is

a reliable or credible source of information, 12 of them agreed that it can be a reliable

source of information.Social media is currently not a reliable source, but that does not

mean it cannot become one in near future according to Anderson and Rainie (2017).

2.7 Youth Perception to The 2022 Presidential Candidates.

Perception is everything in politics.People perceived and define politics have

provided valuable contribution to our knowledge of what people do and do not think

of as politics(C. Gortz and V. Dahl,2020). In the survey we conducted to the senior

high learners they respond:

“Its better and all of them are worth it.”

26
27
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022 P
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

“All of the presidentiables have their own strength to lead but not all of them

are capable.They have issues, there is no person whose as clean as coupon, all they

want is to help country and us.”

“Most of them choose negative campaigning.”

All of the participants have answered similar to the three statement above.This

conclude that young ages are aware about the happenings of the national election.

Resulting, youth political participation is evident and helped them in having

perception towards the presidentiables. According to National Democratic Institute

when given youth an opportunity to organize,voice their opinions and play a

meaningful role in political decision making , young people consistently demonstrate

their willingness and ability to foster positive lasting change.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY,CONCLUSION,RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of the study, conclusion and the

recommendations based on the data gathered.

27
28
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022 P
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

4.1 SUMMARY

This study determined the “Perception of Senior High School Learners

Regarding the 2022 Presidential Election”. It was finalized by asking forty-two (42)

participants using the survey questionnaire. Survey questionnaire as instruments to the

study used to gather information. Specifically it attempted to answer the questions

about the demographic profile of the participants in terms of age, gender, religion,

political constituency and political engagement. Also how social media affect their

political beliefs, how they handle others judgement, their perceptions to the 2022

presidential elections. Applying the scope and limitations of this study. After

analyzing and understanding the data, findings were formulated.

4.2 CONCLUSSION

1. Half of the participants agreed that social media platform affects their

preference to the presidential candidates, It was confirmed by the 28 participants

answer.

2. Most of the participants experienced judgement of others when sharing

their political beliefs and opinion. It was confirmed by the 32 participants answer.

3. Majority of the participants coping mechanism on others judgement to their

belief was ignoring them and stay silent. It was verified by the 32 participants answer.

4. The participants disagreed that social media is a reliable or credible source

of information. It was verified by the 22 students who answered.

28
29
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022 P
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

5. All of the participants were aware and have thoughts regarding the 2022

presidential election. The claim of this study was supported by the 42 students who

answered the survey questionnaire.

4.3 RECOMMENDATION

1. Based on the findings, social media affect their political views. Senior high

school students should learn how to use social media platforms constructively.

2. The participants experienced being judge when sharing political beliefs. In a

liberal democratic country, it is normal to be judge by others however, do not

let them judge the private life. Least can do is to not mind them, in that there

will be no fight or argument that could happen.

3. The participants strategy is to ignore others judgement. Ignoring them is the

easiest way to escape fight to the people who are not worth the time. Person

who judge someone intentionally has nothing to do on their own. We cannot

persuade a person who already decided their political stand.

4. Social media is not a reliable source according to the grade 11 and 12

learners. Social media could be a reliable source depend on the situation. To

give an instance, if a doctor post about a common symptoms of covid-19,

therefore it can conclude that it is reliable, but in politics social media is not.

In finding sources in politics have an intensive research.

29
30
THE PERCEPTION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS REGARDING THE 2022 P
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

5. Participants has their own perception none of them leave blank the question.

Having perception to the presidentiables is a great help to be more mindful in

electing leaders, trust to the leadership, attitude to the governance and building

a better nation for our future.

30
31

REFERENCES

ELECTRONICS

JOURNALS

Weiss, J. (2020). What Is Youth Political Participation? Literature Review on

Youth Political Participation and Political Attitudes. Frontiers in
Political Science, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.00001

Batara, E., Labadan, A. K., & Roa, M. (2021). Factors Affecting Youth Voting
Preferences in the Philippine Senatorial Election: A Structural
Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 12(3),
242–264. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.123137

31
32

32
33

APPENDIX B

1 Profile of the Participants

AGE

AGE COUNT PERCENTAGE

16 years old 12 28.6%

17 years old 23 54.7%

18 years old 7 16.6%

TOTAL 42 100%

GENDER

GENDER COUNT PERCENTAGE

Female 34 80.9%

Male 8 19%

TOTAL 42 100%

POLITICAL CONSTITUENCY

CONSTITUENT COUNT PERCENTAGE

Registered Voter 8 19%

33
34

Not Voter 34 80.9%

TOTAL 42 100%

RELIGION

RELIGION COUNT PERCENTAGE

ROMAN CATHOLIC 29 69%

BAPTIST 2 4.76%

IGLESIA NI CRISTO 4 9.52%

BORN AGAIN CHRISTIAN 3 7.14%

LATTER-DAY SAINTS 1 2.38%

METHODIST 1 2.38%

CRUSADERS 1 2.38%

JEHOVAH’S WITNESS 1 2.38%

TOTAL 42 100%

SOCIAL MEDIA AFFECT INFLUENCED POLITICAL VIEW

DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT COUNT PERCENTAGE

YES 28 66.6%

NO 14 33.3%

TOTAL 42 100%

34
35

EXPERIENCED JUDGEMENT IN SHARING OPINION

DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT COUNT RANK

YES 32 76.1%

NO 10 23.8%

TOTAL 42 100%

35
36

APPENDIX C

36
37

37