PREVENTION & EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER

LECTURE BY: DR. FRANCIS NIÑO ARCINAS CAÑEDO, MD, FPCP (HARRISON’S INTERNAL MEDICINE CHAPTER 66)
3RD YEAR, 2ND SEMESTER- ONCOLOGY MODULE

EDUCATION & HEALTHFUL HABITS -

~ Prevention is better than cure
SMOKING CESSATION
● Modifiable risk factor
● Causes more CVD deaths than cancer
● Cancers from the Lungs, Larynx, Esophagus, Kidney
Bladder, Colon, Pancreas and Stomach are all
tobacco-related cancers
● 30-50% LOWER 10-year lung cancer mortality rate if one
stops smoking
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
● Associated with a decreased risk of colon and breast
cancer
DIET MODIFICATION
● High Fat Diet: Breast, Colon, Prostate and Endometrium;
Western
● Dietary Fiber: Colon Cancer
● BALANCED DIET RA JUD TA!
ENERGY BALANCE
● BMI >25 kg/m2 increases cancer risk
● Each 5 kg/m2 was linearly associated with cancers of the
uterus, gallbladder, cervix, thyroid, and leukemia
SUN AVOIDANCE
● Non melanoma skin cancers (basal cell and squamous)
are induced by cumulative exposure to UV radiation
● Sunburns
● Sunscreens
● Melanoma

CHEMOPREVENTION -
~ Use of specific natural or synthetic agents to reverse, suppress,
or prevent carcinogenesis before the development of invasive
malignancy
~ INITIATORS and PROMOTERS
~Antimutagenic, hormone modulation, anti-inflammatory,
antiproliferative, or proapoptotic activity (or a combination)
UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT CANCERS
● Smoking cessation
● HPV vaccine
● Isotretinoin
COLON CANCER
● NSAIDs
● Aspirin 75mg per day
● Calcium ???
● Estrogen + Progestin ???
BREAST CANCER
● TAMOXIFEN
● RALOXIFENE
● Aromatase Inhibitors
PROSTATE CANCER
● Finasteride and Dutasteride ?
● Vitamin E ???
VACCINES
● Hepatitis B vaccine
● HPV vaccine

PREVENTION & EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER 1

 SURGICAL PREVENTION - -CANCER SCREENING -
● Hysterectomy ● Early detection of asymptomatic
● Colectomy ● Cervical, Colon, Lung and Breast Cancers
● Mastectomy ● Genetic
● Salpingo-oophorectomy ● Sensitivity vs. Specificity
● BIAS

PREVENTION & EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER 2

PREVENTION & EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER 3