Thank you miss Marasigan

As she had said earlier, now we are talking about the world's leading environmental problems.
So the first 6 list of the environmental challenges that the world faces today was already
discussed by miss…..

So now let me continue the discussion .

The 7th environmental challenges is…(7)

So it is very understandable naman na due to deforestation nga ay nagkakaroon ng ganitong
problem wherein mas lamang na yung carbon dioxide instead of oxygen. So ano nga ba yung
deforestation?

Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern
times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain
wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes
around the world. Although may magandang benefits sa tao ang deforestation, behind this
meron pa ring problem na hindi nakikita ng ibang tao wherein nagreresult nga ito sa reduction of
oxygen while the carbon dioxide increase contiously. And then that results to ocean
acidification.

Ocean acidification refers to a reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period of time,
caused primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. So in this case ang
carbon dioxide ay nasisipsip, ito ay tumutugon sa tubig ng karagatan upang bumuo ng carbonic
acid. Ang prosesong ito ay tinatawag na pag-aasid ng karagatan. Sa paglipas ng panahon,
nagiging mas acidic ang tubig ng karagatan. Ito ay maaaring magkaroon ng marahas na
kahihinatnan sa mga korales at iba pang buhay sa dagat, na may epekto sa mga industriya ng
pangingisda at turismo.Ocean acidification is one aspect of global climate change. Anything we
do to mitigate climate change today will benefit the future of the ocean as well. Over the last
decade, there has been much focus in the ocean science community on studying the potential
impacts of ocean acidification.

The most effective way to limit ocean acidification is to act on climate change, implementing
solutions to dramatically reduce the use of fossil fuels. If we dramatically cut our global warming
emissions, and we limit future warming, we can significantly reduce the harm to marine
ecosystems.

Next is number (8)....

So before I tell you what causes the depletion of the ozone layer , let me tell you first How does
the ozone layer protect life on Earth from harmful UV radiation?
The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs a portion of the radiation from the sun, preventing it
from reaching the planet's surface. Most importantly, it absorbs the portion of UV light called
UVB. UVB is a kind of ultraviolet light from the sun (and sun lamps) that has several harmful
effects.
So now, what causes the depletion of the ozone layer and what is the impact of it especially to
the human being? ozone depletion, gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the upper
atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or
bromine from industry and other human activities.Ozone depletion is a major environmental
problem because it increases the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches Earth’s
surface, which increases the rate of skin cancer, eye cataracts, and genetic and immune system
damage. The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals,
especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam- blowing
agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),The depletion of the ozone layer has harmful effects on the
human health, animals, environment and marine life.

Even a simple person can help to avoid the depletion of ozone layer, how? We should avoid the
consumption of gases dangerous to the ozone layer, Minimize the use of cars. The best
transport option is urban, bicycle, or walking.

Next is number (9)....

Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic
components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or
dry forms. This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic.When acid rain and
dry acidic particles fall to earth, the nitric and sulfuric acid that make the particles acidic can land
on statues, buildings, and other manmade structures, and damage their surfaces. The acidic
particles corrode metal and cause paint and stone to deteriorate more quickly

Do acid rain can hurt you? acid rain cannot harm humans directly, the sulfur dioxide that creates
it can cause health problems. Specifically, sulfur dioxide particles in the air can encourage
chronic lung problems, like asthma and bronchitis.

So what are the 3 Adverse effects of acid rain?. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse
impacts on forests, freshwaters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms as well as causing
damage to buildings and having impacts on human health.

So how can we avoid acid rain?A great way to reduce acid rain is to produce energy without
using fossil fuels. Instead, people can use renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind
power. Renewable energy sources help reduce acid rain because they produce much less
pollution.Since energy production creates large amounts of the pollutants that cause acid rain,
one important step you can take is to conserve energy. You can do this in a number of ways:
-Turn off lights, computers, televisions, video games, and other electrical equipment when
you're not using them.
-Encourage your parents to buy equipment that uses less electricity, including lights, air
conditioners, heaters, refrigerators, and washing machines. Such equipment might have the
Energy Star label.
-Try to limit the use of air conditioning.
-Ask your parents to adjust the thermostat (the device used to control the temperature in your
home) when you go on vacation.

Next is number (10).....

Water pollution reduces the ability of the body of water to provide the ecosystem services that it
would otherwise provide.Water pollution is the release of substances into bodies of water that
makes water unsafe for human use and disrupts aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution can be
caused by a plethora of different contaminants, including toxic waste, petroleum, and disease-
causing microorganisms.

What human activities cause water pollution?

Human activities that generate domestic sewage and toxic waste cause water pollution by
contaminating water with disease-causing microorganisms and poisonous substances. Oil spills
are another source of water pollution that have devastating impacts on surrounding ecosystems.

What Can You Do as a human If you want to help keep our waters clean, there are many things
you can do to help. You can prevent water pollution of nearby rivers and lakes as well as
groundwater and drinking water by following some simple guidelines in your everyday life.

-Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps prevent
water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs treatment.
-Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don’t throw paints, oils or other forms
of litter down the drain. Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder,
household cleaning agents and toiletries.
-Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of the
material into nearby water sources.
-By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertiliser, pesticides and contaminated
water from running off into nearby water sources. And last,
-Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in
rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin.

Next is number (11)...

Urban sprawl refers to the expansion of poorly planned, low-density, auto-dependent
development, which spreads out over large amounts of land, putting long distances between
homes, stores, and work and creating a high segregation between residential and commercial
uses with harmful impacts on the people living in these areas and the ecosystems and wildlife
that have been displaced. Although some would argue that urban sprawl has its benefits, such
as creating local economic growth, urban sprawl has many negative consequences for residents
and the environment, such as higher water and air pollution, increased traffic fatalities and jams,
loss of agricultural capacity, increased car dependency, higher taxes, increased runoff into
rivers and lakes, harmful effects on human health and many more.

So what are simple ways to prevent urban sprawl?Preserving natural resources such as
farmland, parks, open spaces and unused land is one way to reduce urban sprawl. Preserving
the land keeps it as is. Thus, wildlife and animals aren't removed from their homes and forced
closer to cities.

Second to the last we have number 12….

So for number 12, since we are talking about threats to public health, one major challenge na
nga is yung pandemic,when we say pandemic it is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has
spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a
substantial number of individuals. And example nito is yung covid 19 na up until today is
nararanasan pa rin natin.

Another threat to public heath is yung waste on drinking water wherein yung Feces and urine
from both humans and animals carry many disease-causing organisms. Wastewater also may
contain harmful chemicals and heavy metals known to cause a variety of environmental and
health problems.When untreated wastewater reaches water used as a drinking water source for
the community, there can be significant health risks. The effectiveness of drinking water
treatment can be reduced when water is heavily contaminated with waste. To ensure safe
drinking water, communities need both effective water and wastewater treatment. In addition,
communities need to make sure that untreated wastes are not disposed of improperly on land
where people can come in direct contact with it or where it can attract disease-carrying insects
or animals.

Until the mid-20th century, solid wastes were generally collected and placed on top of the
ground in uncontrolled “open dumps,” which often became breeding grounds for rats,
mosquitoes, flies, and other disease carriers and were sources of unpleasant odours,
windblown debris, and other nuisances. Dumps can contaminate groundwater as well as pollute
nearby streams and lakes and that will also results to a risk or threat to public heath.

Lastly, we have number 13…

So before anything else, Food systems are the sum of actors and interactions along the food
value chain—from input supply and production of crops, livestock, fish, and other agricultural
commodities to transportation, processing, retailing, wholesaling, and preparation of foods to
consumption and disposal.Food systems have been central to recent unprecedented reductions
in global poverty, hunger, and undernutrition, and will be the foundation of future progress. Yet
food is among the leading causes of our global health and sustainability crises. Efforts to
sustainably end hunger and malnutrition will depend on reshaping our food systems. Radical
global changes, including rising antiglobalization sentiment and emerging technologies both
inside and outside the agriculture sector, are creating new challenges and opportunities. How
these global trends are managed will be crucial for ensuring that food systems can deliver
sufficient nutritious, affordable, and healthy food for all within the sustainability parameters of
the planet.

Global integration of national food systems—through the flow of goods, investments, people,
and knowledge—will be key to progress, but will require good governance and strong
commitment from the international community.
So next reporter pls continue..