er Advanced Strength of Prater/als Oo) 3rd Year, Structural dayneenng ranch Department of Building 4 Canstruchon (2 hrs. per week) Prof. De. Hisham Al- Hassan: References : “pAechanics of Materials” by ET Hearn ‘ 2 " tntroduchon to Mechanies of Solids” ¥ Popov 2 a" Strength of itatenal ” by Fimoshenke Program : « dntroduction fo the phenomenen Z suckling 2 Buckling of rg! Qlemns . 3 Buckling of eléshc Columar , effect of end restra‘atr , Slenderaess rato , 4. Ppplications . s Plashe Cnalysis of Axcally lraded members, @pplicatrons « 6. Plast. bending > residual strestes , Bpplicatioas « 7, Plaste Analyses of Continucus beams & Falure Yhaorves , applications@® of @ structural Buckling of Glumas the Selechon Latroduchion . characterihes js based on shree 6. Strengk > the element should be strong enough to res st fee Syl ed beacig C0 £ Vane)” a. Stiffness the element Should be thf tasugh nat to deform more Ken element certain values whiek hae seen proven acceptable ky lifferent- Spewfatiog CDS De eat” ue. Stability : he elements of the Structere Shauld be so arranged Le give @ State of Sstoble ayn baiem - Examples > der tue steel rods, each of oemeter J but @) as: one js very Short (Led) while the other ss very “ss subjected fo an anal long (L>>d). Lach rod citgnettinn Hee P fae ? A dz he - d tee Red O can carry Consiclerable 7F Ift=4 / hy force 2 acd yok Stable ee ie Red, S Rod® even ff RXR Mis Rod © Fo 7 % rod Could hecome Soe i, tA ‘od © laterally unstable threagh Side-wise buckling Anat Could Collapse -@ @ An ordinary yardshck fads by “buckling” when Subjected 40 Compression ) ‘@ hin Sheets ff? eo! in carrpag tenseon, poor ia Cartying Compression “@ Binwalled tubes may wrinkle lhe tissue pyper when Subjected to & torgue » (- xX ( ) a en Some (XX @ State of Compressive and Penile stresses. Since the 7hickness of fhe wall /s Small, fee oyflader wit buckle due fo compresvion. the reason 1s that» phe state ef pure Shear stress 75 converted orvented elements ints Conclusea s+ The material strength aloae 1s set Suffiecent te predict fe behavior of members - Since columns in buildings are subjected + Compression, buckling of these Colemar will be Studied in cletads Buk before gorrg Ahr ough fos. cdefurls, Yh Stedent thouts be familiar with the following basec Principles ~ oc e—“(iCstsSSCiCiTypes of Supports » Smooth Surface (one reaction element perpendicular Ay The Smooth surface ) 2 Roller > (one reacton element ; perpendicular to Hoe t SNR Surface of Siding) 3. Hinge, pra apr’. (7am reach on element, t he Aue perpendicular Ry forces ) Fixed End ‘, ( Hree reachon elements, os he tuo perpendicular forces and aA moment ) 5. Guided Support in 9. direction 6 ( Fixe reaction elemenH ; one force sn direchin x avd a moment) s c. Gurded Support sn X- direction Ciro reaction elements ; es $n ane force in direction y a arc & moment): 5 Ss Awal Shines. F, Hhe amount of anal free © meagenraid te procduce ome unt deformation a fewer e AE cA or Fe AEA or (Fa K-A where K = ae (s Called axial sAfness Axak Spang: 4 ‘ =F [Fae 4] tat anja spring Grstact (rfmm » kn/m) Tarsionak Speing " [= £8} Sx Torsional spring Gn fant (Aim , KN) Rigid body: Showing a0 deformation with meressing stress ro “4 Elashe body: showing deformation wrth ~inereasing A SAL ESS f é 1 { mitial i nal -~ buckle initial yh ‘ bifid “4 aes heckled vas haka=" Mage a pee B4&- $=. —— “pf fam buthtag) Eb = EAU) 22 Pe Kh Cnching 266809) {Qs el} Ans. it ee! bale) Find the buckling lancl) of fhe tit Glam aks 5p — SayerLQ Fad the bucrling bond Cee) of Pe raid Cobsonm — GE) shown in Ay 4 fet L P OL-kAL ke = ° ope “ABs 4B -B 20 "hos hho r z Superpasitioy theererr : yer yin yr & z i L + il & 4 L > ky, + ka Be ® Heh + ca Céx-@) (Ex@y fe fram ) ae « Latroduction te mechanies of baiids ” Fad fron 2r7, eaity festa Pea haba GE.aa + Pax - kab Pa 2 Kase® ke for the assembly of tow regd Columns sham Fig. , find the critical buckling Lond (f,)- A 38 tt in ried Spring Corstark Kj = 10 bal/on torsiona® Spring Conthinh k= to keh Soluken fem Fig-@ 5 2 Mnage of Hn4 + soO — Pr ZO - 32042 = 0 é Hoe Liu PO +258 RR ; x From Fy- 0; aes ory Hato — P32 — 30 O« 8 ~ 306«3 ~2wB=0 225 OF + 158 ~ Pap te =o 7 @S Ps 3t P= 16.067 %" dns HW Find the raho betveen the pangs Cone taak (Kifer) P so that Shen buckling occurs Hx Koriembad v veactim ak roller is Bevo regid a Ans. Ke 2 1.Gl esSO find the evitical (buckle long) ‘ =i . arid Ap Re turo-rigsd bar Syphe shom in FZ Sheth Blin duniiog? snes a P y - ug L % nel £3-@) yt a 46-4) kK ‘ Seca eteeee oti) is ey Os eee fom FO ; sn =e QL AEB) £8, © AE Cn 8-8) Of- Gs & Or O2- G8, - Zr20 9,2 +84 MAOH _ 2, “ar be Bs MATER | 2 TTT wang | ' > PL, = £C,-8) — 2 PL(Q+9)>K3, ——-@® 2 Bpe AHO, 2 neem oY 2k 22488 = -06/88, 4 Re 1G/®, : at 5 alae he f As-00eR PL V61EQ)= &(6WE3 -9,) \* Pl (~ 0.618 8, Dz & (- 046/83 -8,) (6B LG = O68 4S fi Ord ML = fre & 9 P20 38th. Z PrzbGk 2p GZ 2058 | He tact ny Fas j {on _ tw | Find ey aud I = - 0.618 8 Sketch modes nigag lf Auchling ot: Ps £6189, (i)_ Te $4 Find maximum vertical deflector of @ the beam AB for the case Ps 5k/a Ssuton po ea Since given P2 Ska ‘GSA ; ! ‘ = by moment— area mettod As & < oe 2 fe, #2 2e ek 3 ean ae = BX, = (¢- E-SMF4) 2 4L 4821 We Sw. Find may deflection p—~ of fhe Cantilever beam ABC A # tace® Ans mex 2FGuler Buckling load fer Pia-ended G&lumn was e (derived by the great mathematican Leonard Euler (/75 P: P aa x x fh TBS ae | ca a> P AE es M,, diy, _ Pv re éT 2 f. Let = =|dtry reo | e+ veo] i This is @ Second order homogenous differential equation (some 2s that for simple Karmonic motion) The folehion of this Lifferental uation i$ + [v= GArAK + Cz, Cs Ax Apply Boundary Conditions : BE @x=0, Vve0 = +|C=0 2 fer 4fe ile t ¢ 4 fa ceced lama alith fir three b, greeks ee e \fr nz) [P= TEE| TE Euler buckling ba where Tz minimam momesk of tnertia of The Colemn eves section (Lz I. ay wi y 1 minor ares (Weak ay Ervin t Hpi x i LN major ase BL Oxel, vada + 02 55nrL| either 6.=0 ~> Then V=0 (No bucking, or Sinal=O Abs air Azar | trivial folufon) Tin ) a (steiag ae < sginin C Sias br" -F EISéuler Buckling load fer CG Ssin Ax + & Gos AK Z a fixed pinned Column rae Sex - Pv Et divie Lhe - fev dxt Z ee ca fomagenous Sol. articular Sol We P Pte GAGSAX eee PL qx tadt + 6 Pe AGsAL + te Pane PL Oo ‘ Fae Gos AL Solution by tral f Eror le By 2 PAPEL - aly z Aas. ISB Ze find location of FT, 44 Caw. - Sk | Settay tz 0 934 YI «. (B= 4ATIL i Oo ey RV hat Pvc lg saax + ZX) PC faire + Pye) Fz - Sade 1, 4 Me® LAK Me | faze => mae (@reller) 5 Axe pans! ois _» SA AKZO fast = x2 Es oe S Axe nT | Harefwe RT ti lecntol ab 72 0.9L a - RB, for the following elashe Columns pt es © tk Different End Kectraints led Frmnjes for celina We Pp L eget La: effective Lon af Column K = effective L "elon of Column = ~ Generally; SUED) eA- D4. = "Er Le (AY For Pin taded Column ; . wer er = Fo free Standing Aibiiiins. foro wer. Wel ey 40 Fy fixed - Peaned Cofimn, hy = mer 206 WET Ct & hy fixed Peed Colum, fy = er. +77é0 es igEx: FH the axial bucking bred of he pin ended Column A “ os IB EN, fond egial bucking Coad of Glumas B,C, D&E whith are made of Same maferial wee y . ef je + “iO 2416) ® @ © © Solution , Le For O8A | fa = DEE SA fv B35 Boa 40 _ we fn G60; R= TEE = 7 ale 4(24)* ert 2 Sten: Ps Pet. Fs BEE 28.15 ha Gyr eet BO , fu GE 5 fan abs = Eel. eo = Ay op 4S, pe c Sym be 5 BR, -2OSTEr, 205 TT: RY ay.” & (4)* z Lg *e pe = #2 Ex: A fired encled Column iorcaardle 4" and rect. Sec. (of Sider rahi js Subjected Ly an ayjal Compressive Lord of BOF. If E> toonis th at He packer of Sabety against buckling = 2S, find We minimum dimensions of The Gtumn Cross Section . Solution, 2 .4amter ae WZ sed Cae? *| 2s 28 Bo0ie = AW nw tonto = Lc Geo0)™ * beara 7 2b= 79 EteFx The vectangultr column shown in Fg. fark simultaneously 4 buck hing about fke- Wa majer and minor Axes. Determine the cross sechonal Simentisas Cb & A). Use Ez Fox to Mle Solution ‘ + buckling around major as, A ete Az 205 1 éir i rh . 3 ° 7 doennd Zee tone, Se (4s00)* 2{ bh sc 6.868 nro maf |—— buckling areund minor ans. Fart Ab Sabstiteemby! 7 ASHE - b= 2 PP neCriterion of Selure of Axially loacles eleshic Sofumns 4y Keldng er buckling aimee Assuming elastic - perkectly plashe behavior ef Ae Column ; G = = ek! Sfress Zz 2 Weld steals Let the rachis of gyraton of the Column sechan be denoted * “a cE = 8 Bey Bee Wer. TEArE red (-4)* (Ge & where the rato L ss calted Hes Slendemess rah" é Seodemel as 2h T= fis. Fe G Failure by yielding (= - : sai 5 eicklng Ze fiad maximum eng te of Column Srey) below which Failure will be by yielding rather than bg buckling , bas, subshhete Tia G ia Fi Ge Zz. eet Alem = Tie > Ane BEE Kehna)” fe eck See. . example), P= /Z 2 / ame rf “a & Lee © = max, zt (fr rech Sec. Cotman) vin7?) éx% Find mak. long K of a pin ended Stel Column of rectangular crest secon (50% px 0m) below which farlere (clue to axial Compression) oil! de hy gelding rather Than by buckling . Use EF 2o0x1e Mha oy G= 250 4 Sol. k= BR, fe ae a # G = fake |} 3 1282.57" viz 250 om : Km L <128257" (He Column wilt fail by prekling of See | kK Tf L = 12805" (4% Column will fail by bok yielding aud Buckling at fhe Same time) gee TE LS 12825 (the Cohan wil fail by buckling). EX far the elevated water tank Showa in Fig. , Given Waglt of empty Fink = 300 * E, = 200% 10 Pa WG = 250 the NI FS against buckling = 4 Fs agent yielding = 2-5 X= %B/ kal/m* 386 Regd (neylecting effect ; Grad ims) RES & eark ) 1. Find mag length CL) of Ke Cbamne below which “failure will he by yz ebdig rather than by buckling 2 Fer (L) found ia QO, fird mex permissible keg lt ofSolaton, Te F [Gee Gest] = 233.108 mat A= E [ Goss’ Gés)'J= 2250 mt we ed. 2 BOS WSL st Doha — => eo = F. ee FS, ciley Dcttg 3 OST S 200nse Bnd ht Rin tRaTe 4 PSS ae = Le /387%0"™ 13.87" ae La = 25S % 12250 ae xo = /2rUy.2 hs. ye ne i = 4900.8 iN 4900.8 = 300 + 7.8/ ~ Za he Popn% cays L gs (48). 4700.8 = 2357 EN pote wii z 235% = Boo + 7.81. Z (4) h “he 3.296"x, Prob. 14-15 “Popov” ie Determine the critical buckling load Sz, Lelston . p1=-Pv ”) dt er des ,, £1 gev.-Pv oxt Be @xek ve b> A=G HAL c a4, wl. A - -24 & Oxf 3 =: - dvi. but oY = C, AGAR . 2th, 6 AGAL 2 aL BL = 2.02875 Bute = - SS z ar fae . tan AL AL = #oSpse . eee x 1 16. 4E3E | solve by tris fore awe ZL Ae |. ten aL PL. K.¥bl4 ~ Lan In Be = - 1-557 oe = tan 2x a= p2uer oF ~ tan 2.08 1B = +202 YY S +2-01875 Sk14.16 “Popev” : Ex fob. Find the critical buckling brad C sel. gg dee Thay er He air = apa -Pr- Sx Let re Z z div yp ay 230A - NBR “det fre g mae + GGsAx +54 BC @xz0,v=9 = + 0=0+O4I4 (5 veh ay Aa G LAR FAGI2AG + IA-24 Bo @x=la, Oa GSmiaa - 2h GS1AQ -f[&2 Se LenrrAa B @ noe, dine : bd glen caan —Gatnax- 2 toe on-0-F — o= “¥ z @aAas G En 2A Aa = Lanrtda Solving by trial ¢ enw , aa = URI ele 1.04817 2 Liu ra0.nerr, B2Lroblems in buckling @ © Fiad He critical buckling Crud (Ke) fer Fhe, astembly of ture rigid reds Shawn Fig. P s ee ae @ Find the eribeal 7 leno (2) for aa A tu 8. as 4 a Pap z ashton ngid a erg = Od rnisme, @e ® © fet Ree for The elasthe Column shor fn Fg. Also find location ef pont of taflestion 1? Guided Support se Pr4, L fms. f= Wee u PTs @ 4 Fexed@ wm hucklng brad of Gtumn Ar 72 *N finch “fbx buckling lend of Cbinuy 8 wheel is made ef Same maternal . bes yhe=? 3m i: . | Ans R= 18" @ © ©) Fr Me astembly of fw nigel bars, find The critical buckling load (Ze) - a Use: k-lo ly 140 o>} Kise ——7 Use = 10 baw nique 28% [2 ky= to kam 2 Q=2"™ rigid —r- a fas. f, 210 see ES ia a © Find mariimum Femperatire |. Le, it (TC) without Causing ngid _ 7 apse =! buckling of gelding of ws 7 The steel rod. Pn wise E> 200x108 Me Stead ae Vy = 250 Ya eee ae |” *S) suclg = 4 dameter? FS) qrethap 2 BF@e Plastee Analg sts References dy 7 plaahe Daryn of Steal Riames’ dy tye & Grad 2) % Plaste Desa ef Frames” Vol 4 Fundamentals by Sir John Baker & Jacgues Heyrn Vol. 2 Applications by Jacques Heyman 3. © Plastic Analytis ame Design “ay CE Hatsoret & MA. Sav a. ° Plaste Taory of Structures” fy 08: Horne Strest = Steam relationshiz « cv har denny ate SS a by actual G-£ relationship é Loealived 7-£ relatothp Gre strain hardening J oe ’ xy Vigid ~ por fectly paste a é a ( ITE gi Elastic - perfedly plastic a : ge FE fr SESE 7 2G tr Ey SESoo metals fuck af Steel, ahuminium, ---ete wil be Astamed 4 Aehave in Pension aud Compresicon Boot in Bu elastic ~ perfetly plarhe a manner st Fanten@e HH then — bade remans elathe ; Han hg eenemdiog, The cody writ retarn Ao tbr orjnne Shape . RK Tf The Goneling As beyond Ma chaste range, Fan hy edicts, Fox becky wll rot return te rhe orignal Shape any” Fhere will he permanent Seformation Permanent defermaten elastic Plastic range range Notice That the talcading path ¢ hays Porellel to The orignnal Hiffress of Th. Ardy Cre the shffner in Whe elache port )Plastic Baalyss Zz vstress) strain hardening oo cal stress Strain Curves aa a $ = 200xn/o la % Rupture 2 29000 Kr | Ge yield Stres a ose = yids strar ey E (strain) 47? i : ashe Ringe Gz ubimate stress Elaste Range - & stress Stroin Relationship for 11ild Steck a : v fi 3 é. 9 Ldealzed T= Kelahonsh:P ee Stee! (Alto some other melds) behaves apenly in Ponsrsn & Compression 7; i. ie ami very high £ Catia Stel *# Belavior of different types of Steck SA a Higher Ty + shorter yiell pletus 7 Z (he but all having Same = dnx/o K fr bebauior wWhare Gy it ret apparent (1 vam shing yield platun like beg temle stech), the 0.27 offseb materd is Consubled tbo define To c 7 ¥ Pe Paraliel TeDefine mathemat cally and sigenena tically © *¥ linearly Blashe Vateriab ad Te EE & r ® Non-inearly Elashe Halerak Jit ’ wrt a Ve AE” Gal Where ogni ‘x7 Vig fermenant K Now- bnearly - Lrelashe Vlalenot v2 AE where octnd! deformation lard cs % ae rv ft & iged Per fe: Hy Flach arte Sa er Zro : (CE “25 % ) £500 . é Depinihm oq Bagi reater'a@ St Can withstas Strep but witesut shear, (e Ezy & Tree hres 72 £ Lit no aformalion te et, MF@e 2A hevinoctal rigid beam ss Le spenead Tiree rede at sham aud Subjected Le 2 Lay (P) ot center, The rece behaye ry au sbattie - perfectly pashée manner fv both Compression and tensity. The fone Pvt apylied gradually until fall plashi comdition 7¢ rewcket and then Le Lond Subsepusally released 0 Phat the Mmiting east brad Cie lead ab first yretd); 2 2 Find fhe dLeflecton of Pee beau at first yield ; Ay i. Find the filly plastic Lead (ie Ultimate Load) ; 2 S tind: Ta. thasflaction of Pe haan at: ubfimah fred ; Be S. Draw he fete PsA relahimsl Stark: pen Zero fev fo fla folly Paste Coadittn ? e ¢. Upon removal of Leod, find The residuat Stresses 1 he rod Sat ange 3 P agen Se P j 2f+R =P Stet Fe ay | | Ae A empath bitty Fu ana Ble) Bea) Che) ANE) “hefR ——@® substi ah O #2(bA)+h=P 4A2P Ae £ ant fe Px Pa > & Ey z Sods () reach well firstail i (ABD -TA =GA & Ge G = £274 -G u:44 = hzaGA = 4G = FFA 8 2hP+h = 2G4 + 5A = C654) 4, Ae db 2 HE ~ GOW). ED he yee Al : vy = 4, > £4 _ 45a ah ALLEL (re) = BE fame Answew Elathe~ Pathe b h=FA 2 GA RG 2 LaGA = GRA Ra eR « 2GA)+ 2 A= 4,2 he . CONG | Aree GA) CE) Summary ae 2.607 GA ak? he 4 GA at ZO, P=GA a RAD, A=r%Ga aER 20 Fully PlasticWO) Sawe caquirenauk of exancple lem P ce applied nth fast, pashe Condihin yo reached Hen the food of ae rehearsed. 6 Find leet is eect ear ad 5 funchin of (F) « Dem Pe A depron ¢. Prova hak upon dnbradinp fe ero, tu. £ Fehr so 4. Ftd fla rabis Zt to hab apm wntending ty Jere meme oP fle bars reach yield . Ww) Fe the Bty "sium ga FRR . assembly, shan ix FA. climes tha, compute PA, diaghi. Starts ea ars Lecee, ered stage oF Roaty plache coal Lu: hin rae fixe Ha TCH) & pram ba - = ig, 2 a TL “tahini forPlastic Bending . Consider a rectangular section subjected ta positve bending moment, the marerial of the section behaves in an elastic - perfectly plastic manner. Exky E >>> ky — Ss o arstribut(on stress Fully Plast ¢ elasteg reste whole —-fe ° ae cane Section — Field just Me, iS laste stares lestie ep Mp me my clase. — bimitiag Elaste — astie-Flashic When the Section reaches the state of full plashe bending (4p) a plaste hinge is Sail t oceur a Ahrs Section aref the Section will rotate indefinately (tatinite Curvature) loud Plast ¢ Met - —>=> = My Elashe-Pleste (Mon hinear 4-4 relahonship gee (Caee? 7 (curvature) a Ldeah ded 11-f relation fir OPS A me M2 LTD & ¢Bending of Kectangular Sechon @ 4 Slasti Bending 2 ten’ Hey My ye" or by method a pate Since Ws HE. Lt z x where S's Zz (Elastic Secton modules) Te 4t) | ced ns. 2. SMe ts z o y% ¢ MTS = 7 Se? c 2. Limiting Elastic Bending CZs GF) &b B Cu toline of 7 My eg Seretiien A z rae moment a Yolena of oe rt, 2 C (eT) » lever arm a biece EG.g * fd 2 oy £* oe 3. Elastie - Plash. Mey -2/(G4b a. Ys - Y=: = gy bl® . 7% 2 ‘Ep = % ee [-- ‘a J = zZ Gtk = 2 y= % be co. . — {ee “a Notice that me can deduce the value of fhe Coating ashe yp y astic marment (7p) form fhe Gok Take 44, qpration, Han 14, = G Sd?Definitions of blastic Neutrat Aris (ENA) aS ez Plastic Neutre 7s CP AA) Elastic Westra Pris (ENN). Ly fle Copfroidel axis, aud Can he located ty plying S= ZA zA lestic Newtek Mris (FAA). ror one material Section basing goed stress Ty throughast fhe whole Sectim, l/s tea ee area ari. Wharefore “at ce Lcated hy Selling coicm agin frsof « a oe av Ca ¥ th = dA i de Hype [ft dA hag i dA x A oA gas Thai is Mh hefinition | = Andi of. The ControideD anit | arkade (S= Zeus janie Seid vibion | _sot le distance frm filly flash TE yas e vee AEA Y] (id ik Se ede2 + aia 6¢ + $955 & None That for reck Sec. _ # (aie Ze Ar tere Zz Ss Find fhe shape factw A fw du isosceles ES& The. Section Shown in figure is bub/. LaiG mone.” Cup GL sities 4 putt E he Locations o Bree Je ee of, ie EWA aud 2A asthe Secton mechibut S* and the plashe eck bi | 3. The limiting clash: moment My and Me. lepeceene | 4. The shape facter A. ¢ BD sstutin eS em phDeeA ° Ge SAY . (OVD x 1084 [O410, 50 ms too" fat, 2A Wxlo + Wxto Lah. tate Laz, Sine. e ‘batten aes Je Pas | | iZ, 3 oa 3 z | = CHP reo 305) 90 (20-5 = Bot RG = ON ax st met mal ea BEY ee 3.017 wea” md & FET Pet + Ae % (oss )(5) + (los 10) (So) = STutet md 1, = G. So = 280. 3.08PnI, os BSH Lm GZ = rw. CS ie = 12.75 bohm gfe . eS age MM, RSET camafind The percentage merease in Fie tre. Lerol> moment Lp ip oe Steel 0 sg hn %; after = gon. atm cover ple of Sama gee it weldlest fo its top flange only « pe : S i . b sus =f: Pea, 00 Seo” fa 10 Fone fcge ie ee SS Asp = 3000 ™ Solute - ea ai enke “t Ae Ye = 6 seaiin, * @._ Lies. use) + ((oxtr0) (95) J= 1189010 mt seckitn®) Siice A, + A = Jove mat > Alp Be Pome mn wet Teotioge faze Pra i wrtbin top Flange away from web by a distame X ae A = % ee ll sant sore + ze ((G-x) = 29K t Fowo Love = SBOK Boo! i n= om we tax ka found as fellow fe Cat . Difference = Foro Foro = 2070 Wm dance be oom | un = a | Ze 2 Be Me + Ae Ke = (loon us)(r4s) + Goan ye) + ee ~4)@) z + (vo x09) ( 14) + QsvaiG)( 812) = ak 8525 00e we +, increase in My = "pb. oe ae % 2 -Wro 2 _ asa wens, a zen (189 10%EK Find the Collapse wemcform Lead w), kim of @ the. haan sharin tn Fig. (G2 sell weoght of eae CG te mh). vege paleo a, al /om a on on Rr EF gs. pes sec-@ sec. @ at 3 | ( | Suppocts mid Span Solution His o vw, kim ie kam Hl 1.5 Wy - 15, -05 0, Sec. @ Supt oth Ze 2 [ eo.) 5) + @. seles)] = 13x10 We pe G.® = 2op « bbxidn fe = 32-5 Adm Flaptemal 1 tena OS Wy. = ae : w= 6Y ky Sec. Q md-Spaw fm Za ttnid + 2 [Wonte}ee)] = 2 Bate weer p= Ge = Lye ne PPbx ion FL Adm Hlext. = int. aL 48 bajo - aa hal NS darEx A rectanguler Sectio /s Sebjected fe 4a areas, bending mniment unbh full plashs Cmdihon ie (hid aud Yoar Whe moment ss Subs eeenthy released . Draw Yee residual Hren istributen across He dept of fis. Sechin after removal of fhe moment, Ky q -G tl ‘ 0.5% HW A bending moment 3 subjected en fc Section symm in Fey unt Q Fidding peratrates to a oittence So MM ang Ten Fa mowed if) veleased (T2250 rh). jooss Draw The residual Stres ci shibution across fle clap th Zon of Nhe Section afte removal “| ] 2 fexiduad shes ob extreme fers ouPlastic Analysis of indeterminate beams . 4 ashdagel fest @ statically determinate Simply Lepported 2am Subjected to Uniformly A stribuled load. Fhe load is gradually applied until Collapse occurs . wo Wa a weal real E Cage é IK 70, biage | parks; i Ainge 1 { Mp! B.D at ; ‘ aMepse © £lashe Beam @ Seam at cllepse When the load ws mereased Gradually, the bending moments at the beam sections will also be nereased , got! the case 13 reached when the maximum bending moment @t the most critical sechon Crd-Sfan Section) becomes ual to the resistag Plastics moment Capacrty (rp) of the Same Sechion. At this mstaat, the ml-span Section will rotate indefinately and therefore a ‘plashe hinge” will be formed there and jhe been collapses due +o the formation of @ “mechanism” A plate hiage ss a Bone of yielding that Aeoié in the Structure prior to Collapse - A mechanism means the segments of the Strchire are able fo move freely » Formatan of Plashs hinges% find the Gllapse uniform lead for the simply Ker) Supported beam, al - = 8/4 Se Mp => Jung “= 8% the ‘Wrtual werk” method can be sed to eshimate the Collapse Wad of structures. Ths “Virtual work” method states thal « External Work (FW) 2 Internal Were (Il) External Work EWe (Force) « (oisplecement in ditecon o force) P Fr Concentrated load si > EW: Pf. CS, % ZL For Uniform bred ass » BWe @. displaceol area Area. Ai placeat taternal Were Ew = (Litemal rtoment) , (Rotehon ) = $e -8 Note theh M=G.2 = wis Lw “LS. ng. 20 Zz - MSE tps St 2 £ z td a eee: Me or = SB 3 EW = Dw IY ie & nN > vpLocations of Plast Aiages: @ Plashe Ainges can possibly form at carte locations Suck aS + load Pomts , fpomnts supports (suck af fixed ends and interior Supports) , section of Bere shear for UPL + sections 2 ~ sudden change i” Note that, For each Span, ft Hyree binges are reguired +p creat @ mechanism - Kind the Collapse uniform load w. Mp = Gnst fete y ewe EW t— t ——+ w, Lob = 1% (e)+"% (29) ee pre OG) eRe ol, ale i 3E = = ed, = ese i® ? fu find the Collapse land a ea Hp = Gast tle F oe Plast: hinge : 1B ; 0 real Ange tp ' \ gi gewos bw % oe é P. OF = rp [e+28 J Ao Br PS ale Ps otax Fad Cllapte Gad (/2) - af Z \ Z Solukian als] $ Thre. dre, fino a possible mechanisms 14 @ 4 a! a sho aie ace ™ hone hee ( "Ip o [eee eee) 1 1427 tp +. meck.(@) { % [9e 1 18. 2 tp mech. Qs men Os Ew = Iw PL = 3% 2 P 2 3% Zz wie choose the Smallest (amd (+ mode 2 Jovers)ke pnd PE napse broad y= ast jb — 1 ~ fet i LW = IW whS = Mp (ax +6+ 28) wl es = Me (4 + =) £-X +2% we = rp. S xe x(4-x) . 2p CL+x) ~ ok Kb tee) For minimum & To ‘ane, xn )i) - heme-typ dx Z Gx-x*)* Lh Lxae xt Chr eC L-2x) =O Lx axe (Ui alkslx-exJco Le —xt- Lp hx-2x 20 z x*y, 2lx-L*2 0 a= 2h + Jae ale ee ewes ia C+ VOJL Substitute K ito EJuction of ts nie #2 eae 2 w= 2h 444e in L 4 Same Mp 2. ome Luppert hinge , 0 Mer Was pi 1. = 1.057 TON. 2)@ Find the Collapse load by using the plastc wy C(4a/m ) Ex pe thedt of analysis F,=low, 4 4 mech.@ .-- 20% poh wech Oo rw toW, «38 = 2p (8) + 2p (2-58) + Mp (458) w, = 0-2833 Mp = Iw Wun Mt (8) + % (8+~) 22S S = MeL rsic + aay = 0.3238 Mp y+ 3F ae Collapse mechanism (D governs Y Ww, = 0.2833 aa Ads.Ex find the Collapse boad mech) fw = Iw See P3e= 1.8 I Fae P= 0.333 Mp wecs@® Ey - Iw 3P(48)— P(Ge) = Th (0) + (38) 2 P= 2.666 Ewe iw wy yas. 2 My +25 (Hd) 42-51% CO) Ly, wS 2 mp [ase +58) oe 5. cases = Mp [7s +s 2] es Pa rt, BSWe-x)4 sx x (9 —x) P= Tie. . BLS nas tox - ab AP Lg 2 Me eon nMOS) USHIS Mie 1) dx “es (ox xt) Ix 1S KY ~ (Vo = Pox pK - Ix) = 0 ASK* PORK =P ao Solving axe vSsom mn A349 TPEE £x using te plastic method of analysis, cfetermine Ge) | ‘he collapse baad B for the Continuous beam show? « 26. BP Ma 7 * 24P © 4 a. Ae Tap p ' (em ote a OMe nF 2Y eas ! \ BIG, | ‘ ' a i 7 1 \ 0.958 al j mech ETB {4 a er mech.) Ris Fite ee ' + ap aP | il mes @—. be Pky P cos he bP ' ye | : 1 are te ‘ nah ©) t os O28 2? 126% 4 a me ‘ite 7 : eg : mech.O. ews IW W« 6.8 = 15M (X+8) ¥1srp (8) < & = a5, FE = ET Sy + arp (x) . [P= eGo mech.(2) ew = Iw 3099) + 2PC49) = 151 (358) + 2M (458) + Mp (8) mech-G ew = IW 3722) + re (sa) = S(O 2Mp (2-258) + tp (258) 3 [22 04831 Me \ med ew = IW 2-4P (39) 2% (0D + Hy UISO+ 4) x) P = 0-48! Me | (Poe 0453 Mp) mach.@ governsHi Fad the colapse load! of re following fentinuaus beams CO 4a) kay oO giieee, fs. 7p 4h 2.18214 My & 2p = a Bmh sm | gm Or = 1857 my or= 2.22 Hp WrhSP © ya 1S Pp a poten a - fanpage A = 2.555 Mp © sr 4p 4P sp D2 2P Lapa q a 4 2p a ig > LS pe an fiat. Be 0270 MH or = 0.22727 V7, or = 0.232% Mp or = 0.2121 Tp or = 0/23 Mp ~ wd Find Whe Plastic Section mazhbus 2 Ar each spec, of he fold rd Cmtnuses Loewen (use Wa 2% A). 20 Kan 12 kalfon l rar Bkyon : A & ce D : tom fom rom= GB) Fansformation of Stress at a % normal stress shear stress potat or (orrertaton ofelement) G: ©: X Sgn Convention fo fensile tres Te + f aivected upward on The reght face of element Te + 2 + fF Counter-clockuse from elementary strengte of matenats G=- S2B + EF cs 20 + Ty 5428 =) 2 Ye K+G-G ——@O 4 oy Chat Str 28 4 Try Cor 26 —Q) OF se thing AE so a Fives tan 28 = oy --® £OR-G) Substhhing G) intr D gives He prneipal threes 7, ¢ ©. o pag Gee el ba >= t/ (2% oy ad from @, xfs? : HEY KR Setting ae 20 =e pies Tan 28, = aa 48 Subst bting (©) ae oa max & min ans oa ee Jo} fe tall om. Gee ? See Saree eeConsider a thin-walled Cylindrical pressure vesiel | Subjected +o *nternal presure, Tka vessel “s closed at both ends Let = internal presure Ye internal radius b= wel fhicknes of vewel Lz lengh of vessel Hho vessel causes fensile Streses Tke pressure saside whithe: are > te develope ™ Ke vessel walk » i Hoop tensile stress { Ty ) 2 bing ted saa Feasile shes (CQ ) Finding Ty, Fake 2 longihuchinal seckm in Ths. Vessel wa é a a Tr é 29-4 b wp. ark = oO: hig. BF w= Bel fading To, Take a Pranterse section in Tk Vesse/ Thus tn Cylinditak premurt Vesele wi closed andy eee ener en gan gnélastic Farlsre Theorves Theory Meld Criterion Graphical Representation U T, (D Rankine’s | G2 fermen Sie Fie er yield Theory |G|= Gy Compression Sie % CG - olf G,% have same 1 2) Tresta s San % Theory =G tension Z eae Wy ( | 7 res 5G a If T,G Aave ofered i r~E=Y v= faissen's rato Haigh gt "T Hiy, | GPG OPTS = vs Poisson's ratis pn a le “mas | THE TG =F «A pent rsde the failure envelope mdjcater hak ths material /t shill elastic (not pak ching) 4s tak Hn Wo Lo ‘hese westelon noveSAW Fi The shale sham, 5d ple ee to initiate” Felling of Ne she ft CCor ei Mesry ( T= 300 Pa) "yt Tresea’s = IG Pf Pewsile = OCRET rr fF s. £ (ESy bcm £ Vo Fi20. 5 foe FE Gs WS + Jer peer pe Be WwS ~ Site pas pT Since Siew oO, Pavegne 7 F Rave “2 C Tresea’s: criterion) 196 if &@ Saas ad tx OQ dub ang Von Pheer Faery Flan ie Pe yack Care of extad Pease t Shine 2 L z ; To +3? T = G Cum PMeges’ ceteon) cn) x 3 (e.c3ee7)” - Mia Grrespardt 4 An im weass fA above Pre vets prrtole ten! 4 Tresca 5 thaw),\ eS) F Oke x@ : , ae S Rothe welled Cylindrisal Vessel (closed 2uds) fs subjected fo an saterah prestare It 4s Competed of a =H Mh, WS (25 Geo GA and Veo3). Tf the wall Mickey i 6mm Z ‘oad Tha Wel® Liameher if 24oomn , estimate he pressure whith inihiates yields Ny Steel wi @ Gres Streit on Beate on 5 accra ay ve: Rankines , Teesca's and Vn Pies” yasries Trexcen 7=G ; Mhoin TEs? oo. a Vn Thses T-GR+nFG (eo p)*- @e p.)( f.) + (rh rts Alto Vow Thises predichim ie = 157 above hab 6 Rakin and Cretca