Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

EEE-3202: Power System I laboratory

Lab report: 06
Newton-Rapshon Load flow analysis using MATLAB software.

Submitted by:
Name: Shahabuddin
Class roll: AE-073-05
Exam roll: 439
Session: 2018-2019
E-mail: shahabuddin-2018026137@eee.du.ac.bd

Date of completion:1/09/2022
Date of submission: 04/09/2022
1. Write a programming code for the Gauss-Seidel method to solve load flow problem.

function Ybus = Y_Admi_GSmmi(Line_Data)

fb = Line_Data(:,1);
tb = Line_Data(:,2);
r = Line_Data(:,3);
x = Line_Data(:,4);
b = 1i*Line_Data(:,5);
a = Line_Data(:,6);

z = r+1i*x;
y = 1./z;

nbus = max(max(fb), max(tb));

Ybus = zeros(nbus, nbus);

for k = 1:length(fb)

Ybus(fb(k), tb(k)) = Ybus(fb(k), tb(k)) - y(k);

Ybus(tb(k), fb(k)) = Ybus(fb(k), tb(k));
end

for m = 1:nbus
for n = 1:length(fb)
if (fb(n) == m)
Ybus(m, m) = Ybus(m, m)+ y(n) + b(n);
elseif (tb(n) == m)
Ybus(m, m) = Ybus(m, m)+ y(n) + b(n);
end
end
end

% MATLAB Code
% General Program For Newton Raphson Load flow

clear all; close all; clc

%% Select the power system for load flow analysis
ps = input('Enter the power system for LFA::');

switch ps
case 5
Power_System_IEEE_5bus; disp('IEEE 5 bus Power System')
case 6
Power_System_IEEE_6bus; disp('IEEE 6 bus Power System')
case 9
Power_System_IEEE_9bus; disp('IEEE 9 bus Power System')
case 14
Power_System_IEEE_14bus; disp('IEEE 14 bus Power System')
case 4
Power_System_GS_4bus; disp('GS 4 bus Power System')
end

%% Data of the power system is stored in the Bus_Data and Line_Data matrix
% in the Power_System_IEEE_nbus.m file, which need to import here.
BMva=100; %Base MVA for the system
N_Buses=length(Bus_Data(:,1)); % number of buses in the power system for LFA
V=Bus_Data(:,2);
del=Bus_Data(:,3);
Pg=Bus_Data(:,4);
Qg=Bus_Data(:,5);
Pl=Bus_Data(:,6);
Ql=Bus_Data(:,7);
Qmin=Bus_Data(:,8);
Qmax=Bus_Data(:,9);
type=Bus_Data(:,10);

%% Net power injection from a bus to the Network (Generation - Load)

Active_Power_specified=Pg-Pl;
Reactive_Power_specified=Qg-Ql;

%% Find the types of buses in the Bas_Data, and their length

PV_Bus=find(type==2|type==1);
PQ_Bus=find(type==3); % type1(Slack),type2(PV_Bus Bus),type3(PQ_Bus
Bus )
No_of_PQ_Bus=length(PQ_Bus);
No_of_PV_Bus=length(PV_Bus);

%% ++++++++++++++ First, compute the addmitance matrix Ybus ++++++++++++++++

[Ybus] = Y_admi_GSmmi(Line_Data); % function to get the admittance matrix

G=real(Ybus);B=imag(Ybus); % Separation of YBus

% +++++++++++++++++++++++ Start iterative process +++++++++++++++++++++++++

Tol=1; % Set the tolerance

Iter=1; % Set the Iterantion
st=clock; % start the iteration time clock
% tic

%% Newton Raphson Load Flow

while Tol>1e-8
% Calculation of power at each bus
P=zeros(N_Buses,1); % Initiate a P matrix of N_Busesx1 dimension
Q=zeros(N_Buses,1); % Initiate a Q matrix of N_Busesx1 dimension
for i=1:N_Buses
for j=1:N_Buses
P(i)=P(i)+V(i)*V(j)*(G(i,j)*cos(del(i)-del(j))+B(i,j)*sin(del(i)-
del(j)));
Q(i)=Q(i)+V(i)*V(j)*(G(i,j)*sin(del(i)-del(j))-B(i,j)*cos(del(i)-
del(j)));
end
end

% Verification of limit violation for reactive power

% if Iter>2 && Iter<=7
% for n=2:N_Buses
% if type(n)==2
% QG=Q(n)+Ql(n);
% if QG > Qmax(n)
% V(n)=V(n)-0.01;
% elseif QG < Qmin(n)
% V(n)=V(n)+0.01;
% end
% end
% end
% end

%Mismatch calculation
dPa=Active_Power_specified-P;
dQa=Reactive_Power_specified-Q;

dP=dPa(2:N_Buses); % Excluding slack bus

k=1;
dQ=zeros(No_of_PQ_Bus,1);% Considereing only the PQ bus
for i=1:N_Buses
if type(i)==3
dQ(k,1)=dQa(i);
k=k+1;
end
end
M=[dP;dQ];% delta Matrix or Mismatch matrix
%% Formation Fo Jacobian Matrix[J1 J2;J3 J4]
%% Formation Of J1
J1=zeros(N_Buses-1,N_Buses-1);
for i=1:N_Buses-1
m=i+1;
for j=1:N_Buses-1
n=j+1;
if m==n
for n=1:N_Buses
J1(i,j)=J1(i,j)+V(m)*V(n)*(-G(m,n)*sin(del(m)-
del(n))+B(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del(n))); % diagonal element
end
J1(i,j)=J1(i,j)-V(m)^2*B(m,m);% part of diagonal element
else
J1(i,j)=V(m)*V(n)*(G(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del(n))-B(m,n)*cos(del(m)-
del(n))); % off-diagonal element
end
end
end
%% Formation Of J2
J2=zeros(N_Buses-1,No_of_PQ_Bus);
for i=1:N_Buses-1
m=i+1;
for j=1:No_of_PQ_Bus
n=PQ_Bus(j);
if m==n
for n=1:N_Buses
J2(i,j)=J2(i,j)+V(n)*(G(m,n)*cos(del(m)-
del(n))+B(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del(n)));% diagonal element
end
J2(i,j)=J2(i,j)+V(m)*G(m,m);% part of diagonal element
else
J2(i,j)=V(m)*(G(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del(n))+B(m,n)*sin(del(m)-
del(n)));% off-diagonal element
end
end
end
%% Formation Of J3
J3=zeros(No_of_PQ_Bus,N_Buses-1);
 for i=1:No_of_PQ_Bus
m=PQ_Bus(i);
for j=1:N_Buses-1
n=j+1;
if m==n
for n=1:N_Buses
J3(i,j)=J3(i,j)+V(m)*V(n)*(G(m,n)*cos(del(m)-
del(n))+B(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del(n)));% diagonal element
end
J3(i,j)=J3(i,j)-V(m)^2*G(m,m);% part of diagonal element
else
J3(i,j)=V(m)*V(n)*(-G(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del(n))-B(m,n)*sin(del(m)-
del(n)));% off-diagonal element
end
end
end
%% Formation Of J4
J4=zeros(No_of_PQ_Bus,No_of_PQ_Bus);
for i=1:No_of_PQ_Bus
m=PQ_Bus(i);
for j=1:No_of_PQ_Bus
n=PQ_Bus(j);
if m==n
for n=1:N_Buses
J4(i,j)=J4(i,j)+V(n)*(G(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del(n))-B(m,n)*cos(del(m)-
del(n)));% diagonal element
end
J4(i,j)=J4(i,j)-V(m)*B(m,m);% part of diagonal element
else
J4(i,j)=V(m)*(G(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del(n))-B(m,n)*cos(del(m)-
del(n)));% off-diagonal element
end
end
end

%Formation of Jacobian Matrix

J=[J1 J2;J3 J4]; % Jacobian Matrix
X=inv(J)*M;

dTh=X(1:N_Buses-1); % Change in angle

dV=X(N_Buses:end); % change in volatge mag

% Update correction
del(2:N_Buses)=del(2:N_Buses)+dTh; % Voltage angle update

% voltage mag update

k=1;
for n=2:N_Buses
if type(n)==3
V(n)=V(n)+dV(k);
k=k+1;
end
end
Iter=Iter+1;
Tol=max(abs(M));
end
ste=clock; % end the iteration time clock
%Complex power calculation
Vm_Buses=V.*(cos(del)+1i*sin(del));
I_injection =Ybus*Vm_Buses;
S=Vm_Buses.*conj(I_injection); % Complex power

for k=1:N_Buses
if Bus_Data(k,10)==1
% Real and reactive generation at the Slack bus
P_generation(k)=real(S(k))+Bus_Data(k,6);
Q_generation(k)=imag(S(k))+Bus_Data(k,7);
end
if Bus_Data(k,10)==2
% Real and reactive generation at the PV buses
P_generation(k)=real(S(k))+Bus_Data(k,6);
Q_generation(k)=imag(S(k))+Bus_Data(k,7);
end
if Bus_Data(k,10)==3
P_generation(k)=0;
Q_generation(k)=0;
end
end

% calculate the line flows and power losses

fb=Line_Data(:,1);
tb=Line_Data(:,2);
N_Branch = length(Line_Data(:,1)); % number of branches
for k=1:N_Branch
a=Line_Data(k,6); % Find out if is a line or a transformer, a=1 -> line,
0<a<1 -> Transformer
switch a % for both cases use the pi model
case 1 %if its a line a=1
b=1i*Line_Data(k,5);
suceptancia(k,1)=b/2;
suceptancia(k,2)=b/2;
otherwise %if its a transformer
Zpq=Line_Data(k,3)+1i*Line_Data(k,4);
Ypq=Zpq^-1;
suceptancia(k,1)=(Ypq/a)*((1/a)-1);
suceptancia(k,2)=Ypq*(1-(1/a));
end
end

% Define admmitance of lines

r = Line_Data(:,3);
rx = Line_Data(:,4);
z = r + j*rx;
y = ones(N_Branch,1)./z;

% Define complex power flows

Ss = Vm_Buses(fb).*conj((Vm_Buses(fb) - Vm_Buses(tb)).*y...
+ Vm_Buses(fb).*conj(Vm_Buses(fb)-0).*suceptancia(:,1)); % complex flow of the
sending buses

Sr = Vm_Buses(tb).*conj((Vm_Buses(tb) - Vm_Buses(fb)).*y ...

+ Vm_Buses(tb).*conj(Vm_Buses(tb)-0).*suceptancia(:,2)); % complex low of the
receiving buses

% .*conj(Vm_Buses(fb)-0)
% .*conj(Vm_Buses(tb)-0)
% Define active and reactive power flows
Pij=real(Ss);
Qij=imag(Ss);
Pji=real(Sr);
Qji=imag(Sr);

% Active power lossess

P_loss=sum(Pij+Pji);
% Reactive power lossess
Q_loss=sum(Qij+Qji);

%% Load Flow Solution

disp(' ----------------------------------------');
disp(' Report of Power Flow Calculations ')
disp(' Newton Raphson Loadflow Solution ');
disp(' ----------------------------------------');
disp(' ')
disp(date)
fprintf('Number Of Ieration : %3g \n',Iter)
fprintf('Solution time : %5g sec.\n',etime(ste,st))
fprintf('Total real power losses : %g.\n',P_loss)
fprintf('Total reactive power losses: %g.\n\n',Q_loss)
fprintf('Real power load-generation balance: %g.\n',sum(P_generation)-P_loss-
sum(Pl))
fprintf('Reactive power load-generation balance: %g.\n\n',sum(Q_generation)-Q_loss-
sum(Ql))

disp('-------------------------------------------------------------------------');
disp(' Generation Load')
disp(' Bus Volts Angle Real Reactive Real Reactive ')
disp('-------------------------------------------------------------------------');
ywz=[ Bus_Data(:,1) abs(Vm_Buses) (180/pi)*angle(Vm_Buses) P_generation'
Q_generation' Bus_Data(:,6) Bus_Data(:,7)];
disp(ywz)
disp('-------------------------------------------------------------------------');
disp(' Line Flows ')
disp(' #Line From Bus To Bus Real Reactive ')
disp('-------------------------------------------------------------------------');
l=1:1:length(Line_Data(:,1));
xy=[l' fb tb Pij Qij];
yx=[l' tb fb Pji Qji];
disp(xy)
disp(yx)
% toc
%Plotting results
figure(1)
bar(abs(Vm_Buses))
xlabel('Network buses')
ylabel('Magnitude of bus voltages (pu)')
figure(2)
bar(P_generation)
xlabel('Network buses')
ylabel('Real power generation from sources (pu)')
figure(3)
bar(Q_generation)
xlabel('Network buses')
ylabel('Reactive power generation from sources (pu)')
2. Consider different standard power system. You may consider, IEEE standard network,
for example, IEEE 5, 6, 9 ,14, 26, 39, 58, etc. bus systems, and 4 bus system in the book;
Power system analysis by Stevenson and Grainger.
Ans:
Let us consider a 9-bus network-
%% Topology of the power system
% Information about the bus matrix
% nd V Ang. Pg Qg PL QL Gs jBs Type
% (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
% Colum 11: if the bus has shunt element =1, if it hasnt shunt element =0
Bus_Data = [1 1.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0;
2 1.0 0.0 2.82 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0;
3 1.0 0.0 1.85 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0;
4 1.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 0;
5 1.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.90 0.30 0.0 0.0 3 0;
6 1.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.85 0.80 0.0 0.0 3 0;
7 1.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 1.43 .35 0.0 0.0 3 0;
8 1.0 0.0 1.10 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0;
9 1.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.60 .50 0.0 0.0 3 0];

%Information about the line matrix

%COL 1.- From bus
%COL 2.- to bus
%COL 3.- R P.U.
%COL 4.- Xl P.U.
%COL 5.- Xc (parallel) P.U.
%COL 6.- Type of line: 1==Line ; Otherwise==Transformer
%COL 7.- phase shifter angle
Line_Data = [1 4 0.0000 0.0576 0.000 1.0 0.0;
4 5 0.0170 0.0920 0.158 1.0 0.0;
5 6 0.0390 0.1700 0.358 1.0 0.0;
3 6 0.0000 0.0586 0.000 1.0 0.0;
6 7 0.0119 0.1008 0.209 1.0 0.0;
7 8 0.0085 0.0720 0.149 1.0 0.0;
8 2 0.0000 0.0625 0.000 1.0 0.0;
8 9 0.0320 0.1610 0.306 1.0 0.0;
9 4 0.0100 0.0850 0.176 1.0 0.0]

3.Using the standard network system, you may consider IEEE 4,5,6,9,14 etc find: (i) Node voltages in
the network, (ii) check load-generation balance, (iii) power flow through each line in the network, (iv)
power losses in the network, (v) number of iterations and solution time to solve the load flow problem,
(vi) check reactive power status at the PV and slack buses, (vii) use both tables and graphs to present
the load flow analysis.

Solution:
Consider a 9-bus network to answer those question.

(i) Find Node voltages

Voltage at each bus of the network is shown in below fig 5.1
 Fig 5.1 Node voltages of the network.

(ii). Check load generation balanced.

In balanced situation, generated power= Load Power + loss in the
network
Real power load-generation balance: -0.605645.

Again, Reactive power load-generation balance: 1.05511 so there is a

mismatch between the generated reactive power and the load plus
losses power in the network. Therefore, reactive power generation is
not balanced.

(iii). Power flow through line in the network.

Line Flows
#Line From Bus To Bus Real Reactive
------------------------------------------------------------
1.0000 1.0000 4.0000 0.1410 0.3424
2.0000 4.0000 5.0000 0.0326 0.0163
3.0000 5.0000 6.0000 0.0329 0.1140
4.0000 3.0000 6.0000 0.1033 -0.3700
5.0000 6.0000 7.0000 0.0385 -0.0109
6.0000 7.0000 8.0000 -0.0078 0.2950
7.0000 8.0000 2.0000 0.0501 0.5640
 8.0000 8.0000 9.0000 0.2335 -0.5105
9.0000 9.0000 4.0000 -0.0357 -0.3374

1.0000 4.0000 1.0000 -0.1016 -0.3424

2.0000 5.0000 4.0000 -0.0111 -0.1544
3.0000 6.0000 5.0000 0.1255 -0.4199
4.0000 6.0000 3.0000 -0.0601 0.3700
5.0000 7.0000 6.0000 0.0454 -0.1661
6.0000 8.0000 7.0000 0.1288 -0.4197
7.0000 2.0000 8.0000 0.0501 -0.5640
8.0000 9.0000 8.0000 0.0206 0.2623
9.0000 4.0000 9.0000 0.0976 0.1896

(iv). Power losses in the network

Total real power losses : 0.883674 p.u.

Total reactive power losses: -1.14173 p.u.

(v). Number of iterations and solution time to solve the load flow
problem

Number Of Iteration : 6
Solution time : 0.039 sec.
(vi). Check reactive power status at the PV and slack bus

Reactive power at the slack bus(1) = 0.7052p.u.

Reactive power at the PV bus

Bus Reactive
power(p.u.)
2 0.2505
3 0.5165
8 0.3912

(vii). Present the load flow analysis

Enter the power system for LFA::9

IEEE 9 bus Power System
----------------------------------------
Report of Power Flow Calculations
Newton Raphson Loadflow Solution
----------------------------------------

04-Sep-2022
Number Of Ieration : 6
Solution time : 0.039 sec.
Total real power losses : 0.883675.
Total reactive power losses: -1.14173.

Real power load-generation balance: -0.605645.

Reactive power load-generation balance: 1.05511.

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Generation Load
Bus Volts Angle Real Reactive Real Reactive
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1.0000 1.0000 0 -1.7120 0.7052 0 0
2.0000 1.0000 43.5860 2.8200 0.2505 0 0
3.0000 1.0000 29.6287 1.8500 0.5165 0 0
4.0000 0.9644 5.8685 0 0 0 0
5.0000 0.9529 8.4509 0 0 0.9000 0.3000
6.0000 0.9758 23.2499 0 0 0.8500 0.8000
7.0000 0.9766 25.6807 0 0 1.4300 0.3500
8.0000 1.0000 33.4345 1.1000 0.3912 0 0
9.0000 0.9319 13.3245 0 0 0.6000 0.5000

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Line Flows
#Line From Bus To Bus Real Reactive
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1.0000 1.0000 4.0000 0.1410 0.3424
2.0000 4.0000 5.0000 0.0326 0.0163
3.0000 5.0000 6.0000 0.0329 0.1140
4.0000 3.0000 6.0000 0.1033 -0.3700
5.0000 6.0000 7.0000 0.0385 -0.0109
6.0000 7.0000 8.0000 -0.0078 0.2950
7.0000 8.0000 2.0000 0.0501 0.5640
8.0000 8.0000 9.0000 0.2335 -0.5105
9.0000 9.0000 4.0000 -0.0357 -0.3374
 1.0000 4.0000 1.0000 -0.1016 -0.3424
2.0000 5.0000 4.0000 -0.0111 -0.1544
3.0000 6.0000 5.0000 0.1255 -0.4199
4.0000 6.0000 3.0000 -0.0601 0.3700
5.0000 7.0000 6.0000 0.0454 -0.1661
6.0000 8.0000 7.0000 0.1288 -0.4197
7.0000 2.0000 8.0000 0.0501 -0.5640
8.0000 9.0000 8.0000 0.0206 0.2623
9.0000 4.0000 9.0000 0.0976 0.1896

4. Change a generation equal to the load change, and repeat activity 3.

(i). Find Node voltages

Node voltages in the network is given in below table 5.1

Bus Voltage (p.u.) Angle

1 1.0000 0
2 1.0000 24.0796
3 1.0000 17.3957
4 0.9776 -0.4773
5 0.9716 0.1625
6 0.9826 11.0612
7 0.9819 11.3368
8 1.0000 17.5480
9 0.9344 3.9044
Table 5.1 Node voltages of the network when load equal to generation.

Voltage at each bus improves when load equals generation and power flows from the higher voltage angle bus
to lower voltage angle bus because the power is ac.

(ii). Check load generation balanced.

In balanced situation, generated power= Load Power + loss in the

network
Real power load-generation balance: -0.266505.

Again, Reactive power load-generation balance: -0.129664.

so there is a mismatch between the generated power and the load plus
losses power in the network. Therefore, power generation is not
balanced.

(iii). Power flow through line in the network.

 Line Flows

#Line From Bus To Bus Real Reactive

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.0000 1.0000 4.0000 0.0779 -0.0283

2.0000 4.0000 5.0000 0.0118 -0.0516

3.0000 5.0000 6.0000 0.0079 0.0389

4.0000 3.0000 6.0000 0.0799 -0.3700

5.0000 6.0000 7.0000 0.0204 -0.0883

6.0000 7.0000 8.0000 -0.0188 0.2191

7.0000 8.0000 2.0000 0.0208 0.3640

8.0000 8.0000 9.0000 0.1560 -0.4092

9.0000 9.0000 4.0000 -0.0817 -0.2321

1.0000 4.0000 1.0000 -0.0759 0.0283

2.0000 5.0000 4.0000 -0.0119 -0.0947

3.0000 6.0000 5.0000 0.0641 -0.3697

4.0000 6.0000 3.0000 -0.0379 0.3700

5.0000 7.0000 6.0000 0.0181 -0.1060

6.0000 8.0000 7.0000 0.0873 -0.3593

7.0000 2.0000 8.0000 0.0208 -0.3640

8.0000 9.0000 8.0000 -0.0332 0.1388

9.0000 4.0000 9.0000 0.1025 0.0782

(iv). Power losses in the network
Total real power losses : 0.407879 p.u.
Total reactive power losses: -1.23587 p.u.

(v). Number of iterations and solution time to solve the load flow
problem

Number Of Ieration : 6
Solution time : 0.039 sec.

(vi). Check reactive power status at the PV and slack bus

Reactive power at the slack bus(1) = 0.3893p.u.
Reactive power at the PV bus

Bus Reactive
power(p.u.)
2 0.1038
3 0.3996
8 0.0917

(vii). Use both tables and graph to present the load flow analysis

Enter the power system for LFA::9

IEEE 9 bus Power System

----------------------------------------

Report of Power Flow Calculations

Newton Raphson Loadflow Solution

----------------------------------------

04-Sep-2022

Number Of Ieration : 6

Solution time : 0.039 sec.

Total real power losses : 0.407879.

Total reactive power losses: -1.23587.

Real power load-generation balance: -0.266505.

Reactive power load-generation balance: -0.129664.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Generation Load

Bus Volts Angle Real Reactive Real Reactive

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.0000 1.0000 0 0.1414 0.3893 0 0

2.0000 1.0000 24.0796 1.8200 0.1038 0 0

 3.0000 1.0000 17.3957 1.8500 0.3996 0 0

4.0000 0.9776 -0.4773 0 0 0.9900 0

5.0000 0.9716 0.1625 0 0 0.9000 0.3000

6.0000 0.9826 11.0612 0 0 0.8500 0.8000

7.0000 0.9819 11.3368 0 0 1.4300 0.3500

8.0000 1.0000 17.5480 1.1000 0.0917 0 0

9.0000 0.9344 3.9044 0 0 0.6000 0.9000

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Line Flows

#Line From Bus To Bus Real Reactive

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.0000 1.0000 4.0000 0.0779 -0.0283

2.0000 4.0000 5.0000 0.0118 -0.0516

3.0000 5.0000 6.0000 0.0079 0.0389

4.0000 3.0000 6.0000 0.0799 -0.3700

5.0000 6.0000 7.0000 0.0204 -0.0883

6.0000 7.0000 8.0000 -0.0188 0.2191

7.0000 8.0000 2.0000 0.0208 0.3640

8.0000 8.0000 9.0000 0.1560 -0.4092

9.0000 9.0000 4.0000 -0.0817 -0.2321

1.0000 4.0000 1.0000 -0.0759 0.0283

2.0000 5.0000 4.0000 -0.0119 -0.0947

3.0000 6.0000 5.0000 0.0641 -0.3697

4.0000 6.0000 3.0000 -0.0379 0.3700

5.0000 7.0000 6.0000 0.0181 -0.1060

6.0000 8.0000 7.0000 0.0873 -0.3593

7.0000 2.0000 8.0000 0.0208 -0.3640

8.0000 9.0000 8.0000 -0.0332 0.1388

9.0000 4.0000 9.0000 0.1025 0.0782