UNIT III

PROPERTIES OF SURFACES AND SOLIDS

• Centroid of sections T section, I section,
Angle section, Hollow section
• Moment of Inertia of T section, I section, L
section
• Parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis
theorem
• Theorem of Pappus and Guldinus
• Polar moment of inertia, Principal axes of inertia
of I section, L section
• Mass moment of inertia simple sections
 CENTRE OF GRAVITY
The point, through which the whole weight of the body acts,
irrespective of its position, is known as centre of gravity
(briefly written as C.G.). It may be noted that everybody
has one and only one centre of gravity.
 CENTROID
• The plane figures (like triangle, quadrilateral, circle etc.)
have only areas, but no mass. The centre of area of such
figures is known as centroid.
• The method of finding out the centroid of a figure is the
same as that of finding out the centre of gravity of a
body.
 Centroids of different figures

Shape Figure X Y Area

Rectangle b L/2 b/2 LXb

Square a a /2 a /2 a2
a
 Centroids of different figures

Shape Figure X Y Area

Triangle h b/2 h/3 ½ bh

b

h
Triangle b/3 h/3 ½ bh
b
 Centroids of different figures

Shape Figure X Y Area

circle h d/2 d/2

b

Semi circle d/2

 Centroids of different figures
Shape Figure X Y Area

Semi circle h d/2

b

Quadrant

Quadrant