ace HISTORY HISTORICAL BACKGROUND + Americans defeated Spaniards in Spanish-American war. + Philippine literary production was spurred by two significant developments in education and culture: (1) the introduction of the free public instruction for all children of school age, and (2) the use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools (Santiago, 2015). + Spanish and Tagalog and the vernaculars were the languages used in writing during the first years in American colonization; but Spanish and Tagalog were the predominated languages. + In 1910, anew group started to write in English; hence, Spanish, Tagalog, and the vernaculars and English were the media used in literature, + The literature was considered as imitative of American model. Instead of asking the students to write originals, students ended up following the form of American poets.HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (CONT...) + Writers during the American Period drew ideas from the Propaganda Movement and the Revolutionary Movement to encourage the Filipinos to continue to fight against the U.S. Colonialism. + The literary genres that flourished during the American Period were poetry, sarswela, short story, and the novel. 1. POETS OF THE HEART (MGA MAKATA NG PAG-IBIG) 1. Lope Kk. Santos 2.Inigo Ed. Regalado 3. Carlos Gatmaitan 4, Pedro Gatmaitan 5.Jose Corazon de jesus 6.Cirilo Panganiban 7. Deogracias del Rosario 8. Ildefonso Santos 9, Amado V. Hernandez 10, Nemecio Carabana 11, Mar AntonioFORMS 1, poetry 2. drama (sarswela) 3. remake novels 4. short story A. POETRY + Poetry was written in the three languages - Filipino, Spanish, English, and in the different dialects. + Julian Cruz Balmaceda, a popular writer, dramatist and critic classified these poets based on the poems that they wrote. They are classified as: poets of the Heart, Poets of Life, and Poets of the Stage (American Period, 2016).2. POETS OF LIFE (MGA MAKATA NG BUHAY) 1. Lope K. Santos 2.. Jose Corazon de Jesus 3. Florentino Collantes 4. Patricio Mariano 5. Carlos Gatmaitan 6, Amado V. Hernandez 3. POETS OF THE STAGE (MGA MAKATA NG ENTABLADO) 1. Aurelio Tolentino 2. Patricio Mariano. 3. Severino Reyes 4, Tomas RemigioJOSE CORAZON DE JESUS + José Corazén de Jestis (November 22, 1896 - May 26, 1932), also known by his pen name Huseng Batute, was a Filipino poet who used Tagalog poetry to express the Filipinos’ desire for independence during the American occupation of the Philippines, a period that lasted from 1901 to 1946. (Wikipedia) + His first books of poem were "Mga Gintong Dahon" and "Sa Dakong Silangan’. MGA GINTONG DAHON + Mga Gintong Dahon were poems pre-occupied with such non-traditional themes as passion-slaying, grief-induced, insanity, and lover's suicide in the 1920s. Weak Corazen delesos 9 PioflenaesSA DAKONG SILANGAN Returned to the awit form, Sa Dakong Silangan retells the story of the Philippines under Spain, the coming of the U.S. under the guise of friendship to rake over from Spain. 8. DRAMA + It was during the early American period that the sarswela gained popularity. Most of the sarwelas, if not all, are directed against the American imperi + The works of Severino Reyes ("Walang Sugat") and Patricio Mariano ("Anak ng Dagat") are ‘equally remarkable sarwelas during the period. Here are the other noted sarswelistas: Aurelio Tolentino, Juan Abad, Juan Matapang Cruz, and Juan Crisostomo Sotto. + In Tagalog drama, Severino Reyes and Hermogenes llagan criticized the Spanish Moro- moro and showed that dramas can be powerful vehicles for propagation of Filipino values for the audiences. Aside from these values, these dramas were extensively used as ‘a way to promote nationalism as well.ORAMATISTS The popular dramatists during this period include: + Severino Reyes was called the “Father of Tagalog Drama.” His immortal play, “Walang Sugat” was his masterpiece. + Aurelio Tolentino was deemed the “Father of Kapampangan Drama.” His work, “Luhang Tagalog” was his masterpiece and his “Napon, Ngeni at Bukas" was a translation of his other masterpiece, “Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas.” + Hermogenes Ilagan was a dramatist who founded the group Camparfa llagan, presenting many dramas in Central Luzon. + Patricio Mariano wrote the play entitled “Ninay.” His masterpiece was “Anak ng Dagat.” + Julian Cruz Balmaceda was a playwright who wrote “Bunganga ng Paring.” WALANG SUGAT + Walang Sugat (1902)- is a sarsuwela (drama in the form singing) drawn from the period of Revolution, depicting the cruelty and corruption of friars and the heroism of the soldiers of the Katipunan.HIND! ACO PATAY + Hindi Aco Patay (Iam not Dead) is a sarswela presented at a local theater on May 8, 1903. + The play talks about the love between Karangalan (honor) and Tanggulan (defender, patriot) and their opposition to Macamcam (the American Government). (Drama and Sedition, 2009) TANIKALANG GUINTO -Taalng Glo Gold hat, rn yan Abad, was Test performed oul 7,190 Tre plo tks about ave and oppression Uso lot sit Independence forisdento ee ne ove Kolyan (anesthe, Hino nero} by her uncle Maimbot (greedy; the American Severinent, aimbot hngves Uys a olen chan whic symbolizes Ns conta over he GRA Hee _ Ameren Government found Tankalng Guin a edtous a Snajan Koad wae setenced to wo years przon and v= Se LO) fined 3209 on ay 10,1903, He waz out onal ad wrote Was rer ly, ng Pui ng Keone Entry Bud), He westhen areata a second te on May 8, 1904 (Drama and Sedition, 2009)C. NOVEL + Although written in a borrowed language (i.e. English), novels written during American Era dwelled on Filipino customs and traditions (Santiago, 2015). + Notable novelists include but not limited to Juan Cabreros Laya, Maximo Manguiat Kalaw, Gabriel Beato Francisco, Ifiigo Ed. Regalado, and Juan Lauro Arsciwals. 1, JUAN CABREROS CAV Avative Soil, a novel written in English by Juan Cabreros Laya in 1941, contained discourses on cultural identity, nationhood and being Filipino.2. MAXIMO MANGUIAT KALAW + The Filipino Rebel: A Romance of American Occupation in the Philippines, a novel written by Maximo Manguiat Kalaw and was published in 1891, analyzed American occupation in the Philippines and its effects on the country. + Specifically, the author examines the political system of the colonial Philippines and lays bare the inherent corruption in a system that pretends to be democratic, while still under American control. (McMahon, 2004) 3. GABRIEL BEATO FRANCISCO + Gabriel Beato Francisco is best known for his trilogy of (1) Fulgencia Galbillo, 1907; (2) Capitan Bensio, 1907; and (3) Alfaro, 1909 — all these depicted the 30-year-occupation-and-repression of the Spaniards to the Filipinos.4. INIGO ED. REGALADO + Madaling Araw ("Dawn") is a 1909 Tagalog-language novel written by Filipino novelist Ifigo Ed. Regalado. The 368-page novel was published in Manila, Philippines by the Aklatang J. Martinez (. Martinez Library) during the American Period in Philippine history (1899-1946) (Wikipedia). + This novel shows the complex interrelations of issues and people in contemporary Philippine society. 5, JUAN LAURO ARSCIWALS + One of the remarkable masterpeices of Juan L. Arsciwals was Lalaking uliradn 6 Tulisan?, an allusion to the colonial law that branded Filipino patriots as bandits.D. SHORT STORY + infton te pee sppessipn erating in leh sare natn af he style of oer rata aherece oer ne stress racy opr Aarts Ey Su wr gh wee en aed tte Aneto Sop ‘etamangnay of Pp lotr eptgo aoe nhs oe Papp enor sayin caaen fom 501-5 pose totes rose st Unaran tran xr profane taares or tes wiingr ayaa ania heslana At Uae Pa rns, inn he Univers the Pippa sud n 8 ne afte Egan eno tiene onan te caaret TheL ‘tnta sno sobre Srp nan mde totus fe nsoy fe Repose melon ene ea “story writes began publishing stores no longer imitative of American models. This, sry writers He IeaianoCalaang, AE. kate, Arture pat ner ar, ot Ans os mang th i rane (samage 2015p 7) + Serta eran genres run sngty te Ameria Fire ray adopt ahr sary bese 32 formfreaation rd “rerinment orn tote wre freon eousuen nto sho he. rent nln) roe were Srsonfthrby andluge, hor sores bg tbe peed mvs chs nenpaper an pares cng Wt net eae UP {Sera he pre rote pc at mut: op Sr ay resi a mL DEAD STARS ead stasis aor story by Paz Marques Benitez writen 1925 The story basically a compilation oe complicated reumstances hat every man hast {go throvghn fe. Are mas torn between doing what sight and what Inhis heart. fede Salazar sa lawyer and the man character inthe story He 'sthe lve ofthe feof Experansa, They have been together forfour year and ‘meant get married In May. The ‘elatorshi nthe beginning was ful of enthusiasm, flo love and happiness Gut ke ther ong term reonship, thelr feelings fr each other changes as time goes by. Esperarva was beaut eegant, reserved, and dsntly nat average type ofa woman. She loves her Are so much and usted him with her whole heat. Aer thei four years of engagement Afedothoughtof finding his eal wants. When Afeso {edo do some neighboring wth his dos Bon Jllan, he metula Salas, their neighbors Ssterinfan. she Was st WstrIntoun ard been there fer only six tweet. They found good company between theives ands they nei became a weet hab for aed to vist ner afer ever Suncaye mas jas the average type, not so beautiful but stil terest Nifeda so much, As they ‘grew ther new tiendship, Alfredo found new happiness and start alHOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A WIFE + How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife" by Manuel Estabillo Arguilla scanned the scenery as. well as the folkways of llocandia (Santiago, 2015). ee AU