functional programming

and

Java 8
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“Every problem in computer science can be solved
by adding another level of indirection.”

- David Wheeler
 Programming Paradigms
• Machine Code

• Procedural Languages

• Object Oriented Languages

• Functional Languages

• Domain Specific Languages

 What is FP ?

In computer science, functional programming is a

programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and
elements of computer programs—that treats computation as
the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids
changing-state and mutable data.
 Origins
• Lambda Calculus (A.Church, 1930s)

• Combinatory Logic (H.Curry, 1930s)

• LISP (J.McCarthy, 1960s)

• ML (1970s)

• OCaml (1996)

• …
 FP: Why Now ?
• Moore’s Law runs out (in terms of CPU speeds)

• Increasing need for;

• Concurrency & Parallelism

• Distributed Computing

• Scalability
 Benefits of FP
• Concurrency/Parallelism without tears

• Succinct, concise, understandable programming model

• Different programming perspective

• Reusability, testability

• Becoming more accessible

 Functional Languages
• Haskell * • Erlang

• Clean * • Java

• Lisp/Scheme • Scala

• ML/OCaml • C++ (11+)

• F# • JavaScript

* Pure
 Sample:

Imperative Approach
class Player { String name; int score; Player(..){..} }

void declareWinner(Player p) {
System.out.println(p.name + “ is the winner! ”);
}

void winner(Player p1, Player p2) { // Impure

if(p1.score > p2.score)
declareWinner(p1);
else
declareWinner(p2);
}

winner(new Player(“Ram”, 10), new Player(“John”, 20));

 Sample:

Functional Core + Impure Layers

class Player { String name; int score; Player(..){..} }

void declareWinner(Player p) {
System.out.println(p.name + “ is the winner! ”);
}

Player maxScore(Player p1, Player p2) {

return p1.score > p2.score ? p1 : p2;
}

Player winner(Player p1, Player p2) {

declareWinner(maxScore(p1, p2));
}

winner(new Player(“Ram”, 10), new Player(“John”, 20));

 Sample:

Reuse

List<Player> players = List(Player("Ram", 10),

Player("John", 15),
Player("Hari", 20),
Player("Krishna", 17));

System.out.println(players.stream().reduce(Play::maxScore));
Hands on examples

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Done. (for now)

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