Mary Lenore Amamanglon, RN

Winnie Sherlyn Salcedo, RN

2
 3

o Body belonging to God. The inviolability of the person, which is a

reflection of the absolute inviolability of God, finds its primary and
fundamental expression in the inviolability of human life (47).
o Offense against the Dignity of the Person. The body shares
inseparably with the soul in the dignity and human value belonging
to the person: it is a body-subject (soul or the temple of the Holy
Spirit) and not a body-object. Hence, every improper intervention
on the body is an offense against the dignity of the person and
therefore against God, who is one, and absolute Lord of it (47).
 4

o Sacred Character of Life. Human life is sacred because from its

beginning it involves ‘the creative action of God’ and it remains
forever in a special relationship with the Creator who is its sole end.
God alone is the Lord of life from its beginning until its end: no one
can, in any circumstance, claim for himself the right to destroy
directly an innocent human being (48).
o Technological Possibilities and Ethical Permissibility.
Technological possibilities must be measured by the standard of
ethical permissibility, which determines their human compatibility,
or whether they effectively safeguard and respect the dignity of the
human person. For, not everything that is technically possible
can be considered morally admissible (49).
 Morality of
Abortion, Rape, and other
problems related to the
Destruction of Life
Abortion o The deliberate removal (or deliberate action
to cause the expulsion) of a fetus from the
womb of a human female, at the request of or
through the agency of the mother, so as in fact
to result in the death of the fetus.
o It can occur spontaneously (usually termed
miscarriages) due to complications during
pregnancy or can be induced. 6
 Abortion
“The fruit of human procreation, from the first
and the moment of its existence, must be guaranteed that
Destruction unconditional respect which is morally due to the
of Nascent human being in his or her totality and unity as
Life body and spirit: ‘The human being is to be
respected and treated as a person from the
moment of conception; and therefore from that
same moment his rights as a person must be
recognized, among which in the first place is the
inviolable right of every innocent human being to
life (51).’”

7
7 weeks Abortion 8 weeks Abortion

8
9-14 weeks Abortion 22 weeks Abortion

24 weeks Abortion 26 weeks Abortion

9
 The elimination of the life of an unwanted
unborn child has become a rather widespread
phenomenon, financed by public funding and
facilitated by permissive laws that either
decriminalize or legalize procured abortion. All
this inevitably leads many people to stop taking
any responsibility for nascent life and to trivialize
No to Cultural abortion and ignore its moral gravity (51).
Acceptance of
Abortion

10
11
 Abortion is the expulsion from the womb of an
immature, non-viable fetus (Cf. CCC, 2270–2275; 57ff).
This immaturity determines the essential trait of
abortion: the death of the fetus. Basically, there are
two kinds of abortion:
1.Miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, is
due to causes that are beyond human
control. It has no moral qualification.
2.Induced abortion is due to voluntary and
Catholic effective human intervention. It is sought as
an end or as a means. In the first case, the
Teaching on main purpose is getting rid of the baby. The
Abortion second seeks other effects, such as—in the
so-called therapeutic abortion—the health
of the mother.
12
 The right to life does not come from the
parents, society, nor any human authority; it
comes directly from God. Therefore, nobody may
dispose of another’s life, neither as an end nor as
a means. Induced abortion is thus intrinsically
evil, and must be qualified as homicide.
The direct and voluntary killing of an innocent
Catholic human being is always gravely immoral, even
Teaching on when it is performed as a means to a good end (Cf.
John Paul II, Enc. Evangelium Vitae, 57).
Abortion
13
 In order to highlight its moral evil,
ecclesiastical law expressly punishes abortion.
All the participants, including the mother,
automatically incur excommunication. The
Magisterium of the Church has consistently
condemned abortion throughout history, even
Catholic when the exact moment of the fetus’s animation
was being disputed (Cf. CIC, can. 1398).
Teaching on
Abortion
14
 Respect for human life and radical
condemnation of abortion as intrinsically evil is
not an exclusive position of Catholics. All people
of upright judgment share this view, which is
based on what a person is and should be. In some
persons, however, this moral stance has been
obscured by the alleged negative consequences
of rejecting abortion (medical, eugenic,
economic, or social evils). All these false reasons
Catholic violate the basic principle of human life: Life is
Teaching on sacred from the very first moment of conception.
Moreover, life is a good of a higher nature than
Abortion those alleged in defense of abortion.

15
 An entirely different thing is indirect
abortion, or indirectly provoked abortion. This is
an unwanted and unavoidable consequence of a
good action. It is foreseen, but not wanted—just
tolerated. The good action must be necessary for
reasons that are serious enough to balance the
evil effect of abortion. The latter, we must insist, is
never wanted and would be avoided if it were
Catholic possible. Indirect abortion is another case of
double effect, or indirectly voluntary, actions. It is
Teaching on lawful when all the conditions required in these
Abortion cases are fulfilled.

16
17
 Professional Integrity. The Church raises
her voice in defense of life, in particular life that
is defenseless and ignored, such as embryonic
and fetal life. The Church, therefore, calls health
care workers to professional integrity, which
tolerates no action that destroys life, despite “the
risk of incomprehension, misunderstandings,
and even weighty acts of discrimination that this
coherence may involve. Medical and Health
Care Integrity declares illegitimate any
surgical or pharmaceutical aimed at
interrupting pregnancy at any stage (52).

18
 Assessing Extreme Situations. It is
understandable that, in certain cases,
refraining from abortion might be seen to
conflict with goods that are deemed
important and worth safeguarding, as in the
case of serious danger to the health of the
mother, gravely challenging socioeconomic
situations, or a pregnancy that originated in
sexual violence.
We cannot ignore or minimize these
difficulties and the reasons that give rise to
them. It is necessary, however, to affirm that
none of them can confer the right to dispose
of the life of another person, even in its
initial phase: there are no exceptions to the
moral norm that prohibits the direct
destruction of an innocent human being (53).
19
 Embryo Reduction is an intentional selective
abortion. It is in fact the deliberate and direct
elimination of one or more innocent human
beings in the initial phase of their existence and
NO as such it always constitutes a grave moral
disorder.
to Embryo
Interceptive Methods prevent implantation of
Reduction, the embryo in the mother’s womb (e.g. IUD,
Interception, morning-after pills).
Contragestation Contragestive Methods cause the elimination
of an already implanted embryo, always amount
to direct abortion [RU-486 (Mifepristone),
synthetic prostaglandins or Methotrexate] (56).
20
Interceptive
Methods
(IUD &
Morning-
after Pills)

21
Contragestive
Methods
[RU-486
(Mifepristone),
synthetic
prostaglandins
or
Methotrexate]

22
 NO
to Abortion for
Anencephalic
Fetuses

23
 The brainstem of anencephalic fetuses is
usually present but the cerebral hemispheres fail
to develop. Many anencephalic fetuses die before
delivery, and the rate of survival after birth is very
NO low. It is not lawful to procure an abortion because
the condition of anencephaly has been
to Abortion for ascertained. The pregnant woman must be
adequately supported and accompanied in this
Anencephalic difficult experience.
Fetuses
At birth, these infants receive only ordinary
care, including palliative care, while avoiding any
form of excessively burdensome or truly futile
intervention (58).
24
 Constitution of the Republic of
the Philippines (1987),
Philippines’ Article II, Section 12
Abortion
Provisions
The Revised Penal Code of the
Philippines,
Act No. 3815 of
December 8, 1930,
Articles 256-259
25
Abortion agony in the Philippines – Al Jazeera 26
 Art. 256. Intentional abortion. – Any person who
The Revised Penal shall intentionally cause an abortion shall suffer:
Code of the
1. The penalty of reclusion temporal, if he shall
Philippines,
use any violence upon the person of the
Act No. 3815 of pregnant woman.
December 8, 1930,
Articles 256-259 2. The penalty of prision mayor if, without using
violence, he shall act without the consent of the
woman.
3. The penalty of prision correccional in its
medium and maximum periods, if the woman
shall have consented.

27
The Revised Penal
Code of the
Philippines,
Act No. 3815 of Art. 257. Unintentional abortion. – The penalty of
prision correccional in its minimum and medium
December 8, 1930,
period shall be imposed upon any person who
Articles 256-259 shall cause an abortion by violence, but
unintentionally.

28
 Art. 258. Abortion practiced by the woman
herself of by her parents. – The penalty of prision
correccional in its medium and maximum periods
The Revised Penal shall be imposed upon a woman who shall
Code of the practice abortion upon herself or shall consent
Philippines, that any other person should do so.
Act No. 3815 of Any woman who shall commit this offense to
December 8, 1930, conceal her dishonor, shall suffer the penalty of
Articles 256-259 prision correccional in its minimum and medium
periods.
If this crime be committed by the parents of the
pregnant woman or either of them, and they act
with the consent of said woman for the purpose of
concealing her dishonor, the offenders shall
suffer the penalty of prision correccional in its
medium and maximum periods. 29
 Art. 259. Abortion practiced by a physician or
The Revised Penal midwife and dispensing of abortives. – The
Code of the penalties provided in Article 256 shall be
Philippines, imposed in its maximum period, respectively,
Act No. 3815 of upon any physician or midwife who, taking
December 8, 1930, advantage of their scientific knowledge or skill,
Articles 256-259 shall cause an abortion or assist in causing the
same.
Any pharmacist who, without the proper
prescription from a physician, shall dispense any
abortive shall suffer arresto mayor and a fine not
exceeding 1,000 pesos.

30
 Ethical 1. Killing an innocent life is wrong. As human
life begins at conception, the fetus is a living
Dilemmas being, which is very innocent. Therefore, doing
abortion is wrong and is a merciless act.
AGAINST
2. Fetus is a person. People consider the fetus
Abortion as a unique genetic code and a unique
There are certain issues individual, and therefore, it should not be
in abortion that are in destroyed.
dilemma or under
debate. A nurse must 3. If not killed, the fetus would also grow into a
have knowledge about human being and have a future similar to
such issues and handle others, therefore, it is wrong to kill the fetus
them carefully. and destroy its future.

31
 Ethical 4. It is wrong to cause pain and discomfort to
Dilemmas the fetus. Since the fetus can feel pain by 18
weeks, carrying out abortion after 18 weeks of
AGAINST pregnancy will cause pain to the fetus.
Abortion 5. Legalized killing of fetus is wrong as legal
There are certain issues killing reduces or decreases the respect for
in abortion that are in life. It is bad for the society and contributes to
dilemma or under mercy killing called euthanasia and genocide,
debate. A nurse must and increases the mortality rate of children.
have knowledge about Therefore, abortion is always considered to be
such issues and handle wrong.
them carefully.

32
 1. A pregnant woman has the right to survive.
In certain cases, if abortion is not done, the fetus
will harm the life of the mother. In such cases, the
Ethical mother has the right to abort the fetus; she has the
Delimitation right to the ownership of her own body, right to
decide for her own future, and right to take
FAVOUR of decisions without any moral or legal intervention.
Abortion 2. Fetus is only a potential human being and
Though there are hence does not have the rights similar to
arguments against human beings.
abortion, there are 3. Fetus is not necessarily considered as a
certain cases where ‘person’ with the right to live. If the growth of
abortion is done with the fetus is harmful to the mother, the doctor will
scientific rationale. advice abortion. A fetus never attains the stage of
development that makes a person a moral human
being and hence can be aborted. 33
 4. It is not always wrong to end the life of an
Ethical innocent person. In the case of conjoint twins,
that is, thoracopagus, where two fetuses are joined
Delimitation together, effort is made to separate the twins.
Sometimes, only one child can be saved and the
FAVOUR of separating process may lead to the death of the
Abortion other child.
Though there are 5. There are cases where abortion is done
arguments against since there is a serious medical problem to
abortion, there are mother or the fetus: eclampsia, uncontrolled
certain cases where convulsion, untreatable hyperemesis, multiple
abortion is done with pregnancies, defective fetus that will die if
scientific rationale. pregnancy is continued, defective fetus such that
the baby will not be able to survive after birth.
34
 6. Abortion is done because the child will not
be normal and healthy to be able to survive
Ethical (e.g. down syndrome or mental retardation).

Delimitation 7. There are cases where abortion is done

since the pregnancy was totally
FAVOUR of unintentional (e.g. rape, failure of contraception,
unsuccessful vasectomy, mentally incapable
Abortion woman).
Though there are
arguments against 8. Abortion is also done in cases where the
abortion, there are pregnancy was unintentional, but the risk
certain cases where was taken by the parent (e.g. usage of failed
abortion is done with contraceptives even after knowing all the
scientific rationale. advantages and disadvantages of the
contraceptive before using it; careless use of
contraceptive; not using contraception).
35
 Ethical
Delimitation
FAVOUR of 9. Abortion is done because the pregnancy
affects the lifestyle of the mother (e.g.
Abortion coping up with a disabled child is difficult for
Though there are the a pregnant mother; difficulty in bringing
arguments against up the child because of poverty).
abortion, there are
certain cases where
abortion is done with
scientific rationale.

36
 Right and When the law permits abortion, health care
Duty of workers “must refuse politely but firmly.” A
Conscientious human being can never obey an intrinsically
immoral law, as is the case with a law that
Objection admitted, as a matter of principle, that abortion is
licit. The force of the inviolability of human life
and of God’s law, which defends it, precedes any
positive human law. When human law contradicts
it, conscience affirms its primary right and the
primacy of God’s law: “We must obey God rather
than men” (Acts 5:29) (59).

37
 Health care workers have particular
obligations toward aborted fetuses. An aborted
fetus, if still alive, must be baptized
Duties toward (“Emergency Baptism”).
Aborted
Fetuses An aborted fetus that is already dead deserves
the respect owed to a human corpse, and if
possible it should be given a suitable burial.

38
 o Proximate Matter: the application of water to
the body of the candidate by way of a triple
immersion in water, or by a triple effusion of
it.
Matter and
o Remote Matter: true and natural water. In
Form of case of necessity, what is still commonly called
Baptism and considered water may be used, even if it is
mixed with other substances.

o Form: “(Name), I baptize you in the name of the

Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”
39
40
Rape

41
42
Rape
An unlawful sexual activity and usually sexual
intercourse carried out forcibly or under threat of
injury against a person's will or with a person
who is beneath a certain age or incapable of
valid consent because of mental illness, mental
deficiency, intoxication, unconsciousness, or
deception.

43
 1. Date Rape. A non-domestic rape committed
by someone who knows the victim, and drug
facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), where the
rapist intentionally drugs the victim with a date
rape drug so that they are incapacitated.

Types
of Rape

44
 2. Gang Rape. Occurs when a group of people
participate in the rape of a single victim.

Types
of Rape

45
 3. Spousal Rape. Also known as
marital rape, wife rape, husband
rape, partner rape or intimate
Types partner sexual assault (IPSA), is
rape between a married or de
of Rape facto couple without one spouse's
consent. Spousal rape is
considered a form of domestic
violence and sexual abuse.

46
 4. Rape of Children. Rape of a child is a form
of child sexual abuse. When committed by
another child (usually older or stronger) or
adolescent, it is called child-on-child sexual
abuse. When committed by a parent or other
close relatives such as grandparents, aunts and
Types uncles, it is also incest and can result in serious
and long-term psychological trauma.When a
of Rape child is raped by an adult who is not a family
member but is a caregiver or in a position of
authority over the child, such as school
teachers, religious authorities, sports trainers
(coaches) or therapists, to name a few, on
whom the child is dependent, the effects can
be similar to incestual rape.
47
48
5. Statutory
Rape

49
50
 6. Prison Rape.

Types
of Rape

51
 7. Serial Rape. Is rape committed by a
person over a relatively long period of
Types time and committed on a number of
victims. Most times this type of rapist is
of Rape unknown to the victim and follows a
specific and predictable pattern of
targeting and assaulting victims.

52
 8. War Rapes. Are rapes committed by soldiers,
other combatants or civilians during armed
conflict or war, or during military occupation. It
also covers the situation where girls and
women are forced into prostitution or sexual
slavery by an occupying power.

Types
of Rape

53
 9. Rape by Deception. Occurs when
the perpetrator gains the victim's
Types agreement through fraud. In one
case, a man pretended to be an

of Rape official for a government who had

power to cause negative impacts on
a woman to pressure a woman into
sexual activities.

54
 10.Corrective Rape. Is targeted rape
against non-heterosexuals as a
punishment for violating gender roles. It
Types is a form of hate crime against LGBT
individuals, mainly lesbians, in which
of Rape the rapist justifies the act as an
acceptable response to the victim's
perceived sexual or gender orientation
and a form of punishment for being gay.

55
 11.Custodial Rape. Is rape perpetrated by a
person employed by the state in a supervisory
or custodial position, such as a police officer,
public servant or jail or hospital employee. It
includes the rape of children in institutional
care such as orphanages.
Types
of Rape

56
 Forms of child sexual abuse:
1. Obscene phone calls, text messages, or
digital interaction
Child Sexual 2. Fondling. To grab and touch and feel oneself
Abuse does not or others in a sexual manner
need to include
3. Exhibitionism, or exposing oneself to a minor
physical contact
between a 4. Masturbation in the presence of a minor or
perpetrator and a forcing the minor to masturbate;
child. 5. Intercourse. Sex of any kind with a minor,
including vaginal, oral, or anal;
6. Producing, owning, or sharing pornographic
images or movies of children
57
Child Sexual
Abuse does not 7. Sex trafficking. Human trafficking for the
need to include purpose of sexual exploitation, including
physical contact sexual slavery
between a 8. Any other sexual conduct that is harmful to a
perpetrator and a child's mental, emotional, or physical welfare.
child.

58
 FOUR ASPECT OF CARE
(Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health
As a Nurse what Care Services )
should we do 1. She must receive spiritual and psychological
when we support and counseling to help her deal with
the trauma of the attack.
discover
someone was 2. Health care providers need to cooperate with
law enforcement officials, gathering evidence
raped or when that can be used in the prosecution of the
a person comes rapist.
to us seeking 3. The victim needs treatment for bruises, cuts, or
help? other injuries.
4. Contraction of venereal disease and
pregnancy.
59
 Answer the
following
questions in a 1. Is abortion justifiable in
short bond paper cases of RAPE or INCEST?
and submit it next
meeting. Why?
12 font size
2. As an Augustinian Student
Times New Roman Nurse, reflect on the topic
Single space abortion vis-à-vis rape.
1-inch margin
(all sides)

60
 Belmote, Charles ed. “The Social Doctrine of the Church.” In Faith Seeking
Understanding Volume II. Philippines: Studium Theologiae Foundation, Inc.,
2006.
Clement, Nisha. Nursing Ethics: Concepts, Trends and Practices. Delhi: Pearson,
2013.
Pontifical Council for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers. New Charter for
Sources Health Care Workers. Translated by The National Catholic Bioethics Center.
(Philadelphia: The National Catholic Bioethics Center, 2017), accessed 17
August 2019. https://www.ncbcenter.org/resources/church-documents-
bioethics/new-charter-health-care-workers/
https://reproductiverights.org/world-abortion-laws/philippines-abortion-provisions
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/ispeak/105680-reality-abortion-philippines
https://reproductiverights.org/worldabortionlaws

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