* Wydvautic Machine g- TA is debined as, the mie which canvert either hyolraulte enesgy X Torbine 3- # General Tt is the bydiqulic wile into mechanical energy ov M7-E inte hidvaulic eneegy which convert the hycrsaulic energy into mechanical eneray. Lopoul of, bydroelectic power plant o- i Tuxbine shalt ee Wead CHD Dam4 ed? of Heads 3. ympressed jvoss Head Cty) + oes is | c . Cass of. One of | “the difkerence between head race level £ -{empos iS ¢ go the int yest cOnStra the pipeli @ > Net Head CH>9- vb toil vace level ts cated as goss head. jons ha i ; (OSD) 1 TL Is also called os ebbective head, rs debived as the head available at the inlet ok the ‘tusbine. Meve theix ts loss oh head clye to lnicion bef? penstock £ water occuss. Though theve qve other lesser also such as loss dye 40 bend, pire bittings; all these losses ave smelt i magnitude. So We CoD neglect iL: Me Hq- . lina cascade 4 hh, LCV: pel hye Bev : 24 Dp fmnected to t : ge! 4p - length ob Pensteck in melas hat as the # Dp- Pia. ob Penstock im meters. eiiers. 20% ‘up- Velocil . , bases the [ : 4 0} water in PMshock, qpitan arrange’ } - Bichon factor. inside the 5! © aad oe Sa i kK ots iN A fy) oon = 0:9n63 89 Vy = S9-S0 Ws Vices 2 <7-so cosic! ssSh ms Nise id a dio $4 @ ARBC cospe Ve Uwe Ve | cose? = SE6R— Vion S450 Nai = 9.09 TOs dp Dhee e ED ; 2 pischarae g- , SQvit 7 owes WSité eve War lemon Gx CREST 1 Dia. ok Jet D+ ot Cade. phebegiven Asser DNbe 1x Klay CAP C12\-829 ; saan] g. Force _excerved by Tet (FDE- Fa $q Lvwj-vw.]gs, ys Noch water aduatly shiking runner ve Ver oh usater supplied to stunner S 0-93'= 2 a > ose = thod or o: ae we ecentiy the ho, Fs 89 [uu va] ) alloy ith an = looex 244 [verse 2 os} . Fos 287.92 KW. etween hich is Ke Eneegy losi_ ad exit of bucket: (Pot 3- I ugh a . ich i Peeis = LOGY lich is ‘eat g eg. 7 | A fever mer to nace = = Nb id. Sing = ee Ss 4 : sie Vb $7-40 ~ ee Vhe= la Is 0and Aw vis Vhr+ Yo, i. = Wears Ga-099% ne Ups ISAS OS nged : may Pesik = 4glox ally cist | die S$ sO yee tly the off,tree raxrnical, double jcb pelten wheel operate Under a gross head Ob boom. ‘the NoyYeo ave So mm clia. uditn coe bhicient o} Velotity 29 0 98 . “he pitch, civele ob bucket is iam olin. 4 bucket speed is o-dse times the jd speed. “the buckel detlee! the jet by 16s? 4 due to chen he + elative velocity aa veduced by ‘7%. The ollowing | From VeESevvory E rt mechanicnl ebticien ey is ae7% The Udater 'S supplied tts the turbines by yeans ob Awe Pavallel pipet, each Goomm dra. Ligown lon wl h's 9.031. Th the quontity of, water supplied te each Mrbine 0-6: my, -caleulale £12 specific speed diamensienless specibic speed Cchape number) Mo ob Wheel =3 5 “Loo feds pea wheel 2 Ha Loom, c= fommm | cy 2 o.ge ,dENSMH Ux=OUEY, Pi IEs° N42 o-ssvy, a NT » Nmech = 157. , Des Gop mm Ips ager Yr008 | gs 0.66 wy Total Aischeyye by 3 Wheel = Bx Bone Tt B*O6 = NIE M7, Hse Wz Ha. hb : aT : 2 = he. bapve y, dle Or Wa Watrae “14 Dp 12 dp of Hoe too - 8:08 x 4kox Chast no 2¥ Chowne} Hof 339-124 Miz cv an = 018 Seager wea ye 71996 Is © Ue 046V, 2 0-46r79- 796 _ xp We 3eTMs FUT TE se 5672 Aare! ante n= S3q0¢ FP° Pt to ar Ash i “mech = o [vw 3 Woon ye 196° ves, THT KID Nit ay rane 3e4 Vay 2 43-046 MIS Nit O83 = ogsx Goo’ yt, =3ST6 M/s vrpcosg = 35-76 CoS IS garage gush SU a bee ever _ te cosh = Ve Cols 36-967 VAL 35-76 Vr = 2.22 Is C1994 My 2 Lag ~ 202] x Be7 = 84/7 Uz 36-76 Is Hy> Minedax Mh = O84K0-9F 7 O8H4 __? to aH ead ee ee Won N40 x 33.42 P= Sligo .ohu ki Nez NYPT WSiy = 8416 (Haeuy CsF 92 %G Avs ee 5 an wie, : sg? cq 5 nee oie Ces)": con Ns= 0-026a GE F Whe following data webevs AS Pelton wheel tes ee, Z Head alosve voxyle = S08" Lenyth ob pipe line = S00 7 Head lost due de fri fo pipe s 10% eh head above nosyle. 5 Mo: ok Nose = tt Diavsb bucked pitch civele < go em cy 2 0-36 4 tr ert be oet dese om. Buckel wie veduces Yelo. bY 157. Yenec = 987 Bucked SPeed/ 56] speed = OUT Pedewmine @ dia.o pipeline Cdr) 4 ® hy La ® wit speed enw ® vit Power Crud @® sp. speed. ened — Given Data: | Wg= Seam 5d = Som Wins oaswy L= Soom 5 p= BOM fa Les? Woe Ie xses sem, eves s gcis® neu 5 beret oes = OS h y= eT D 1. Dia- ob Pipeline CDed3- y= O47 We Hg-hk = 300 30 H= 2Fem- Vt ev (294 = 0.96 281x270 y= 6987 Mls Appt continuity eqPate Pensiock € exit o} nowle. Apavp = Axyjeh — [% dischowe by gh gums ri Up= Unknown. atea 2 he rave . Wye oF . 20 e102 x600% Ve ; oc < grornboox Se 2AYBI» Dp y (sire Vp = 49 De 7 v ee Vez ay De \ NeNp> ANH ‘ BR ovbavps Aut ORNS i per are (o0sdn 6487 44 pps 9008 weeny vu. = O4F 26987 ut 82788 MIs Vays Vers 69°87 ~ 32°83 ‘ Vs) = 37-04 M)s Via = O85 NT = orgs C3704) | = VAT Viz COSd = BNYT CONS fake —Vvieg, = hh 4 Vez, f ds00® | y,, (eet Cosg = V-var Ww eve vi eo5lt ce 23D VO = t [6e-84 - 2us]sr8s Bereta - ae HT C6983 * Vu = 2H m5ane ! Nye Be N- Unknean 4 zon 60 i Rxo8er Brees Sa Nu = mee B- voit power (ud t- 2 = Po unkaoun: Yee = ats- PiD= 8q Lv aV]U — @-tnkreen. ” " 0 AY, 22 ty x Aly (O08) x 69:87 ” Qz OUR wy De tooon osteg [69-87 7 2us] x E23 ] > = bem me. / 7 eS e OSS Tale x 188 Pa Ws2-22 KO Wg2222%V0> C27ep3l2 Pa "6. seed Cred te nye BYP, Bye Pky Were = Fes fie, 5 CP aey) 2 3. Newall ebeycteoet "le = teAGE double aVeHhug Pelton wees isc \ qaemescdst producing Lom unde ‘eupled 49 an elechic san ebtecive head oh Loom Estimate the Jet dia, wn Yay wean clia. ob runnes, io Speed 4 SP: speed ie abies When genesaloy eeu yaw Tp rlowy Gx (RSAD _ enTs Ws @F assumen=) 2 goth aS = My Mlk AP% (BEAD gz 07309%9}y. ear di us Speed (Ngan) t- ue ku fae = Ben 0 na be Ros [rraaietee 5. sanehsone’ n~ (872 pe Blo THR: eA we bok peso cles fain ob Pole. pe ke pial 2tes® C0054— ¥ pademirt TE Power +4, 5 ‘ ad can rerbing ih a ebbicieney of PE achisved by a Peling iene-“resevvoir is Lib the eevan elevaheon of \Boonn § Zoom: The dia. o % the elevath, bawe pipe in ove =a si is Morale bo . HH has a lenaqy, ok lokm. Whe 9 ; qesistonce ¢ Pelton Turbine has die. 6 Neglect celbiciemt 8 0-02 the of . 4m & peostock, eglec tossea j ia. ob tel Bo ase resulty fei 'p We Dowle € assume os seed * Speed of the wana We 2U+Delermine the angular cel 4 the tox. que an the turbine ¢ os saree’ Gl mibine shabt - = a vel = Boo pe lok) pz bm, broor, Jog) MRL Nox ko%, Palm, wry étyel FV 9, Dproém, Has Her- TRL = Wow 80D = leDaM+ Nie Cv V2GM Peis Unknown we FY -hb- zu J joes ~. 5 48 74d BPP ak = tooo - 9:82 Jor tox Ve _@ DX G EIKO Apye = 9 Avs 2 % xlosd ver I Ancor» ceFEt Vy Np= 0 OtTTM vi FH Vp OO PTR Ie Lng gixl -® pul this value neg? ®et aL 44 He looo — Spd A\OX10 wm COrOLTTI_& 1% Pray) DAR x OG ——\? . He 196-41 m- Nyt ey Sgn = ye Shearer 146.4) Vy, = Cem, 24.42 Ww / Ut OSV Ox RRS 12492 Uz 62-46 MIG us ABH €o coe Serene ra N= 298.22 wpm. R LR x 298-20 & ee ee eee €o 66 ANs PotTxw ee A MMos. Brotal = aA x col 2 TVR Aneryx Mlegry | 3 = o-4e1 roy, Yo 7 on O80 = e qRlOKa-GR) x T4CU P= 612US-IT KW " pr tw G124x lore TX 823 Te WWE KNy MAY- 98. we In a bydvo-elechic scheme a vo. of to be Used under -he follousin. gress head 2hism, Pelion wheels ave J cond” total ofp reqd gorau Sted Qtg5eE | ck gets pe, Wheel, = 0-97 Wor BNSC eased om cond™ immediately before nossles-). diawensienless sp. speed met exceed 0: 922 vey Cree ome Set. head loss aue to Fr io pipe mot to exceed lam calculate. —O Pe ob urheels vegl. —* @ Wwe dia of det & wheel. ® ® Wh sib blddes deblec} Moe Water thre’ es 2 reduce its velative velo. by IS 7, % ob iwput Power thed remains EF at water ab discharge. Take Fel? for dliamensionless SP. Speed: 7 Vv Nee NP Where - N+ vps. areal Pe Halts. Sh Cand H- meters. R= 1000 Ka lmd- . Given Daa ; Ne 2m Provis Some 3 Ye hb y Hee 2sr 3 wvee$F rigs. g a2 74¥~ Rr eacvnss | TWeRLSL Vis ory © No- of wheels ¢- | No. ob usheels = —Piotel Pone « dee SR > = Gus Nos= o- B22 eV. (for ove Jad) BUL He have Rooqes \ a. : OWE Ng s 280-022 = 0-044 vev. \ roby 625 TP a He Nqchb 1 ye Goss (42) 234 SIMS Re 223300 one wheel & fe Se] : . 4 ! ~ Pz Arsdrte® Te. power slevela ped by > e Is ¢ Wat Nook wheels= Ftotal . Sorter ‘tot j Pone 12-39 x16 ak Wheels= 242 wZDheelsX Dia ob del dd F ali Oh hed Cad :- ptt ni Ne eee NN = Bxq-RIK23S a 997 J2798 Blo - 3 ois = axle = 68-59 ™)s VaRionee gr (65-53) . ty @= ier ws [eee taecls 3 6 sat. per g = NAN, IEW = 6X Rly Cd) (6-88) Wu 23 kus not given = O46 PRB) 233 aoe Uys Sito ls, u.2 ADH Se 3 Blt c AXDREZTXCO cece a Hideowic ebb i (4,9 He 2 Lvyt Vir Ju =e Vas vets = 6S.SR- Bho = WHE rots Via = 08s VY) = 08S (3448) = 2430 WIS NGCOSg = 2439 COS 1S = 28.30 Movtsesp # Tables — @ vo. 04 gdb fox wor” ebb / Ns 3h 2u re le Mo orkz 89 fw Jorge | ov Oger ores o-99 | 799 | $0) ohh ous abe] oh | 1, —F Given Data: Blos kw Ne FSo% RM, = 177 TPM. | ne= ve Pe kw j Hse j ~ yo f2siee 17909514 | Ns= $3 q jo bem Ne we select the Values | ke Ob Mot 4 bro table { Mer te, Mer 278, 15 098 ugg feos } 1: Mean dia. ob runner +, (DD | 4 eh net i CD US AOM ~ Ky i Go 7 Key Aah | 4 Rad 70 _ oye feraay 0, 6a ~ Da 218m | 2_Least dia. ob get t-cdd ge 0 Made } ge wornesn ape yafPan e099. AHN ] Nye 184-48 wos \4° lew? og = 2aleerte : Y,nlaoo a Cigha ey = BS08 wy, a= 9 Ay der, n=l assume VS0R ix Ande ete d= 0162 %. Wo. a} Buckels (2D t- gest 2- 24 z xis4 3h Zr ear Z= 26 _buthels wry As btes ob dels bev wav’? ebt: = V2)! ond far ve Wi ts-725 Vile We 1ThAk Ms ene = Fly Corer dn say Qeoe= Nhe 6 Gtotal = 1 S08 wg Mee Fone hS08 rhox Loss of Entvgy In Hdioctedic_Tostalaion i sang way wy Sour \ Fensioch oer gesesvely Ll ena head lows due to Toidveulic Losses ty Glade Bi- 27 eddy formation: ST EPETAY contained by Leasing Loater: + Fosmulaes i x roszie less = 6 eon ‘ g Ve ' “De Hadeaulic loss = KE? W 2 govt 3a [vet vee|y # Mechanical losg = HED SPE = 8g lM vegun &pany=99- Maveks= 19 @& Jollowing data were ablained From 4€s4 on © Pelion wheel x The Dia ob Jel= loom 5 oudoud Powers H09 Kw, Heads tno. Pauses 1998 in indage 2 bi = 209K | Qeatq mip, fy 5 0:98. Assuming the velo. of water at discharge From Whe bucket fs %8 mis. DYaW UP a balance Sheet showing ‘the dishibulion of energy of supply water. To other words do an eweray balonce -_ Given olata :- A= 100% — Kien, Joss (He. Rider toss in waindage ¢ bi) P= Hog Kw a Gne lis leato » g= 034%, : eyes 099 | es ye HFSS MIS i 4 Power supplied Cad the base 0} Nosjled= LOH gglox 639x120 = 45g-108 Kis.) a power ad call ob Nosale (KED= 4 3q vt = |, Alooox 0 39x (Ue st | = Lhe. 83 Kua- | ) K Nozale loss = usQH- KE = SAP = 440085 -o g Mech. loss = WD SP 209 = WD- 4o9 Wd = 429-9 Kuo. ge Wydeadte loss = KeD— KK E- WD. = 4he.39—- 429.3 Hydraulic loys = 19° 996 Ku -© 4A_Enexgy Balance sheet Lvevat Supplied Enea yy Tio aici? 93% Inn energy som shat! pours |tyog P SEER, © U8QH CPD oe = Aolorargens [AAO VOX | = Cand = 89 0957, haste toss tgnigy tov z, |e tenets 7 LON KE \eaas ASV NOR = ter, Mech. toss aa : 20.9 |= Zear = (qiven) a = beset Hadeaulietoss [po.qae fe lo 2aceta| =KE-VED agit = 2y 489) vat 1o0'f nsgng | 100%, 409, Ces. 18-713 95-0 20:9 rer \o98S ta sg: 108 io,q : the less clue bucket bing shock Cam pe expressed by EL Cv,-uy' 4 due te bearing di. by a ut cs - where Ie, F Ka canstaots. Show the aes hat wax ebticient, based on nes, ob Jets accuse when. u__ jr cosft Ni 2 Ct Cosd Syd eo Wa bucket speed * vir act welocity: $— outlet blade angle x oe WOfsec= So Wert vwdu ee vi = 2 WDleee = SOLVE u ec —O NjeVW, ENG =V,- 4) eaude eee Bue) Vins Vow ABPE PERE cos fiz MEE Vidg = Vito cosg Ut Vilee (yu cosd - U » subetitafel Wjsvidy g Nine OUD cosd ut 299G WDisec = SF 4 + Oyu coed Ut = So (vice + Crud coss TU. = £Q orp + cosg]u gs ‘qt /seefunjp Si etiactes = Ba Gwe [iseost fu BY x : Bb es laspy the loss clue bucket bie S$ a Wb ex pressed by EM Cy,-uy> 4g due te beani tats ea 1 BL Cv,-uy' g due te beaning ou where Ike) F Kr constants. Show on energy ob Ahad rat wan ebbicimney based é}s eccuva alen, pus Ni 2 Cpa cond dr Fit Te Ge bucked speed vy- det welocity: d- atctlet blade angle: a Wwed/sec= so [Hit vyTU- eure A fas WD see = 89 ]vwrvanrdu =o o on yey, &VGeVo . assuree Vaio VIE Vine Vir A EPG ERE | Met Vis cos pe Wet ee— Vido = Vio cosd 4 ns Vilre Qk cord / \3 Substihte VjzVN, g Vee (yu cosd us #9 29° ~wWDisec = SOIM + Cv cosd Ut i = Sg [veut Or Wd cosa Tu = $8 jwrw [> + cosg]u HAADIS€ Cun) f iateef water EH (vied [racoeg yu an = Qh Orb) (im toss) j — -Bthen loss acc urs a3 Fvls Jrot-ds 0 ade = aE (wud ca csp) BE Cutt = Few ee 4 Evers] Supelicd to tuvbineg aa SS na SO™ i ' In BRM Enea subplicd Jor he water = ee = ie | G) ety : WD sec}uatp, Bator Vb - Fo Energy Supolied Jroy ch Cooter _ 4 Cy) Urcos ¢) ee a qh Wi) ay - = ON 2h Cr W) Cros) ~ Se Ey x 2 (wy “Or kes wu 7 vr Sd eietesty—Be (oe “Ww ae ye ch Eu20M wu w™ (Vr cosd) ~ Er Vreayu au ae ae < “EVE MP =a(4~ 4h) Cu cond) Fila 4 UDG ig WE v = Bos Ku ~~ N 2 - = a(ka- Kur) Cir cosh) -kif} = od oe] Fki ke = aKa (tele) Cle CoSf) ai, C1-Kuyy eRe Kal ACh) si a © = BC 2kuy Cireosp KC “aS 4.0K Ky >g 4 = é ae AN 3 MUD Cl cosg SK Cla hay Ka Ku = o UF cosd ~2Ru(t + cosp) 4K Kyu @ Ko kus 2% h I+ Cosgt ky — Kula Cle eos) + kite] =o Ku [2 Clacosey resk] = Uecosdtky ky lt cosdt ky ACimcosp)tkytee wus He [+ cosf HR) ies 21a cos gy + Kit en -© Gose-2 i+ TK we Want te prove panne oh deb? ee \-cosd@\+ ky ay bucket * V7 2 Ca cosey + Kits oe —- Von d= 18o-fT° aT eye cc [4 Cos Cieo-¥> + ky } Ausiiiniiie teh ear v 2 (14 cos Cee T+ kites s \ +A l- cos 4 ky ah 2] 1 - cos] Fey ke ao eKS AW S\iveq ten Cups® specibic speed g- TH is the sPeed of turbine which geomebrically siwilay thine Caiawensions, blade angle, gitle openicy ete.) with actual Nibine | Would develop tk Power under 1m head. e —@ > wea = Pe ny woH ws ) “ ae a @ xe _Hi ne Substifets abe value od ey in 24° @ Px Hee ey ete — ita We mye we lt ie Pe k HS oa ter ove eohes | fax single wheel & he Tebs- When total Powe = 2F- Ne BBES nee ameneaoeo Th the Se: speed coitl adve.> @ Whe size oh tbe Smatlea and Hence if asill bine will became be less, coly 2) the yer dia. toil) vafse the Jet tatto£ enchance lisady. © Ainvhine eff higher sp: speed 9 had is Nece ssitates Multi- Teds With which INewing becomes Complicated € Ware capensive, | - => ] d| ot me ay | 4 viornensionless sp- speed Cnhe) Heo yevelD + BEC gHDSTA P - Poser in wath N- speco in wp-g. S- clensity, hd wll deoveane. Reductan in 444 din. a—Broetal bora single tet__pellon eave, the sp: Speedin $4 Unik_is AyMeximately anal do 220 Mp ig che oVevalt ebb de dig jel ¢ de ba ed bucked civele in m,gistee that | ~ the Nelo: coedh ah the _paagie th ane 4 the huckel speed 18 Olt times. times the speed oh the jet: ee _bex 1939 OF *D =e = a —— ee) = = Ste ch - - We eer Nox vdegn = Ye atlon txdeya Br atio® Reds bea H spc 33ucs yada We Hes nq, adm wh _ SRE STEM, ae Aef! obis Obinin_ on expression ab sp. speed_ob Pelton wheel in texms A By, Kw Ny 4 ae MoROROXH _ gx 189% diene? x Mwpadrouls ebb 4s *PFONE__ that 's_ablained then the hak the Yet vels O. Pelton tushine the wax” vila. oh che bucket Ferephexc ~_ e dds ey) 2 rer triangle. =. SeLvsi verpu SO = Whe 2 (ve ave Trem inlel teingle ve,ey, ways bY Uy aegeree 8. a vee Tautla velsstriangle | - au cong = Via te _ We sien tomy pets Cos ML ; - put ve v,-G in abave eqn + CuyeM su Se Vids = (yeu) cord =U seSub Ahele he value ab vinew fv; WUD easg-V_ in QP), he 2 Lyre Grew Seog suf eu —e) vt eto Deosh)u ey S Ls Seer Piacoa =) 4 an L —Tecwrs ) agua] =6 tacos¢ 4 Couy- 25" 2 9 vw du vA