TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS

- BIOCIDES AT A GLANCE-

Water – vital to life on Earth

As we are becoming more aware of the

impacts of chemicals on our health and
the environment around us due to the
new data’s available in the last few
years we all have observed there has
been shift to the water-based products
and this shift does come with it is own
challenges.

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TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS
- BIOCIDES AT A GLANCE-

Why Do Micro-organisms Grow in Your Products ?

Requirements Bacteria Fungi(molds and yeast) Algae

Light X X √

Ideal pH Slightly alkaline Slightly acidic Neutral to alkaline

Ideal temperature 25-40 0C 20-35 0C 15-30 0C

Nutrients C, H and N sources C, H and N sources CO2

Trace elements √ √ √

O2 or inorganic,
Oxygen e.g. SO4, NO3 O2 O2
Can be Aerobic or anaerobic

Water liquid or vapour liquid or vapour liquid or vapour

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS
- BIOCIDES AT A GLANCE-

BIOCIDE

Definition as per BPR

“A biocidal product is any substance or mixture

with the intention of preventing the action of, or
otherwise exerting a controlling effect on, any
harmful organism. This type of information will
typically be gained from the label or the
product marketing”

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS
- BIOCIDES AT A GLANCE-
Need for Biocides
Property Change Due to
Impact
Microbial Infection

Polymer dispersions can become thinner or thicker depending on the effect of increased concentration of acidic
Viscosity change by-products. Phase separation can also occur. Viscosity increase and microbial infection can also restrict the flow
within the factory equipment piping, filters, etc.

The metabolic by-products often are acidic in nature. The reduced pH will cause destabilization of the polymer
pH change dispersion and promote a corrosive environment both in the factory (surface of plant equipment) and once in
service (corrosion of substrates).

Bacteria are often sulfur-reducing. Other microbes have the ability to produce odors based on their biochemical
Odor production
reactions.

Gas production Bacteria can produce hydrogen sulfide gas which leads to odor and gas production problems.

Microbes can change the color of the product before or after application. Sulfur-reducing bacteria generally
Color change
blacken the polymer dispersion or the finished product.

Visible surface growth Microbes lead to color and viscosity change

Corrosion Corrosion of plant equipment and of substrates can occur from metabolic byproducts and acid production.

Change in properties (due mainly Breakdown of the polymer molecular weight and/or change of dispersion property characteristics can affect the
to reduction in molecular weight) end-use properties of the adhesive or sealant.

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS
- BIOCIDES AT A GLANCE-
PRESERVATIVES

Dry film preservatives are typically blends of an algaecide

In-can preservatives or wet state preservatives are used to
protect the products during storage and transportation mainly
against bacterial fungal and yeast and in fewer cases algae.
and one or more fungicides, designed to ensure resistance
to a broad range of algae and fungi. The blends are added to
the architectural paint, which is then applied to a variety of
exterior surfaces.
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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS
- BIOCIDES AT A GLANCE-

KNOW YOUR BIOCIDES

ACTIVATED
PYRIDINE FORMALDEHYDE
ISOTHIAZOLINONES HALOGEN OTHERS FUNGICIDES ALGAECIDE
DERIVATIVES RELEASERS
COMPOUNDS
• BIT • DBNPA • ZnPT • EDDM • DGH (QUAT) • IPBC • TERBUTRYN
• CMIT/MIT • BNPD • NaPT • TMAD • PE (ALCOHOL) • CARBENDAZIM • DIURON
• MIT • HPT • BDA • BBIT
• OIT • MBO • OIT
• BBIT
• DCOIT

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
- BIOCIDE AT A GLANCE-
ISOTHIAZOLINONES

1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) 2-n-butyl-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one (3:1) Mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-

CAS NO. 2634-33-5 (BBIT) 2H-isothiazol-3-one (CMIT)
CAS NO. 4299-07-4 and 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
O O
(MIT)
S
NH
S
N CH3
CAS NO. 55965-84-9
• Broad spectrum • Broad spectrum O O
• Weak against pseudomonas, • Weak against pseudomonas
N CH3
fungi and yeast • Stable at high pH and Cl
S S
N CH3

• Stable at high pH and temperatures • Broad spectrum

temperatures • Incompatible with redox reagents • Effective at short contact time
• Incompatible with redox reagents • unstable at pH ≥ 9 and ≥ 50 C
o

• May cause discoloration with iron • Incompatible with redox reagents

• Susceptible to nucleophilic attack
e.g. by amines and mercaptans
• CMI is stabilized with different salts
i.e Magnesium, Mg + Copper and
sodium salts
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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
- BIOCIDE AT A GLANCE-
ISOTHIAZOLINONES

2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (OIT) 4,5-Dichloro-2-(n-octyl)-4-

(MIT) CAS NO. 26530-20-1 isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT)
CAS NO. 2682-2-4 CAS NO. 4299-07-4
O O O
Cl
N CH3 N C8H17-n N C8H17-n
S S S
Cl
• Broad spectrum • Broad spectrum • Broad spectrum
• Stable at high pH and • Stable at high pH and • Stable at 3-9 pH and
temperatures temperatures temperatures
• Incompatible with redox reagents • Incompatible with redox reagents • Incompatible with redox reagents
• Susceptible to nucleophilic attack • Susceptible to nucleophilic attack • Susceptible to nucleophilic attack
e.g. by amines and mercaptans e.g. by amines and mercaptans e.g. by amines and mercaptans
• Leaching effect PT 7 • Due to low water solubility resists
leaching

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
- BIOCIDE AT A GLANCE-
ACTIVATED HALOGEN COMPOUNDS

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (BRONOPOL) 2,2-dibromo-3 nitropropanamide (DBNPA)

CAS NO. 52-51-7 CAS NO. 10222-01-2
Br N O
C
OH OH NH2
C
NO2 Br Br
• Broad spectrum against bacteria like pseudomonas • Broad spectrum especially effective against slime
and sulphate reducing bacteria forming microorganism
• Weak against fungi • Fast acting
• Decomposition increases with rising pH and • Rapid decomposition/ hydrolysis in aqueous media at
temperature pH ≥7
• Incompatible with amines, amides, nitrile and thiols • Incompatible with reducing reagents, nucleophiles,
• Corrosion in contact with iron and aluminum H2S, thiol
• Sensitive to light

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
- BIOCIDE AT A GLANCE-
PYRITHIONE DERIVATIVES

Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide, sodium salt bis(2-pyridylthio)zinc 1,1'-dioxide

(SODIUM PYRITHIONE) (ZINC PYRITHIONE)
CAS NO. 3811-73-2 CAS NO. 13463-41-7

S N
O-Na+
• Excellent fungicide
• Stable at high temperatures
• Unstable in the presence of light
• Incompatible with redox reagents
• May cause discoloration with iron and copper ions
• Not suitable for non-ionic detergents
• Broad spectrum
• Stable between 3-9 pH
• Incompatible with redox reagents
• Unstable in the presence of light
• Transchelation in the presence of heavy metals
• Due to low water stability resist leaching

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
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FORMALDEHYDE RELEASERS

(ethylenedioxy)dimethanol (EDDM) Tetrahydro-1,3,4,6-tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl) imidazo-

CAS NO. 3586-55-8 [4,5-d]imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)-dione (TMAD)
CAS NO. 5395-50-6
OH O
OH O OH
O OH N N

N N
OH OH
O

• Antimicrobial activity is due to in equilibrium with the • Antimicrobial activity is due to the pH and
starting material and in an aqueous solution temperature release of Formaldehyde increases
disintegrate to Formaldehyde +EG
• Effective against bacteria

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
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FORMALDEHYDE RELEASERS

1,3,5-Tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5- 3,3'-Methylene-bis-(5-methyloxazolidine) (MBO)

triazine (HPT) CAS NO. 66204-44-2
CAS NO. 25254-50-6 CH3
O
CH3
N N O

• Broad activity spectrum against bacteria (including

• The efficacy and the spectrum of effectiveness
corresponds to the formaldehyde released
SRB), yeast and mold
• Long-lasting protection against microbial degradation
• Good solubility in fuels, oils and water
• Good anti-corrosive properties
• Excellent compatibility with fuels, oils, additives and
stem components

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
- BIOCIDE AT A GLANCE-
OTHERS

DODECYLGUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE N,N-BIS-(3-AMINOPROPYL)DODECYLAMIN(BDA)

CAS NO. 13590-97-1 CAS NO. 2372-82-9

• Broad spectrum • An amine-functionalised antimicrobial, with broad

• Main application –water treatment
• Cationic molecule
• Incompatible with anionic additives
• Avoid strong oxidizing agents, strong alkalis
spectrum activity against both gram positive and
gram negative bacteria, fungi and yeast
• It maintains its high efficacy in the presence of heavy
organic soiling while also having good surfactant
properties.
• Compatible with nonionics, cationics, and some
anionic surfactants. Not compatible with aldehydes.

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 TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
- BIOCIDE AT A GLANCE-
FUNGICIDES

methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate 3-Iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate(IPBC)

(CARBENDAZIM) CAS NO. 55406-53-6
CAS NO. 10605-21-7

• Dry film fungicide • Dry film fungicide

• Also used in personal care and cosmetics
• Effective as a wood preservative
• IPBC is thermally stable at room temperature and
under normal storage
• IPBC decomposes when heated above 85°C (185°F).
• Avoid contact with strong acids and strong bases
• light-related discoloration of IPBC- containing
products is only sporadically encountered,

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TECHNICAL BIOCIDES APPLICATIONS & PRODUCT TYPES
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ALGAECIDES

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea 2-t-butylamino-4-ethylamino-4-ethylamino-s-triazine
(DIURON) (TERBUTRYN)
CAS NO. 330-54-1 CAS NO. 886-50-0

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