Enp Refresher Set B

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNER
MOCK EXAM - 2
201. THE TYPE OF INFRASTRUCTURE INTENDED TO
FACILITATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE GOVT OF
ESSENTIAL PUBLIC SERVICES.
A. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
B. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
C. ECONOMIC SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
D. NAUTICAL HIGHWAYS
201. THE TYPE OF INFRASTRUCTURE INTENDED TO
FACILITATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE GOVT OF
ESSENTIAL PUBLIC SERVICES.
A. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
B. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
C. ECONOMIC SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
D. NAUTICAL HIGHWAYS
202. ENGINEERS ARE CONCERNED WITH INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN AND
INSOFAR AS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IS CONCERNED, IT IS WITHIN THE
SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILITIES OF PLANNERS TO:
1. ASSESS APPROPRIATENESS AND ADEQUACY OF EXISTING SYSTEMS IN

RELATION TO THE INTENDED POPULATION TO BE SERVED.
2. PROJECT OR ESTIMATE SUPPLY OF AND DEMAND FOR SERVICES.
3. INDICATE PROPER LOCATION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES IN RELATION TO OTHER
LAND USES OR IN CONFORMITY WITH THE LAND USE PLAN OR THE DESIRED
URBAN FORM.
4. SUGGEST RELOCATION SITES.
A. 1, 2 & 3
B. 2, 3 & 4
C. 3, 4 & 1
D. 1, 4 & 2
202. ENGINEERS ARE CONCERNED WITH INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN AND IN SO
FAR AS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IS CONCERNED, IT IS WITHIN THE
SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILITIES OF PLANNERS TO:
1. ASSESS APPROPRIATENESS AND ADEQUACY OF EXISTING SYSTEMS IN

RELATION TO THE INTENDED POPULATION TO BE SERVED.
2. PROJECT OR ESTIMATE SUPPLY OF AND DEMAND FOR SERVICES.
3. INDICATE PROPER LOCATION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES IN RELATION TO OTHER
LAND USES OR IN CONFORMITY WITH THE LAND USE PLAN OR THE DESIRED
URBAN FORM.
4. SUGGEST RELOCATION SITES.
A. 1, 2 & 3
B. 2, 3 & 4
C. 3, 4 & 1
D. 1, 4 & 2
203. IN ESTIMATING THE DEMAND FOR URBAN
LAND, THIS METHOD/FORMULA IS BETTER
APPLIED TO RURAL AREAS RATHER THAN URBAN
AREAS.
A. GOAL ACHIEVEMENT MATRIX

B. FAO URBAN LAND DISTRIBUTION FORMULA
C. PLANNING BALANCE SHEET
D. NONE OF THE ABOVE
203. IN ESTIMATING THE DEMAND FOR URBAN
LAND, THIS METHOD/FORMULA IS BETTER
APPLIED TO RURAL AREAS RATHER THAN URBAN
AREAS.
A. GOAL ACHIEVEMENT MATRIX

B. FAO URBAN LAND DISTRIBUTION FORMULA
204.THIS METHOD OF DETERMINING DEMAND FOR
URBAN LAND IS CONSIDERED THE MOST
ACCURATE BUT MORE TEDIOUS.
A. FAO URBAN LAND DISTRIBUTION FORMULA

B. URBAN DENSITY METHOD
C. SPECIAL STUDIES
204.THIS METHOD OF DETERMINING DEMAND FOR
URBAN LAND IS CONSIDERED THE MOST
ACCURATE BUT MORE TEDIOUS.
A. FAO URBAN LAND DISTRIBUTION FORMULA

B. URBAN DENSITY METHOD
C. SPECIAL STUDIES
205. IT IS THE GRAPHIC EQUIVALENT OF SIMPLE
LAND ACCOUNTING.
A. MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS OR SIEVE MAPPING

B. CARTOGRAPHIC SKETCHES
D. ZONING MAP
205. IT IS THE GRAPHIC EQUIVALENT OF SIMPLE
LAND ACCOUNTING.

D. ZONING MAP
206. IT REFERS TO THE POLICY OF INCREASING THE
DENSITY OF BUILDING OR FLOOR SPACE PER LAND
SURFACE OR AREA AS INDICATED BY THE FLOORNAREA
RATIO (FAR), AND/OR INCREASING THE OCCUPANCY RATE
OF EXISTING MULTINSTOREY STRUCTURES.

D. ZONING MAP
206. IT REFERS TO THE POLICY OF INCREASING THE
DENSITY OF BUILDING OR FLOOR SPACE PER LAND
SURFACE OR AREA AS INDICATED BY THE FLOORNAREA
RATIO (FAR), AND/OR INCREASING THE OCCUPANCY RATE
OF EXISTING MULTINSTOREY STRUCTURES.

D. ZONING MAP
207. AN URBAN FOR PROTOTYPE THAT IS
CHARACTERIZED BY DOUGHNUT-LIKE FORM;
CENTER KEPT OPEN OR AT VERY LOW DENSITY
SURROUNDED BY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENTS &
SPECIAL ACTIVITIES.
A. DISPERSED SHEETS
B. CORE CITY
C. THE RING
D. URBAN STAR
207. AN URBAN FOR PROTOTYPE THAT IS
CHARACTERIZED BY DOUGHNUT-LIKE FORM;
CENTER KEPT OPEN OR AT VERY LOW DENSITY
SURROUNDED BY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENTS &
SPECIAL ACTIVITIES.
A. DISPERSED SHEETS
B. CORE CITY
C. THE RING
D. URBAN STAR
208. A METHOD FOR EVALUATING SPATIAL
STRATEGIES WHICH REQUIRES QUANTIFICATION,
THAT IS, EVERYTHING MUST BE EXPRESSED IN
MONEY TERMS.
A. ECONOMIC BASE
B. COST BENEFITNANAYSIS
C. INPUTNOUTPUT ANALYSIS
D. GOALNACHIEVEMENT MATRIX
208. A METHOD FOR EVALUATING SPATIAL
STRATEGIES WHICH REQUIRES QUANTIFICATION,
THAT IS, EVERYTHING MUST BE EXPRESSED IN
MONEY TERMS.
A. ECONOMIC BASE
B. COST BENEFITNANAYSIS
C. INPUTNOUTPUT ANALYSIS
D. GOALNACHIEVEMENT MATRIX
209. IT IS THE CHANGE IN POPULATION SIZE OVER
TWO POINTS IN TIME AS AN EFFECT OF EVENTS
THAT TEND TO ADD, OR TAKE AWAY MEMBERS
FROM THE POPULATION SUCH AS BIRTHS, DEATHS,
AND MIGRATION.
A. POPULATION GROWTH RATE

B. POPULATION GROWTH
C. URBANIZATION
D. MIGRATION PATTERN
209. IT IS THE CHANGE IN POPULATION SIZE OVER
TWO POINTS IN TIME AS AN EFFECT OF EVENTS
THAT TEND TO ADD, OR TAKE AWAY MEMBERS
FROM THE POPULATION SUCH AS BIRTHS, DEATHS,
AND MIGRATION.
A. POPULATION GROWTH RATE

B. POPULATION GROWTH
C. URBANIZATION
D. MIGRATION PATTERN
210. IT IS THE TERM THAT DESCRIBES THE NUMBER OF
INDIVIDUALS OCCUPYING AN AREA IN RELATION TO THE
SIZE OF THAT AREA. IT INDICATES THE PATTERN OF
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OVER SPACE. IT CAN SERVE
AS AN INDICATOR OF URBANIZATION.
A. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
B. POPULATION DENSITY
C. OCCUPANCY RATE
210. IT IS THE TERM THAT DESCRIBES THE NUMBER OF
INDIVIDUALS OCCUPYING AN AREA IN RELATION TO THE
SIZE OF THAT AREA. IT INDICATES THE PATTERN OF
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OVER SPACE. IT CAN SERVE
AS AN INDICATOR OF URBANIZATION.
A. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
B. POPULATION DENSITY
C. OCCUPANCY RATE
211. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1308 SEC 2a DEFINES IT AS
REFERRING TO ALL ACTIVITIES CONCERNED WITH THE
MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF LAND, AS WELL
AS THE PRESERVATION, CONSERVATION AND
MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN ENVIRONMENT.
A. URBAN PLANNING
B. HUMAN ECOLOGY
C. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
D. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
211. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1308 SEC 2a DEFINES IT AS
REFERRING TO ALL ACTIVITIES CONCERNED WITH THE
MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF LAND, AS WELL
AS THE PRESERVATION, CONSERVATION AND
MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN ENVIRONMENT.
A. URBAN PLANNING
B. HUMAN ECOLOGY
212. ACCORDING TO RA 9275 SEC 4, IT REFERS TO THE ENTIRE SYSTEM
WHICH COVERS CONSERVATION, REGULATION AND MINIMIZATION OF
POLLUTION, CLEAN PRODUCTION, WASTE MANAGEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
AND INFORMATION, STUDY AND MITIGATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.
A. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

B. REGIONAL PLANNING
212. ACCORDING TO RA 9275 SEC 4, IT REFERS TO THE ENTIRE SYSTEM
WHICH COVERS CONSERVATION, REGULATION AND MINIMIZATION OF
POLLUTION, CLEAN PRODUCTION, WASTE MANAGEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
AND INFORMATION, STUDY AND MITIGATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.
A. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

B. REGIONAL PLANNING
213. THESE ARE AREAS OF LESS THAN 500 PEOPLE PER KM SQ.
WHOSE INHABITANTS ARE PRIMARILY ENGAGED
IN AGRICULTURE OR IN EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS, WITH
DWELLINGS WHICH ARE SPACED WIDELY APART
AND OFTEN WITH LITTLE OR NO SERVICES OR UTILITIES SUCH
AS POWER, PIPED WATER, SEWERAGE, ROADS, ETC.
A. TRIBE
B. PUROK
C. PROVINCIAL
D. RURAL
213. THESE ARE AREAS OF LESS THAN 500 PEOPLE PER KM SQ.
WHOSE INHABITANTS ARE PRIMARILY ENGAGED
IN AGRICULTURE OR IN EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS, WITH
DWELLINGS WHICH ARE SPACED WIDELY APART
AND OFTEN WITH LITTLE OR NO SERVICES OR UTILITIES SUCH
AS POWER, PIPED WATER, SEWERAGE, ROADS, ETC.
A. TRIBE
B. PUROK
C. PROVINCIAL
D. RURAL
214. AS DEFINED BY PD 1517 AND BY NATIONAL STATISTICS
OFFICE, “URBAN” AREA HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS
EXCEPT ONE:
A. IT EXPORTS SUBSTANTIAL QUANTITIES OF PROCESSED

PRODUCTS
B. CORE DISTRICT’S DENSITY IS AT LEAST 500 PER SQ. KM
C. OVERALL DENSITY OF AT LEAST 1000 PER SQ. KM IN ITS
ENTIRETY
D. EXHIBITS A STREET PATTERN
214. AS DEFINED BY PD 1517 AND BY NATIONAL STATISTICS
OFFICE, “URBAN” AREA HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS
EXCEPT ONE:
A. IT EXPORTS SUBSTANTIAL QUANTITIES OF PROCESSED

PRODUCTS
B. CORE DISTRICT’S DENSITY IS AT LEAST 500 PER SQ. KM
C. OVERALL DENSITY OF AT LEAST 1000 PER SQ. KM IN ITS
ENTIRETY
D. EXHIBITS A STREET PATTERN
215. THE MOST RECENT RENDEFINITION OF “URBAN” BY NSCB)(2003)
DOES NOT INCLUDE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
A. IF A BARANGGAY HAS MORE FISHERY OUTPUT AND SHELLCRAFT

ACTIVITIES COMPARED TO FARMS, THEN IT IS CONSIDERED URBAN.
B. IF A BARANGGAY HAS POPULATION SIZE OF 5,000 OR MORE, THEN
IT IS CONSIDERED AS URBAN
C. IF A BARANGGAY HAS AT LEAST ESTABLISHMENT WITH 100
EMPLOYEES OR MORE, THEN IT IS CONSIDERED URBAN
D. IF A BARANGGAY HAS 5 OR MORE ESTABLISHMENT WITH A
MINIMUM OF 10 EMPLOYEES, AND 5 OR MORE FACILITIES WITHIN THE
TWONKILOMETER RADIUS FROM THE BARANGGAY HALL, THEN IT IS
CONSIDERED URBAN.
215. THE MOST RECENT RENDEFINITION OF “URBAN” BY NSCB)(2003)
DOES NOT INCLUDE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
A. IF A BARANGGAY HAS MORE FISHERY OUTPUT AND SHELLCRAFT

ACTIVITIES COMPARED TO FARMS, THEN IT IS CONSIDERED URBAN.
B. IF A BARANGGAY HAS POPULATION SIZE OF 5,000 OR MORE, THEN
IT IS CONSIDERED AS URBAN
C. IF A BARANGGAY HAS AT LEAST ESTABLISHMENT WITH 100
EMPLOYEES OR MORE, THEN IT IS CONSIDERED URBAN
D. IF A BARANGGAY HAS 5 OR MORE ESTABLISHMENT WITH A
MINIMUM OF 10 EMPLOYEES, AND 5 OR MORE FACILITIES WITHIN THE
TWONKILOMETER RADIUS FROM THE BARANGGAY HALL, THEN IT IS
CONSIDERED URBAN.
216.A “CITY” IS A SIGNIFICANTLY LARGE URBAN
AREA WHICH HAS:
A. A CLUSTER OF SKYSCRAPERS
B. A CHARTER OR LEGAL PROCLAMATION
C. A RECTILINEAR OR ORTHOGONAL STREET DESIGN
D. A SEAPORT OR AN AIRPORT
216.A “CITY” IS A SIGNIFICANTLY LARGE URBAN
AREA WHICH HAS:
A. A CLUSTER OF SKYSCRAPERS
B. A CHARTER OR LEGAL PROCLAMATION
C. A RECTILINEAR OR ORTHOGONAL STREET DESIGN
D. A SEAPORT OR AN AIRPORT
217. IN A NOVEMBER 2008 RULING OF THE SUPREME
COURT UPHOLDING RA 9009’s AMMENDMENT OF SEC.
450 OF RA 7160 LGC, THE STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
FOR AN LGU’S ELEVATION TO CITYHOOD ARE:
A. CONTIGOUS TERITORY OF AT LEAST 100 SQ. KM

EXCEPT FOR ISLAND/GROUP OF ISLANDS
B. MINIMUM ANNUAL INCOME OF 100 MILLION BASED
ON 1991 CONSTANT PRICES
C. POPULATION OF AT LEAST 150,000
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
217. IN A NOVEMBER 2008 RULING OF THE SUPREME
COURT UPHOLDING RA 9009’s AMMENDMENT OF SEC.
450 OF RA 7160 LGC, THE STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
FOR AN LGU’S ELEVATION TO CITYHOOD ARE:
A. CONTIGOUS TERITORY OF AT LEAST 100 SQ. KM

EXCEPT FOR ISLAND/GROUP OF ISLANDS
B. MINIMUM ANNUAL INCOME OF 100 MILLION BASED
ON 1991 CONSTANT PRICES
C. POPULATION OF AT LEAST 150,000
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
218. THIS PERTAINS TO THE PROCESS WHEREIN LARGE
NUMBERS OF PEOPLE, DRIVEN BY DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS,
LIVE TOGETHER IN IMPORTANT LOCATIONS - A PROCESS THAT
IS ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY ECONOMIC AGGLOMERATION,
SPATIAL ALTERATION, AND SOCIONCULTURAL CHANGE.
A. INDUSTRIALIZATION
B. URBANIZATION
C. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
D. MODERNIZATION
218. THIS PERTAINS TO THE PROCESS WHEREIN LARGE
NUMBERS OF PEOPLE, DRIVEN BY DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS,
LIVE TOGETHER IN IMPORTANT LOCATIONS - A PROCESS THAT
IS ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY ECONOMIC AGGLOMERATION,
SPATIAL ALTERATION, AND SOCIONCULTURAL CHANGE.
A. INDUSTRIALIZATION
B. URBANIZATION
C. SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
D. MODERNIZATION
219. THIS REFERS TO THE UNPRECEDENTED PHENOMENON
OCCURRING IN MEGANCITIES WHEREIN THE RATE OF INCREASE
OF LOCAL POPULATION OVERWHELMS THE NATURAL
“CARRYING CAPACITY” OF CITIES AS ECOSYSTEMS AND
OUTPACES THE “CARRYING CAPACITY” OF CITY INSTITUTIONS IN
TERMS OF RESOURCES AND PERSONNEL TO ADDRESS COMPLEX
PROBLEMS.
A. METROPOLITANIZATION
B. CONURBATION
C. HYPERNURBANIZATION
D. FALSE OR PSEUDONURBANIZATION
219. THIS REFERS TO THE UNPRECEDENTED PHENOMENON
OCCURRING IN MEGANCITIES WHEREIN THE RATE OF INCREASE
OF LOCAL POPULATION OVERWHELMS THE NATURAL
“CARRYING CAPACITY” OF CITIES AS ECOSYSTEMS AND
OUTPACES THE “CARRYING CAPACITY” OF CITY INSTITUTIONS IN
TERMS OF RESOURCES AND PERSONNEL TO ADDRESS COMPLEX
PROBLEMS.
A. METROPOLITANIZATION
B. CONURBATION
220. A DIRECT RESULT OF “LEAPFROG” OR
”CHECKERBOARD” DEVELOPMENT, THIS PHENOMENON
IRREVERSIBLY CONVERTS RURAL SPACE INTO URBAN
SPACE EVEN BEFORE THE POPULATIONS MEANT TO USE
IT COULD BE PRESENT.
A. ANTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
B. CONURBATION
220. A DIRECT RESULT OF “LEAPFROG” OR
”CHECKERBOARD” DEVELOPMENT, THIS PHENOMENON
IRREVERSIBLY CONVERTS RURAL SPACE INTO URBAN
SPACE EVEN BEFORE THE POPULATIONS MEANT TO USE
IT COULD BE PRESENT.
A. ANTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
B. CONURBATION
221. IN A CASUAL ORDER, WHICH SHOULD COME
FIRST IN THIS SERIES OR CHAIN OF INTERTWINED,
MULTIN DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS?
A. CLIMATE CHANGE
B. UNMANAGED POPULATION
C. POVERTY
D. LAND USE CHANGES
221. IN A CASUAL ORDER, WHICH SHOULD COME
FIRST IN THIS SERIES OR CHAIN OF INTERTWINED,
MULTIN DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS?
A. CLIMATE CHANGE
B. UNMANAGED POPULATION
C. POVERTY
D. LAND USE CHANGES
222. ACCORDING TO DAVID SATTERHWAITE, 95% OF DEATHS AND
SERIOUS INJURIES FROM MAJOR DISASTERS IN THE PERIOD 1950 2007
OCCURRED IN LOWNINCOME TO MIDDLENINCOME COUNTRIES, AND
90% OF THESE DEATHS HAPPENED TO THE POOREST PEOPLE. WHICH
CONCLUSION IS SUPPORTED BY THIS INFORMATION?
A. POVERTY, WHICH MEANS LOW INCOME AND LOW EDUCATION, IS

THE MAJOR CAUSE OF DISASTER.
B. COUNTRIES IN TYPHOONBELTS AND RINGNOFNFIRE REGION OF THE
WORLD TEND TO BE POOR BECAUSE OF FREQUENT DISASTERS
C. POVERTY AND ITS PHYSICAL DIMENSION, i.e., LOCATION OF HOMES
AND LIVELIHOODS, INCREASE PEOPLE’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTER.
D. THE POORER A COUNTRY, THE HIGHER THE ILLETERACY RATE,
HENCE THE LESS INFORMED AND LESS PREPARED PEOPLE TEND TO BE
222. ACCORDING TO DAVID SATTERHWAITE, 95% OF DEATHS AND
SERIOUS INJURIES FROM MAJOR DISASTERS IN THE PERIOD 1950 2007
OCCURRED IN LOWNINCOME TO MIDDLENINCOME COUNTRIES, AND
90% OF THESE DEATHS HAPPENED TO THE POOREST PEOPLE. WHICH
CONCLUSION IS SUPPORTED BY THIS INFORMATION?
A. POVERTY, WHICH MEANS LOW INCOME AND LOW EDUCATION, IS

THE MAJOR CAUSE OF DISASTER.
B. COUNTRIES IN TYPHOONBELTS AND RINGNOFNFIRE REGION OF THE
WORLD TEND TO BE POOR BECAUSE OF FREQUENT DISASTERS
C. POVERTY AND ITS PHYSICAL DIMENSION, i.e., LOCATION OF HOMES
AND LIVELIHOODS, INCREASE PEOPLE’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTER.
D. THE POORER A COUNTRY, THE HIGHER THE ILLETERACY RATE,
HENCE THE LESS INFORMED AND LESS PREPARED PEOPLE TEND TO BE
223. SETTLEMENTS IN HIGH RISK ZONES; BUILDINGS ON
NATURAL WETLANDS; RIVERS AND WATERWAYS USED AS
SEWERS, RECURRENT SHORTAGES OF FOOD, WATER AND
POWER; SEGMENTS OF IDLE PRIME LAND POCKMARK THE CITY
CENTER; LACK OF DISTINCTIVE CITY IMAGE AND COHERENT
URBAN FORM, ALL)TAKEN)FOR) GRANTED, ARE MANIFESTATION
OF:
A. POPULATION EXPLOSION
B. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
C. SPLATTERED DEVELOPMENT
D. UNMANAGED URBANIZATION
223. SETTLEMENTS IN HIGH RISK ZONES; BUILDINGS ON
NATURAL WETLANDS; RIVERS AND WATERWAYS USED AS
SEWERS, RECURRENT SHORTAGES OF FOOD, WATER AND
POWER; SEGMENTS OF IDLE PRIME LAND POCKMARK THE CITY
CENTER; LACK OF DISTINCTIVE CITY IMAGE AND COHERENT
URBAN FORM, ALL)TAKEN)FOR) GRANTED, ARE MANIFESTATION
OF:
A. POPULATION EXPLOSION
B. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
C. SPLATTERED DEVELOPMENT
D. UNMANAGED URBANIZATION
224. THIS REFERS TO LOWNDENSITY URBAN USE OF LAND EXPANDED
FASTER THAN POPULATION GROWTH REQUIRES AND OCCURING IN AN
AMORPHIC MANNER AT THE MARGINS OF EXISTING URBAN CENTERS.
OVER TIME, MORE AND MORE HOUSES ARE BUILT FAR FROM URBAN
CENTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE MORE ENERGY USE PER PERSON AND
MORE GOVERNMENT RESOURCES TO PROVIDE PIECEMEALEXTENSIONS
OF ROADS AND UTILITIES.
A. DECENTRALIZATION
B. DISPERSION
C. EXURBANIZATION
D. SPRAWL
224. THIS REFERS TO LOWNDENSITY URBAN USE OF LAND EXPANDED
FASTER THAN POPULATION GROWTH REQUIRES AND OCCURING IN AN
AMORPHIC MANNER AT THE MARGINS OF EXISTING URBAN CENTERS.
OVER TIME, MORE AND MORE HOUSES ARE BUILT FAR FROM URBAN
CENTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE MORE ENERGY USE PER PERSON AND
MORE GOVERNMENT RESOURCES TO PROVIDE PIECEMEALEXTENSIONS
OF ROADS AND UTILITIES.
A. DECENTRALIZATION
B. DISPERSION
C. EXURBANIZATION
D. SPRAWL
225. IN MICHAEL P. TODARO’S LABOR MIGRATION MODEL OF
URBANIZATION (1976), THE CENTRAL PULL FACTOR OR MAIN
ATTRACTION OF THIRD WORLD CITIES TO RURAL MIGRAANTS EVEN
WHEN THESE CITIES ARE UNPREPARED TO ACCEPT MIGRATION, IS:
A.“BRIGHT LIGHTS EFFECT” OR LURE TO CITY LIFE AND NEONNLIT

ENTERTAINMENT
B. POSSIBLE BENEFITS DERIVED FROM PROXIMITY TO SEAT OF POWER
AND PRESTIGE OF CENTRAL CITY ADDRESS
C. ABUNDANCE AND PLENTITUDE IN CITIES VERSUS HUNGER AND
FAMINE DUE TO INSURGENCY WARS IN THE COUNTRYSIDE
D. SUBSTANTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS BETWEEN URBAN LABOR AND
RURAL LABOR FOR THE SAME LEVEL OF SKILL. TASK OR OCCUPATION
225. IN MICHAEL P. TODARO’S LABOR MIGRATION MODEL OF
URBANIZATION (1976), THE CENTRAL PULL FACTOR OR MAIN
ATTRACTION OF THIRD WORLD CITIES TO RURAL MIGRAANTS EVEN
WHEN THESE CITIES ARE UNPREPARED TO ACCEPT MIGRATION, IS:
A.“BRIGHT LIGHTS EFFECT” OR LURE TO CITY LIFE AND NEONNLIT

ENTERTAINMENT
B. POSSIBLE BENEFITS DERIVED FROM PROXIMITY TO SEAT OF POWER
AND PRESTIGE OF CENTRAL CITY ADDRESS
C. ABUNDANCE AND PLENTITUDE IN CITIES VERSUS HUNGER AND
FAMINE DUE TO INSURGENCY WARS IN THE COUNTRYSIDE
D. SUBSTANTIAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS BETWEEN URBAN LABOR AND
RURAL LABOR FOR THE SAME LEVEL OF SKILL. TASK OR OCCUPATION
226. ACCORDING TO DR. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN JR.
IN THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE TEXTBOOK ON URBAN
PLANNING EVER WRITTEN (1965), THE EXPLICIT GOALS
OF URBAN PLANNING ARE THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT
ONE:
A. HEALTHY & SAFETY

B. CONVENIENCE & AMENITY
C. TOLERANCE & PLURALITY
D. EFFICIENCY & ECONOMY
226. ACCORDING TO DR. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN JR.
IN THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE TEXTBOOK ON URBAN
PLANNING EVER WRITTEN (1965), THE EXPLICIT GOALS
OF URBAN PLANNING ARE THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT
ONE:
A. HEALTHY & SAFETY

B. CONVENIENCE & AMENITY
C. TOLERANCE & PLURALITY
D. EFFICIENCY & ECONOMY
227. THE FOLLOWING ARE STATED GOALS OF “URBAN DEVELOPMENT
POLICY” (NUDHF) IN THE PHILS, EXCEPT ONE:
A. TO ACHIEVE A MORE BALANCED URBA IN RURA INTERDEPENDENCE

B. TO SLOW DOWN RURALNTONURBAN MOVEMENT BY MEANS OF
MITIGATION CONTROL AND POPULATION MANAGEMENT
C. TO OPTIMALLY UTILIZE LAND AND RESOURCES TO MEET THE
REQUIREMENTS OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
D. TO UNDERTAKE A COMPREHENSIVE AND CONTINUING PROGRAM
OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT WHICH WILL MAKE AVAILABLE HOUSING
AND SERVICES AT AFFORDABLE COST
227. THE FOLLOWING ARE STATED GOALS OF “URBAN DEVELOPMENT
POLICY” (NUDHF) IN THE PHILS, EXCEPT ONE:
A. TO ACHIEVE A MORE BALANCED URBA IN RURA INTERDEPENDENCE

B. TO SLOW DOWN RURALNTONURBAN MOVEMENT BY MEANS OF
MITIGATION CONTROL AND POPULATION MANAGEMENT
C. TO OPTIMALLY UTILIZE LAND AND RESOURCES TO MEET THE
REQUIREMENTS OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
D. TO UNDERTAKE A COMPREHENSIVE AND CONTINUING PROGRAM
OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT WHICH WILL MAKE AVAILABLE HOUSING
AND SERVICES AT AFFORDABLE COST
228. DR. EDWARD L. GLAESER OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY (1995,2003)
CORRELATES “URBAN DEVELOPMENT” WITH “DEMOCRATIZATION” IN THE
FOLLOWING OBSERVATIONS. WHICH STATEMENT PERTAIN THE)MOST)TO SO
CALLED “ANNIHILATION OF SPACE” IN URBAN AREAS?
A. INFORMATION TRAVELS AT HIGHNSPEED IN CITIES; TRANSACTIONS

BETWEEN PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS ARE FASTER; CITIES PRACTICALLY
ELIMINATE THE TRANSPORT COST OF MOVING IDEAS, GOODS, PEOPLE
B. CITIES FACILITATE HUMAN CONTACT AND SOCIAL CONNECTION; THE
DEMAND FOR THE CITIES IS FUELED BY THE DEMAND FOR INTERACTION,
C. BECAUSE PEOPLE IN CITIES HAVE HIGH LEVEL OF AWARENESS, IT IS MUCH
HARDER FOR RULES TO BE DESPOTIC OR TYRANNICAL
D. INEFFECTIVE GOVERNMENTS FIND IT MUCH HARDER TO IGNORE MASS
POVERTY & OTHER SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN CITIES THAN IN COUNTRYSIDE
228. DR. EDWARD L. GLAESER OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY (1995,2003)
CORRELATES “URBAN DEVELOPMENT” WITH “DEMOCRATIZATION” IN THE
FOLLOWING OBSERVATIONS. WHICH STATEMENT PERTAIN THE)MOST)TO SO
CALLED “ANNIHILATION OF SPACE” IN URBAN AREAS?
A. INFORMATION TRAVELS AT HIGHNSPEED IN CITIES; TRANSACTIONS

BETWEEN PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS ARE FASTER; CITIES PRACTICALLY
ELIMINATE THE TRANSPORT COST OF MOVING IDEAS, GOODS, PEOPLE
B. CITIES FACILITATE HUMAN CONTACT AND SOCIAL CONNECTION; THE
DEMAND FOR THE CITIES IS FUELED BY THE DEMAND FOR INTERACTION,
C. BECAUSE PEOPLE IN CITIES HAVE HIGH LEVEL OF AWARENESS, IT IS MUCH
HARDER FOR RULES TO BE DESPOTIC OR TYRANNICAL
D. INEFFECTIVE GOVERNMENTS FIND IT MUCH HARDER TO IGNORE MASS
POVERTY & OTHER SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN CITIES THAN IN COUNTRYSIDE
229.HE FORMULATED THE “BASIC LAW OF ECOLOGY” IN
LAYMAN’S VERNACULAR (NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, 1970) AS
FOLLOWS: “NATURE KNOWS BEST”, “THERE IS NO SUCH
THING AS A FREE LUNCH”, “EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED TO
EVERYTHING ELSE”, “WE CAN NEVER DO MERELY ONE
THING”, “EVERYTHING GOES TO SOMEWHERE”, “THERE’S NO
AWAY TO THROW TO”.
A. JOHN HOLDREN
B. DR. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN JR.
C. DR. BARRY COMMONNER
D. DR. EUGENE PLEASANTS ODUM
229.HE FORMULATED THE “BASIC LAW OF ECOLOGY” IN
LAYMAN’S VERNACULAR (NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, 1970) AS
FOLLOWS: “NATURE KNOWS BEST”, “THERE IS NO SUCH
THING AS A FREE LUNCH”, “EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED TO
EVERYTHING ELSE”, “WE CAN NEVER DO MERELY ONE
THING”, “EVERYTHING GOES TO SOMEWHERE”, “THERE’S NO
AWAY TO THROW TO”.
A. JOHN HOLDREN
B. DR. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN JR.
C. DR. BARRY COMMONNER
D. DR. EUGENE PLEASANTS ODUM
230. ACCORDING TO DR. GARRETT HARDIN, IN AN OPEN ACCESS
REGIME WITHOUT DEFINED PROPERTY RIGHTS, INDIVIDUALS ENJOY
FREE UNLIMITED ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES AND RIGHT TO USE
WITHOUT EXCLUSION; EACH INDIVIDUAL MOTIVATED TO MAXIMIZE
HIS OR HER OWN BENEFIT FROM EXPLOITING THE RESOURCE. WHEN
NO INDIVIDUAL HAS ADEQUATE INCENTIVE TO CONSERVE THE PUBLIC
RESOURCES, THE RESOURCES WILL LIKELY BECOME OVERUSED AND
OVEREXPLOITED.
A. THE STEWARDSHIP OF NATURE

B. COMMUNITARIAN PARADOX
C. FENCESITTER’S DILEMA
D. TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
230. ACCORDING TO DR. GARRETT HARDIN, IN AN OPEN ACCESS
REGIME WITHOUT DEFINED PROPERTY RIGHTS, INDIVIDUALS ENJOY
FREE UNLIMITED ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES AND RIGHT TO USE
WITHOUT EXCLUSION; EACH INDIVIDUAL MOTIVATED TO MAXIMIZE
HIS OR HER OWN BENEFIT FROM EXPLOITING THE RESOURCE. WHEN
NO INDIVIDUAL HAS ADEQUATE INCENTIVE TO CONSERVE THE PUBLIC
RESOURCES, THE RESOURCES WILL LIKELY BECOME OVERUSED AND
OVEREXPLOITED.
A. THE STEWARDSHIP OF NATURE

B. COMMUNITARIAN PARADOX
C. FENCESITTER’S DILEMA
D. TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
231. RELATED TO THOMAS MALTHUS’ CONCEPT OF ‘K’)AS THE
POPULATION SIZE CONSTRAINED BY WHATEVER RESOURCE IS
IN SHORTEST SUPPLY, THIS PRINCIPLES REFERS TO“THE
MAXIMUM POPULATION OF A GIVEN SPECIES THAT CAN BE
SUPPORTED INDEFINITELY IN A DEFINED HABITAT WITHOUT
CAUSING NEGATIVE IMPACTS THAT PERMANENTLY IMPAIR
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THAT SAME HABITAT.”
A. LIMITS TO GROWTH
B. TIPPING POINT
C. RANGE AND THRESHOLD
D. CARRYING CAPACITY
231. RELATED TO THOMAS MALTHUS’ CONCEPT OF ‘K’)AS THE
POPULATION SIZE CONSTRAINED BY WHATEVER RESOURCE IS
IN SHORTEST SUPPLY, THIS PRINCIPLES REFERS TO“THE
MAXIMUM POPULATION OF A GIVEN SPECIES THAT CAN BE
SUPPORTED INDEFINITELY IN A DEFINED HABITAT WITHOUT
CAUSING NEGATIVE IMPACTS THAT PERMANENTLY IMPAIR
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THAT SAME HABITAT.”
A. LIMITS TO GROWTH
B. TIPPING POINT
C. RANGE AND THRESHOLD
D. CARRYING CAPACITY
232. IN CONTRAST TO THE ENVIRONMENTALISM WHICH HIGHLIGHTS
“COMMUNITY” AND “ COMMUNITARIAN” SOLUTIONS, THIS TYPE OF
ENVIRONMENTALISM CENTERS ON RESPECT FOR ALL LIFE FORMS IN)AN
ATOMISTIC OR SPECIESFCENTERED MANNER, SUCH THAT HUMANS
WORLD BE ON EQUAL MORAL FOOTING WITH SENTIENT ANIMALS LIKE
PETS AND NONNSENTIENT ORGANISM LIKE PLANTS, INSECT, ETC.
A. ECONCENTRISM
B. BIONCENTRISM
C. ANTHROPONCENTRISM
D. GEONCENTRISM
232. IN CONTRAST TO THE ENVIRONMENTALISM WHICH HIGHLIGHTS
“COMMUNITY” AND “ COMMUNITARIAN” SOLUTIONS, THIS TYPE OF
ENVIRONMENTALISM CENTERS ON RESPECT FOR ALL LIFE FORMS IN)AN
ATOMISTIC OR SPECIESFCENTERED MANNER, SUCH THAT HUMANS
WORLD BE ON EQUAL MORAL FOOTING WITH SENTIENT ANIMALS LIKE
PETS AND NONNSENTIENT ORGANISM LIKE PLANTS, INSECT, ETC.
A. ECONCENTRISM
B. BIONCENTRISM
C. ANTHROPONCENTRISM
D. GEONCENTRISM
233. THEY ARE INVETERATE OPTIMISTS WHO BELIEVE
THAT “NECESSITY IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION” AND
HENCE THEY ASSERT THAT ALL ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS CAN BE SOLVED BY EVERNADVANCING
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND LIMITLESS HUMAN
KNOWLEDGE.
A. CORNUCOPIANS
B. SOROPTIMIST
C. UTOPIANS
D. DSYTOPIANS
233. THEY ARE INVETERATE OPTIMISTS WHO BELIEVE
THAT “NECESSITY IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION” AND
HENCE THEY ASSERT THAT ALL ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS CAN BE SOLVED BY EVERNADVANCING
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND LIMITLESS HUMAN
KNOWLEDGE.
A. CORNUCOPIANS
B. SOROPTIMIST
C. UTOPIANS
D. DSYTOPIANS
234. IN GENERAL, THIS REFERS TO THE CHARACTERISTIC
OF A PROCESS OR STATE THAT CAN BE MAINTAINED AT
A CERTAIN LEVEL INDEFINITELY; IN PARTICULAR, IT
REFERS TO THE POTENTIAL LONGETIVITY OF
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT HUMANKIND AND
OTHER SPECIES.
A. RESILIENCE
B. ENDURANCE
C. SUSTAINABILITY
D. PERPETUITY
234. IN GENERAL, THIS REFERS TO THE CHARACTERISTIC
OF A PROCESS OR STATE THAT CAN BE MAINTAINED AT
A CERTAIN LEVEL INDEFINITELY; IN PARTICULAR, IT
REFERS TO THE POTENTIAL LONGETIVITY OF
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT HUMANKIND AND
OTHER SPECIES.
A. RESILIENCE
B. ENDURANCE
C. SUSTAINABILITY
D. PERPETUITY
235.WHICH BASIC LAW OF “SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELOPMENT” MEANS RESPONSIBILITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY TO FUTURE POPULATIONS?
A. COMMON HERITAGE OF HUMANKIND

B. INTERNGENERATIONAL EQUITY
C. CARING CAPACITY
D. PARITY OF COMPEERS
235.WHICH BASIC LAW OF “SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELOPMENT” MEANS RESPONSIBILITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY TO FUTURE POPULATIONS?
A. COMMON HERITAGE OF HUMANKIND

B. INTERNGENERATIONAL EQUITY
C. CARING CAPACITY
D. PARITY OF COMPEERS
236.WHICH PRINCIPLE OF “SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELOPMENT” MOST DIRECTLY SUPPORTS THE
SAYING “THINK GLOBAL, ACT LOCAL”.
A. PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARY
B. POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE
C. COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITY
D. DUTY TO CARE AND NOT CAUSE
ENVIRONMENTAL HARM
236.WHICH PRINCIPLE OF “SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELOPMENT” MOST DIRECTLY SUPPORTS THE
SAYING “THINK GLOBAL, ACT LOCAL”.
A. PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARY
B. POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE
C. COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITY
D. DUTY TO CARE AND NOT CAUSE
ENVIRONMENTAL HARM
237. ACCORDING TO THEORIST OF “SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT” AND
“SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”, WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS OF “GROWTH” AND “DEVELOPMENT”?
A. THESE TWO REALITIES ARE ESSENTIALLY SIMILAR, HENCE

INTERCHANGEABLE IN USE.
B. GROWTH REFERS TO THE ENTIRE MACRONECONOMY WHILE
DEVELOPMENT REFERS TO PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
C. GROWTH IS A PRENCONDITION TO DEVELOPMENT BUT NOT
ENOUGH IN ITSELF; IT IS NECESSARY BUT NOT SUFFICIENT CONDITION.
D. GROWTH IS MERELY QUANTITATIVE WHILE DEVELOPMENT IS
THOROUGHLY QUALITATIVE
237. ACCORDING TO THEORIST OF “SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT” AND
“SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”, WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS OF “GROWTH” AND “DEVELOPMENT”?
A. THESE TWO REALITIES ARE ESSENTIALLY SIMILAR, HENCE

INTERCHANGEABLE IN USE.
B. GROWTH REFERS TO THE ENTIRE MACRONECONOMY WHILE
DEVELOPMENT REFERS TO PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
C. GROWTH IS A PRENCONDITION TO DEVELOPMENT BUT NOT
ENOUGH IN ITSELF; IT IS NECESSARY BUT NOT SUFFICIENT CONDITION.
D. GROWTH IS MERELY QUANTITATIVE WHILE DEVELOPMENT IS
THOROUGHLY QUALITATIVE
238.THE FOLLOWING ARE CENTRAL QUESTIONS OF
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT. WHICH QUESTION
SEEKS TO DETERMINE EFFICACY OR SUCCESS OF A
CHOSEN OPTION OR COURSE OF ACTION?
A. “WHERE ARE WE NOW?”

B. “WHERE ARE WE GOING?”
C. “WHERE DO WE WANT TO BE?”
D. “HOW DO WE GET THERE?”
E. “WHAT RESOURCES DO WE NEED TO GET THERE?”
F. “HOW DO WE KNOW IF IT IS WORKING?”
238.THE FOLLOWING ARE CENTRAL QUESTIONS OF
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT. WHICH QUESTION
SEEKS TO DETERMINE EFFICACY OR SUCCESS OF A
CHOSEN OPTION OR COURSE OF ACTION?
A. “WHERE ARE WE NOW?”

B. “WHERE ARE WE GOING?”
C. “WHERE DO WE WANT TO BE?”
D. “HOW DO WE GET THERE?”
E. “WHAT RESOURCES DO WE NEED TO GET THERE?”
F. “HOW DO WE KNOW IF IT IS WORKING?”
239. IN WHAT SENSE DOES “PROFESSIONAL)PLANNING” DIFFERS FROM
“GENERIC”, “COMMON SENSICAL”, OR “EVERYDAY” PLANNING?
A. THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BECAUSE PLANNING IS “UBIQUITOUS”

AND CAN BE DONE BY ANYONE, ANYTIME, ANYWHERE.
B. PROFESSIONAL PLANNING HAS SCOPE AND GOALS THAT
TRANSCEND ONE PERSON OR GROUP WHILE GENERIC PLANNING IS
ESSENTIALLY ACTIONNPLANNING ON FAMILIAR PROBLEMS WITH
MUCH LATITUDE FOR PERSONAL FLEXIBILITY.
C. PROFESSIONAL PLANNING EXAMINES ONLY THE “NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT” WHILE BUSINESS PLANNING CONSIDERS BOTH
“POLICY ENVIRONMENT’ AND “MARKET ENVIRONMENT.”
D. OBJECT OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNING IS “SOCIETY AND NATURE”,
WHILE BENEFICIARY OF EVERYDAY PLANNING IS ONLY “ONESELF”.
239. IN WHAT SENSE DOES “PROFESSIONAL PLANNING” DIFFERS FROM
“GENERIC”, “COMMON SENSICAL”, OR “EVERYDAY” PLANNING?
A. THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BECAUSE PLANNING IS “UBIQUITOUS”

AND CAN BE DONE BY ANYONE, ANYTIME, ANYWHERE.
B. PROFESSIONAL PLANNING HAS SCOPE AND GOALS THAT
TRANSCEND ONE PERSON OR GROUP WHILE GENERIC PLANNING IS
ESSENTIALLY ACTIONNPLANNING ON FAMILIAR PROBLEMS WITH
MUCH LATITUDE FOR PERSONAL FLEXIBILITY.
C. PROFESSIONAL PLANNING EXAMINES ONLY THE “NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT” WHILE BUSINESS PLANNING CONSIDERS BOTH
“POLICY ENVIRONMENT’ AND “MARKET ENVIRONMENT.”
D. OBJECT OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNING IS “SOCIETY AND NATURE”,
WHILE BENEFICIARY OF EVERYDAY PLANNING IS ONLY “ONESELF”.
240.THIS TYPE OF PLANNING HAS ALSO BEEN CALLED ‘SYPNOTIC’,
‘STATIC’, ‘NORMATIVE’, AND ‘UTOPIAN’, BECAUSE IT ASSUMES A
PRIORI THAT PROFESSIONAL PLANNERS HAVE THE INTELLIGENCE,
NOBLE INTENTIONS, AND EXPERTISE TO SYNTHESIZE EXTENSIVE
DATA, ANALYZE A RELATIVELY PREDICTABLE WORLD, AND DECIDE
RIGHTLY ON CRUCIAL QUESTION OF BROADER PUBLIC INTEREST.
A. EQUITY OR ACTIVIST OR ADVOCACY PLANNING

B. TRADITIONAL PLANNING OR COMMAND PLANNING OR
IMPERATIVE PLANNING
C. STRATEGIC PLANNING
D. RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
240.THIS TYPE OF PLANNING HAS ALSO BEEN CALLED ‘SYPNOTIC’,
‘STATIC’, ‘NORMATIVE’, AND ‘UTOPIAN’, BECAUSE IT ASSUMES A
PRIORI THAT PROFESSIONAL PLANNERS HAVE THE INTELLIGENCE,
NOBLE INTENTIONS, AND EXPERTISE TO SYNTHESIZE EXTENSIVE
DATA, ANALYZE A RELATIVELY PREDICTABLE WORLD, AND DECIDE
RIGHTLY ON CRUCIAL QUESTION OF BROADER PUBLIC INTEREST.
A. EQUITY OR ACTIVIST OR ADVOCACY PLANNING

B. TRADITIONAL PLANNING OR COMMAND PLANNING OR
IMPERATIVE PLANNING
D. RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
241. THE MAIN CONTRIBUTION OF NORBERT WEINER’S
“CYBERNETICS” TO THE “SYSTEMS'THEORY'OF'
PLANNING” IS THE PRINCIPLE THAT PLANNING SHOULD
BE:
A. CYCLICAL, ITERATIVE, AND SELFNCORRECTING

B. WIDENRANGING AND EXHAUSTIVE
C. FREENWHEELING AND OPEN ENDED
D. RIGOROUS, EXACT AND MATHEMATICAL
241. THE MAIN CONTRIBUTION OF NORBERT WEINER’S
“CYBERNETICS” TO THE “SYSTEMS'THEORY'OF'
PLANNING” IS THE PRINCIPLE THAT PLANNING SHOULD
BE:
A. CYCLICAL, ITERATIVE, AND SELFNCORRECTING

B. WIDENRANGING AND EXHAUSTIVE
C. FREENWHEELING AND OPEN ENDED
D. RIGOROUS, EXACT AND MATHEMATICAL
242. THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING THEORY AFTER WORLD
WAR II AS INFLUENCED BY THE SCHOOLS OF POLICY PLANNING,
ADVOCACY OR EQUITY PLANNING, TRANSACTIVE PLANNING AND
COMMUNICATIVE PLANNING HAS EMPHASIZED THE CORE
PRINCIPLE THAT:
A. A PLAN SHOULD BE A CLEAR, CONCISE AND USERNFRIENDLY
DOCUMENT
B. A PLAN CAN ONLY INDICATE PIECEMEAL AND INCREMENTAL
CHANGES IN PROCESS CALLED “MUDDLING THROUGH”
C. PLANNING PROCESS IS AS IMPORTANT AS PLANNING OUTPUT
D. THE POOR AND THE MARGINALIZED ALWAYS KNOW WHAT IS
BEST FOR SOCIETY
242. THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING THEORY AFTER WORLD
WAR II AS INFLUENCED BY THE SCHOOLS OF POLICY PLANNING,
ADVOCACY OR EQUITY PLANNING, TRANSACTIVE PLANNING AND
COMMUNICATIVE PLANNING HAS EMPHASIZED THE CORE
PRINCIPLE THAT:
A. A PLAN SHOULD BE A CLEAR, CONCISE AND USERNFRIENDLY
DOCUMENT
B. A PLAN CAN ONLY INDICATE PIECEMEAL AND INCREMENTAL
CHANGES IN PROCESS CALLED “MUDDLING THROUGH”
C. PLANNING PROCESS IS AS IMPORTANT AS PLANNING OUTPUT
D. THE POOR AND THE MARGINALIZED ALWAYS KNOW WHAT IS
BEST FOR SOCIETY
243.WHICH SCHOOL OF THOUGHT MAINTAINS THAT PLANNERS SHOULD
ABANDON THEIR PRESUMED NEUTRAL STANCE AND INSTEAD ADOPT
THE SIDE ‘THE POOR AND THE DISADVANTAGE” TO DEMAND FOR
CORRECTIVE OR REMEDIAL MEASURES FROM THE STATE AND FORM
THE MARKET THROUGH “PRESSURE FROM BELOW” BY WAY OF
CONFLICT CONFRONTATION, CREATIVE MASS ACTIONS AND
BACKROOM NEGOTIATIONS?
A. EQUITY OR ACTIVIST PLANNING

B. COMMUNICATIVE PLANNING
C. LIBERAL PLURALISTIC PLANNING
D. DISJOINTED INCREMENTALISM
243.WHICH SCHOOL OF THOUGHT MAINTAINS THAT PLANNERS SHOULD
ABANDON THEIR PRESUMED NEUTRAL STANCE AND INSTEAD ADOPT
THE SIDE ‘THE POOR AND THE DISADVANTAGE” TO DEMAND FOR
CORRECTIVE OR REMEDIAL MEASURES FROM THE STATE AND FORM
THE MARKET THROUGH “PRESSURE FROM BELOW” BY WAY OF
CONFLICT CONFRONTATION, CREATIVE MASS ACTIONS AND
BACKROOM NEGOTIATIONS?
A. EQUITY OR ACTIVIST PLANNING

C. LIBERAL PLURALISTIC PLANNING
D. DISJOINTED INCREMENTALISM
244.THESE THINKERS STARTED THE “SCHOOL OF TRANSACTIVE
PLANNING” WHICH LATER ADVOCATED THE
RADICAL/CRITICAL NOTION THAT PLANNING SHOULD SMASH
MYTHS AND MOBILIZE PEOPLE TO CHANGE STRUCTURES OF
DOMINATION AND SUBJUGATION IN SOCIETY.
A. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN, GEORGE CHADWICK, REXFORD

TUGWELL
B. NORMAN KRUMHOLTZ, JOHN FRIEDMANN
C. PAUL BLUMBERG, CAROLE PATERMAN, PAUL BERNSTEIN
D. CHARLES LINDBLOOM, RIBERT DAHL, MEL WEBBER
244.THESE THINKERS STARTED THE “SCHOOL OF TRANSACTIVE
PLANNING” WHICH LATER ADVOCATED THE
RADICAL/CRITICAL NOTION THAT PLANNING SHOULD SMASH
MYTHS AND MOBILIZE PEOPLE TO CHANGE STRUCTURES OF
DOMINATION AND SUBJUGATION IN SOCIETY.
A. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN, GEORGE CHADWICK, REXFORD

TUGWELL
B. NORMAN KRUMHOLTZ, JOHN FRIEDMANN
C. PAUL BLUMBERG, CAROLE PATERMAN, PAUL BERNSTEIN
D. CHARLES LINDBLOOM, RIBERT DAHL, MEL WEBBER
245. ACCORDING TO DAVID HARVEY AND RAY PAHL, PLANNING
IS LESS A MEANS FOR URBAN RENEWAL, BUT MORE OF “AN
AGENT OF CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT” IN ITS OWN RIGHT,
LINKED TO ALTERNATIVE THEORIES OF THE CITY THAT SEEK TO
ADDRESS POVERTY AND INEQUALITY. PLANNERS SHOULD BE
REGARDED AS CREATORS OF URBAN SPACE, NOT MERE
VALUENNEUTRAL ARBITERS OF DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS.
A. CRITICAL/RADICAL PLANNING
C. LIBERAL PLANNING
D. ACTIVIST PLANNING
245. ACCORDING TO DAVID HARVEY AND RAY PAHL, PLANNING
IS LESS A MEANS FOR URBAN RENEWAL, BUT MORE OF “AN
AGENT OF CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT” IN ITS OWN RIGHT,
LINKED TO ALTERNATIVE THEORIES OF THE CITY THAT SEEK TO
ADDRESS POVERTY AND INEQUALITY. PLANNERS SHOULD BE
REGARDED AS CREATORS OF URBAN SPACE, NOT MERE
VALUENNEUTRAL ARBITERS OF DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS.
A. CRITICAL/RADICAL PLANNING
C. LIBERAL PLANNING
D. ACTIVIST PLANNING
246. ‘ALLOCATIVE’ OR ‘REGULATORY’ OR ‘POLICY PLANNING’ IN
THE TRADITION OF HERBERT GANS AND TJ KENT IS
CONCERNED WITH SOLVING CHRONIC PROBLEMS OF SOCIETY
BY ALLOCATING RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY AND ENACTING
LAWS, RULES AND STANDARDS. IT IS THEREFORE CLOSEST TO
WHICH PLANNING APPROACH?
A. RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE
B. TRADITIONAL OR COMMAND PLANNING
D. COMMUNICATIVE PLANNING
246. ‘ALLOCATIVE’ OR ‘REGULATORY’ OR ‘POLICY PLANNING’ IN
THE TRADITION OF HERBERT GANS AND TJ KENT IS
CONCERNED WITH SOLVING CHRONIC PROBLEMS OF SOCIETY
BY ALLOCATING RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY AND ENACTING
LAWS, RULES AND STANDARDS. IT IS THEREFORE CLOSEST TO
WHICH PLANNING APPROACH?
A. RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE
B. TRADITIONAL OR COMMAND PLANNING
D. COMMUNICATIVE PLANNING
247. STRATEGIC PLANNING AS DESCRIBED BY HENRY
MINTZBERG IS CALLED “INNOVATIVE PLANNING” FOR THE
FOLLOWING REASONS EXCEPT ONE:
A. BECAUSE, AS IN STRATEGIES AND TACTICS, A PLAN HAS TO

BE CALCULATING AND EVEN MACHIAVELLIAN
B. BECAUSE IT SEEKS TO INTRODUCE A NOVEL GOAL,
PRODUCT, PROCESS OR PATTERN
C. BECAUSE IT CENTERS ON ORGANIZATIONAL FITNESS TO
CREATE OR SHAPE CHANGE
D. BECAUSE IT MOBILIZES THE WHOLE ORGANIZATION TO
MOVE TOWARDS A NEW DIRECTION
247. STRATEGIC PLANNING AS DESCRIBED BY HENRY
MINTZBERG IS CALLED “INNOVATIVE PLANNING” FOR THE
FOLLOWING REASONS EXCEPT ONE:
A. BECAUSE, AS IN STRATEGIES AND TACTICS, A PLAN HAS TO

BE CALCULATING AND EVEN MACHIAVELLIAN
B. BECAUSE IT SEEKS TO INTRODUCE A NOVEL GOAL,
PRODUCT, PROCESS OR PATTERN
C. BECAUSE IT CENTERS ON ORGANIZATIONAL FITNESS TO
CREATE OR SHAPE CHANGE
D. BECAUSE IT MOBILIZES THE WHOLE ORGANIZATION TO
MOVE TOWARDS A NEW DIRECTION
248. WHICH PRINCIPLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING RALLIES THE
ORGANIZATION AND UNIFIES ITS MEMBERS AROUND A
COMMON PURPOSE?
A. “SOLVE MAJOR ISSUES AT MACRO LEVELS”

B. “AVOID EXCESSIVE INWARD AND SHORTNTERM THINKING”
C. “BE VISIONARY TO CONVEY A DESIRED ENDNSTATE BUT
FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO ALLOW AND TO ACCOMMODATE
CHANGES”
D. “ENGAGE STAKEHOLDERS TO PULL TOGETHER BEHIND A
SINGLE GAME PLAN FOR EXECUTION
248. WHICH PRINCIPLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING RALLIES THE
ORGANIZATION AND UNIFIES ITS MEMBERS AROUND A
COMMON PURPOSE?
A. “SOLVE MAJOR ISSUES AT MACRO LEVELS”

B. “AVOID EXCESSIVE INWARD AND SHORTNTERM THINKING”
C. “BE VISIONARY TO CONVEY A DESIRED ENDNSTATE BUT
FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO ALLOW AND TO ACCOMMODATE
CHANGES”
D. “ENGAGE STAKEHOLDERS TO PULL TOGETHER BEHIND A
SINGLE GAME PLAN FOR EXECUTION
249.IN STRATEGIC PLANNING WHAT IS THE
CRITERIA TO DETERMINE THE BEST STRATEGIC
OPTION?
A. LUCRATIVE AND PROFITABLE

B. VIABLE AND FEASIBLE
C. CRITICAL AND URGENT
D. BENIGN AND MUNIFICENT
249.IN STRATEGIC PLANNING WHAT IS THE
CRITERIA TO DETERMINE THE BEST STRATEGIC
OPTION?
A. LUCRATIVE AND PROFITABLE

B. VIABLE AND FEASIBLE
C. CRITICAL AND URGENT
D. BENIGN AND MUNIFICENT
250. IN THE “STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES,
OPPORTUNITIES, THREATS” TOOLS AS POPULARIZED BY
EXPONENTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING, THE ELEMENTS,
ASPECTS OR CHARACTERISTICS THAT NEED TO BE
REINFORCED, ARE ENUMERATED UNDER WHICH
QUADRANT?
A.“S”
B.“W”
C. “O”
D. “T”
250. IN THE “STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES,
OPPORTUNITIES, THREATS” TOOLS AS POPULARIZED BY
EXPONENTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING, THE ELEMENTS,
ASPECTS OR CHARACTERISTICS THAT NEED TO BE
REINFORCED, ARE ENUMERATED UNDER WHICH
QUADRANT?
A.“S”
B.“W”
C. “O”
D. “T”
251. ACCORDING TO KARL WITTFOGELS “HYDRAULIC CIVILIZATION” MODEL OF
URBANIZATION 1957 , WHAT WOULD EXPLAIN THE EMERGENCE IN ANTIQUITY 4000N200
BCE OF THE EARLIEST CITIES ALSO KNOWN AS “NECROPOLIS” AND TEMPLE TOWNS?
A. IRRIGATION FOR FARMS REVOLUTIONIZED BOTH ECONOMIC PRODUCTION AND SOCIAL

ORGANIZATION AS IT RESULTED IN FOOD SURPLUS, WHICH NECESSITATED LARGE
WAREHOUSES IN PREPARATION OF WAR OR DROUGHT
B. STRONGMAN RULE WAS HASTENED BY THE NEED TO DISTRIBUTE WATER FOR IRRIGATION
AND TO RATION FOOD
C. WITH ABUNDANT FOOD, CLASSES OF NONNFARMING WORKERS EMERGED WHICH
EVENTUALLY LED TO “DIVISION OF LABOR” AND “OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALIZATION”.
D. CITYNBUILDING CENTERED ON IMMORTALIZING KINGS AND HEROES IN GODLIKE
WORSHIP THROUGH GRANDIOSE MONUMENTS, TOMBS, FINERIES, PYRAMIDS,
MAUSOLEUMS, SHRINES, ALTARS, TEMPLES, ZIGGURATS, OBELISK, ETC.
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE
251. ACCORDING TO KARL WITTFOGELS “HYDRAULIC CIVILIZATION” MODEL OF
URBANIZATION 1957 , WHAT WOULD EXPLAIN THE EMERGENCE IN ANTIQUITY 4000N200
BCE OF THE EARLIEST CITIES ALSO KNOWN AS “NECROPOLIS” AND TEMPLE TOWNS?
A. IRRIGATION FOR FARMS REVOLUTIONIZED BOTH ECONOMIC PRODUCTION AND SOCIAL

ORGANIZATION AS IT RESULTED IN FOOD SURPLUS, WHICH NECESSITATED LARGE
WAREHOUSES IN PREPARATION OF WAR OR DROUGHT
B. STRONGMAN RULE WAS HASTENED BY THE NEED TO DISTRIBUTE WATER FOR IRRIGATION
AND TO RATION FOOD
C. WITH ABUNDANT FOOD, CLASSES OF NONNFARMING WORKERS EMERGED WHICH
EVENTUALLY LED TO “DIVISION OF LABOR” AND “OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALIZATION”.
D. CITYNBUILDING CENTERED ON IMMORTALIZING KINGS AND HEROES IN GODLIKE
WORSHIP THROUGH GRANDIOSE MONUMENTS, TOMBS, FINERIES, PYRAMIDS,
MAUSOLEUMS, SHRINES, ALTARS, TEMPLES, ZIGGURATS, OBELISK, ETC.
E. ALL OF THE ABOVE
252. DR. GIDEON SJOBERG (1933) CLAIMS THAT CULTURAL
EXCHANGE FROM OVERLAND TRADE AND COMMERCE IN
PRENINDUSTRIAL ERA FOSTERED THE FORMATION OF THE CITIES, AS
LITERATE INDIVIDUALS, CRAFTSMEN AND TOOLNMAKERS CAME
TOGETHER TO DEBATE AND TEST EACH OTHER’S IDEAS. COMPETITION
AMONG NONNFARMING SPECIALIST GAVE BIRTH TO THE ‘SCIENTIFIC
METHOD’ AS WELL AS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN PLANT
CULTIVATION AND ANIMAL BREEDING.
A. ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION

B. SOCIONCULTURAL THEORY OF URBANIZATION
C. DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION
D. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
252. DR. GIDEON SJOBERG (1933) CLAIMS THAT CULTURAL
EXCHANGE FROM OVERLAND TRADE AND COMMERCE IN
PRENINDUSTRIAL ERA FOSTERED THE FORMATION OF THE CITIES, AS
LITERATE INDIVIDUALS, CRAFTSMEN AND TOOLNMAKERS CAME
TOGETHER TO DEBATE AND TEST EACH OTHER’S IDEAS. COMPETITION
AMONG NONNFARMING SPECIALIST GAVE BIRTH TO THE ‘SCIENTIFIC
METHOD’ AS WELL AS TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN PLANT
CULTIVATION AND ANIMAL BREEDING.
A. ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION

B. SOCIONCULTURAL THEORY OF URBANIZATION
C. DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION
D. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
253. FOR HIS GRIDNIRON DESIGN OF ANCIENT
GREEK SETTLEMENTS SUCH AS PRIENE, PIRAEUS
AND RHODES, HE IS ACKNOWLEDGED AS THE
FATHER OF TOWN PLANNING IN WESTERN
CIVILIZATION.
A. VITRUVIUS OF ROME
B. PTOLEMY
C. HIPPODAMUS OF MILETUS
D. APPOLODORUS OF DAMASCUS
253. FOR HIS GRIDNIRON DESIGN OF ANCIENT
GREEK SETTLEMENTS SUCH AS PRIENE, PIRAEUS
AND RHODES, HE IS ACKNOWLEDGED AS THE
FATHER OF TOWN PLANNING IN WESTERN
CIVILIZATION.
A. VITRUVIUS OF ROME
B. PTOLEMY
C. HIPPODAMUS OF MILETUS
D. APPOLODORUS OF DAMASCUS
254. WHICH MAJOR CONTRIBUTION OF CLASSICAL GREEK
CIVILIZATION 700-404 BCE TO TOWN PLANNING?
A. POLYTHEISM OR PANTHEON OF GREEK GODS WHICH SANCTIFIED

ALL ELEMENTS OF NATURE AS BEING ANIMATED BY DIVINE SPIRIT
B. THE DELINEATION BETWEEN RELIGIOUS SPACE & SECULAR CIVIC
SPACE AS SEPARATE BUT COMPLEMENTARY SPHERES IN SOCIETY
C. THE CONCEPT OF ‘POLLS’ OR (LATIN) ‘CIVITAS’ WHICH MEANS
THAT ONLY RESIDENTS OF CITIES CAN TRULY BE CALLED ‘CIVILIZED’
D. THE PRACTICE OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY AND THE NOTION OF
CITIZENSHIP WHICH INCLUDED WOMEN, THE POOR, SLAVES AND
ALIENS.
254. WHICH MAJOR CONTRIBUTION OF CLASSICAL GREEK
CIVILIZATION 700-404 BCE TO TOWN PLANNING?
A. POLYTHEISM OR PANTHEON OF GREEK GODS WHICH SANCTIFIED

ALL ELEMENTS OF NATURE AS BEING ANIMATED BY DIVINE SPIRIT
B. THE DELINEATION BETWEEN RELIGIOUS SPACE & SECULAR CIVIC
SPACE AS SEPARATE BUT COMPLEMENTARY SPHERES IN SOCIETY
C. THE CONCEPT OF ‘POLLS’ OR (LATIN) ‘CIVITAS’ WHICH MEANS
THAT ONLY RESIDENTS OF CITIES CAN TRULY BE CALLED ‘CIVILIZED’
D. THE PRACTICE OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY AND THE NOTION OF
CITIZENSHIP WHICH INCLUDED WOMEN, THE POOR, SLAVES AND
ALIENS.
255. THEY WERE CONSIDERED THE EARLIEST REGIONAL
PLANNERS IN HISTORY (27 BCEN410 AD) BECAUSE THEY
PLANNED THEIR CITIES AND SETTLEMENTS WITH
TRANSPORT NETWORK, CIVIL WORKS, UTILITIES AND
MILITARY DEFENSE, FOREMOST IN THEIR MINDS.
A. MACEDONIAN GREEKS UNDER ALEXANDER THE GREAT

B. ROMANS UNDER THE DICTATORIAL EMPERORS
C. PERSIANS UNDER CYRUS THE GREAT
D. EGYPTIANS UNDER RAMESES, THUTMOSES AND
NEFERTITI
255. THEY WERE CONSIDERED THE EARLIEST REGIONAL
PLANNERS IN HISTORY (27 BCEN410 AD) BECAUSE THEY
PLANNED THEIR CITIES AND SETTLEMENTS WITH
TRANSPORT NETWORK, CIVIL WORKS, UTILITIES AND
MILITARY DEFENSE, FOREMOST IN THEIR MINDS.
A. MACEDONIAN GREEKS UNDER ALEXANDER THE GREAT

B. ROMANS UNDER THE DICTATORIAL EMPERORS
C. PERSIANS UNDER CYRUS THE GREAT
D. EGYPTIANS UNDER RAMESES, THUTMOSES AND
NEFERTITI
256. WHAT THEORY OF URBANIZATION BY RL CARNEIRO (1970) BEST
EXPALINS “FORTRESS CITIES” DURING THE DARK AGES 476- 800AD?
A.URBANIZATION WAS HASTENED BY CULTURAL EXCHANGE RESULTING

FROM OVERLAND TRADE CARAVANS
B.PEOPLE SETTLED TOGETHER AROUND STRATEGIC PLACES WHICH
COULD DIRECTLY BENEFIT FROM MARITIME TRADE.
C.STRONGMAN RULE WAS NECESSITATED IN ORDER TO DISTRIBUTE
WATER FOR IRRIGATION.
D.AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF ARMYNBASED IMPERIAL GOVT, PEOPLE HAD
TO CONGREGATE IN CITIES FOR BETTER PROTECTION FROM
PLUNDERERS AND MARAUDERS.
256. WHAT THEORY OF URBANIZATION BY RL CARNEIRO (1970) BEST
EXPALINS “FORTRESS CITIES” DURING THE DARK AGES 476- 800AD?
A.URBANIZATION WAS HASTENED BY CULTURAL EXCHANGE RESULTING

FROM OVERLAND TRADE CARAVANS
B.PEOPLE SETTLED TOGETHER AROUND STRATEGIC PLACES WHICH
COULD DIRECTLY BENEFIT FROM MARITIME TRADE.
C. STRONGMAN RULE WAS NECESSITATED IN ORDER TO DISTRIBUTE
WATER FOR IRRIGATION.
D. AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF ARMYNBASED IMPERIAL GOVT, PEOPLE
HAD TO CONGREGATE IN CITIES FOR BETTER PROTECTION FROM
PLUNDERERS AND MARAUDERS.
257. 2,500 “CATHEDRAL TOWNS” DURING MIDDLE AGES 800N1440 AD
SHOWCASED THE ASCENDANCY OF THE CHURCH IN ALL AFFAIRS
WHETHER RELIGIOUS OR SECULAR, AND THESE MEDIEVAL CITIES
DISPLAYED THE CHARACTERISTICS EXCEPT ONE
A.NARROW, TWISTY, IRREGULAR STREETS RADIATING FROM THE MAIN

CENTER (RADIO CENTRIC)
B.CONGESTION WAS COMMON; INFRASTRUCTURE FOR GARBAGE AND
SEWERAGE WAS ABSENT; SANITATION WAS POOR;
C.VULNERABLE TO EPIDEMICS SUCH AS BUBONIC PLAGUE, CHOLERA,
TYPHOID FEVER, SCARLET FEVER, ETC.
D.LOSS OF PRIVACY DUE TO OVERCROWDING RESULTED IN LOOSE
SEXUAL MORALS OF THE POPULATION
257. 2,500 “CATHEDRAL TOWNS” DURING MIDDLE AGES 800N1440 AD
SHOWCASED THE ASCENDANCY OF THE CHURCH IN ALL AFFAIRS
WHETHER RELIGIOUS OR SECULAR, AND THESE MEDIEVAL CITIES
DISPLAYED THE CHARACTERISTICS EXCEPT ONE
A.NARROW, TWISTY, IRREGULAR STREETS RADIATING FROM THE MAIN

CENTER (RADIO CENTRIC)
B.CONGESTION WAS COMMON; INFRASTRUCTURE FOR GARBAGE AND
SEWERAGE WAS ABSENT; SANITATION WAS POOR;
C.VULNERABLE TO EPIDEMICS SUCH AS BUBONIC PLAGUE, CHOLERA,
TYPHOID FEVER, SCARLET FEVER, ETC.
D.LOSS OF PRIVACY DUE TO OVERCROWDING RESULTED IN LOOSE
SEXUAL MORALS OF THE POPULATION
258. OUTSIDE THE WALLS OF MEDIEVAL TOWNS AND CITIES,
LAND WAS USED COLLECTIVELY AND DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
‘COMMON OF PASTURE’, ‘COMMON OF TURBARY’, ‘COMMON
OF PISCARY’, ‘COMMON OF ESTOVERS’, AND ‘COMMON OF
SOIL’. WHICH ONE REFERS TO EVERYONE’S RIGHT TO TAKE
FISH, GAME, OR FOWL FROM COMMUNAL LAND?
A. COMMON OF PASTURE
B. COMMON OF PISCARY
C. COMMON OF SOIL
D. COMMON OF TURBARY
258. OUTSIDE THE WALLS OF MEDIEVAL TOWNS AND CITIES,
LAND WAS USED COLLECTIVELY AND DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
‘COMMON OF PASTURE’, ‘COMMON OF TURBARY’, ‘COMMON
OF PISCARY’, ‘COMMON OF ESTOVERS’, AND ‘COMMON OF
SOIL’. WHICH ONE REFERS TO EVERYONE’S RIGHT TO TAKE
FISH, GAME, OR FOWL FROM COMMUNAL LAND?
A. COMMON OF PASTURE
B. COMMON OF PISCARY
C. COMMON OF SOIL
D. COMMON OF TURBARY
259. EXCEPT FOR ONE CITY BELOW, “MERCANTILE
CITIES” DURING THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD SERVED AS
TRADING POSTS FOR OVERSEAS COMMERCE AND
PLAYED KEY ROLE IN THE ACCUMULATION OF GOLD AND
SILVER BY THE EUROPEAN MONARCHIES AND
PRINCIPALALITIES.
A. VENICE, ITALY
B. AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS
C. DORTMUND, GERMANY
D. LISBON, PORTUGAL
259. EXCEPT FOR ONE CITY BELOW, “MERCANTILE
CITIES” DURING THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD SERVED AS
TRADING POSTS FOR OVERSEAS COMMERCE AND
PLAYED KEY ROLE IN THE ACCUMULATION OF GOLD AND
SILVER BY THE EUROPEAN MONARCHIES AND
PRINCIPALALITIES.
A. VENICE, ITALY
B. AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS
C. DORTMUND, GERMANY
D. LISBON, PORTUGAL
260. ACCORDING TO MAX WEBER IN ‘THE PROTESTANT ETHIC AND THE SPIRIT
OF CAPITALISM (1904)’, WHAT WAS THE KEY FACTOR IN TRANSITION FROM THE
MERCANTILE ECONOMIES CONTROLLED BY EUROPEAN MONARCHIES TO
PROFITNDRIVEN INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISE OR LAISSEZNFAIRE?
A. ENDEMIC CORRUPTION IN HIGHLY STRUCTURED CATHOLIC SOCIETY MADE

PEOPLE LESS IMAGINATIVE AND LESS ENTREPRENEURIAL
B. EARLY PROYESTANTS GENERALLY EMPHASIZED HARDNWORK, SIMPLICITY,
THRIFT, DISCIPLINE, SAVINGS & RENINVESTMENT OF SAVINGS
C. ROYAL TREASURIES WENT BANKRUPT DUE TO CATHOLICS CULTURE OF
EXCESS, LAVISH CELEBRATIONS, OVERINDULGENCE, ETC.
D. PROTESTANT WORK WITHOUT THE BAGGAGE OF SEVEN CAPITAL SINS SUCH
AS GREED, AVARICE, ENVY. LUST, GLUTTONY, ETC
260. ACCORDING TO MAX WEBER IN ‘THE PROTESTANT ETHIC AND THE SPIRIT
OF CAPITALISM (1904)’, WHAT WAS THE KEY FACTOR IN TRANSITION FROM THE
MERCANTILE ECONOMIES CONTROLLED BY EUROPEAN MONARCHIES TO
PROFITNDRIVEN INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISE OR LAISSEZNFAIRE?
A. ENDEMIC CORRUPTION IN HIGHLY STRUCTURED CATHOLIC SOCIETY MADE

PEOPLE LESS IMAGINATIVE AND LESS ENTREPRENEURIAL
B. EARLY PROYESTANTS GENERALLY EMPHASIZED HARDNWORK, SIMPLICITY,
THRIFT, DISCIPLINE, SAVINGS & RENINVESTMENT OF SAVINGS
C. ROYAL TREASURIES WENT BANKRUPT DUE TO CATHOLICS CULTURE OF
EXCESS, LAVISH CELEBRATIONS, OVERINDULGENCE, ETC.
D. PROTESTANT WORK WITHOUT THE BAGGAGE OF SEVEN CAPITAL SINS SUCH
AS GREED, AVARICE, ENVY. LUST, GLUTTONY, ETC
261. THE FIRST GRIDNIRON OR ORTHOGONAL STREET
PATTERN IN CONTINENTAL AMERICA WAS DESIGNED IN
1682 BY:
A. WILLIAM PENN FOR PHILADELPHIA PENNSYLVANIA

B. PIERRE CHARLES L’ ENFANT FOR WASHINGTON D.C.
C. PETER MINUIT FOR MANHATTAN ISLAND, N.Y.
D. JOHN WINTHROP FOR TRIMOUNTAINE, BOSTON
COMMON
261. THE FIRST GRIDNIRON OR ORTHOGONAL STREET
PATTERN IN CONTINENTAL AMERICA WAS DESIGNED IN
1682 BY:
A. WILLIAM PENN FOR PHILADELPHIA PENNSYLVANIA

B. PIERRE CHARLES L’ ENFANT FOR WASHINGTON D.C.
C. PETER MINUIT FOR MANHATTAN ISLAND, N.Y.
D. JOHN WINTHROP FOR TRIMOUNTAINE, BOSTON
COMMON
262. BEFORE THE RISE OF “SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM” BASED ON
CONCEPT CLASSNSTRUGGLE, NORMATIVE OR UTOPIAN SOCIALISM
BASED ON CHRISTIAN VALUES WAS SHOWCASED BY THIS
PHILANTHROPIST IN NEW LANARK, SCOTLAND (1799) WHERE
EXCELLENT WORKING CONDITIONS, DECENT HOUSING, AND CHEAP
SERVICES FOR THE WORKING CLASS INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND
PROFIT. ITS FOUNDER WAS LATER ACKNOWLEDGED AS THE FATHER
OF THE COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT.
A. ROBERT OWEN
B. JOHN CADBURY
C. JAMES BUCKINGHAM
D. SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN
262. BEFORE THE RISE OF “SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM” BASED ON
CONCEPT CLASSNSTRUGGLE, NORMATIVE OR UTOPIAN SOCIALISM
BASED ON CHRISTIAN VALUES WAS SHOWCASED BY THIS
PHILANTHROPIST IN NEW LANARK, SCOTLAND (1799) WHERE
EXCELLENT WORKING CONDITIONS, DECENT HOUSING, AND CHEAP
SERVICES FOR THE WORKING CLASS INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND
PROFIT. ITS FOUNDER WAS LATER ACKNOWLEDGED AS THE FATHER
OF THE COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT.
A. ROBERT OWEN
B. JOHN CADBURY
C. JAMES BUCKINGHAM
D. SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN
263. THE MILESTONE THAT MARKED THE START OF
INDUSTRIAL AGE IN 1769 AND CHANGED THE PRIMARY MODE
OF ECONOMIC PRODUCTION WAS:
A. DISCOVERY OF CRUDE OIL, COAL AND GAS AS FUELS

B. INVENTION OF STEAM ENGINE AS SOURCE OF POWER
C. INVENTION OF PRINTING PRESS TO PROPAGATE SCINTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE
D. INVENTION OF TRAINS, TRAMS AND RAIL FOR FASTER
MOVEMENT OF GOODS
263. THE MILESTONE THAT MARKED THE START OF
INDUSTRIAL AGE IN 1769 AND CHANGED THE PRIMARY MODE
OF ECONOMIC PRODUCTION WAS:
A. DISCOVERY OF CRUDE OIL, COAL AND GAS AS FUELS

B. INVENTION OF STEAM ENGINE AS SOURCE OF POWER
C. INVENTION OF PRINTING PRESS TO PROPAGATE SCINTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE
D. INVENTION OF TRAINS, TRAMS AND RAIL FOR FASTER
MOVEMENT OF GOODS
264. AT THE START OF 19TH CENTURY INDUSTRIALIZATION IN
ENGLAND BEFORE THE EMERGENCE OF FULLN
PLEDGED PROFESSIONAL PLANNERS, WHO WERE THE EARLIEST URBAN
PLANNING PRACTITIONERS WHO ADDRESSED THE CITYNWIDE
PROBLEMS INCLUDING ‘GERM VERSUS FILTH” DILEMMA.
A. MICROBIOLOGIST, CHEMIST, PAHRMACISTS

B. SHELTER SPECIALIST, HOUSING DEVELOPERS,CONTRACTORS
C. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS, MACHINE ENGINEERS, CIVIL ENGINEERS
D. DOCTORS, EPIDEMOLOGIST, SANITARIANS, PUBLIC HEALTH
PERSONNEL
264. AT THE START OF 19TH CENTURY INDUSTRIALIZATION IN
ENGLAND BEFORE THE EMERGENCE OF FULLN
PLEDGED PROFESSIONAL PLANNERS, WHO WERE THE EARLIEST URBAN
PLANNING PRACTITIONERS WHO ADDRESSED THE CITYNWIDE
PROBLEMS INCLUDING ‘GERM VERSUS FILTH” DILEMMA.
A. MICROBIOLOGIST, CHEMIST, PAHRMACISTS

B. SHELTER SPECIALIST, HOUSING DEVELOPERS,CONTRACTORS
C. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS, MACHINE ENGINEERS, CIVIL ENGINEERS
D. DOCTORS, EPIDEMOLOGIST, SANITARIANS, PUBLIC HEALTH
PERSONNEL
265. RECOGNIZED AS “FATHER OF LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE”, HE ALSO BEGAN THE “PARKS AND
CONSERVATION MOVEMENT” IN THE U.S. WHICH ADVANCED
THE IDEA THAT CITY PARKS AND GREENWAYS CAN STRUCTURE
URBAN SPACE, STIMULATE MIXED USES, DAMPEN CLASS
CONFLICT, HEIGHTEN FAMILY VALUES, AND SERVE AS AID TO
SOCIAL REFORM.
A. FREDERICK LAW OLMSTEAD SR.

B. JOHN MUIR
C. GIFFORD PINCHOT
D. GEORGE PERKINS MARSH
265. RECOGNIZED AS “FATHER OF LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE”, HE ALSO BEGAN THE “PARKS AND
CONSERVATION MOVEMENT” IN THE U.S. WHICH ADVANCED
THE IDEA THAT CITY PARKS AND GREENWAYS CAN STRUCTURE
URBAN SPACE, STIMULATE MIXED USES, DAMPEN CLASS
CONFLICT, HEIGHTEN FAMILY VALUES, AND SERVE AS AID TO
SOCIAL REFORM.
A. FREDERICK LAW OLMSTEAD SR.

B. JOHN MUIR
C. GIFFORD PINCHOT
D. GEORGE PERKINS MARSH
266. HE WROTE THE FAMOUS BOOK “ GARDEN CITIES OF
TOMORROW” (1902) AND BECAME A MOST INFLUENTIAL
THINKER WITH IS EFFORT TO COMBINE THE BEST EFFORT OF
“TOWN” WITH THE BEST FEATURES OF COUNRY AS SHOWN IN
HIS DIAGRAM OF THREENMAGNETS.
A. SIR FREDERIC OSBORN

B. SIR EBENEZER HOWARD
C. SIR PATRICK LESLIE ABERCROMBIE
D. SIR RAYMOND UNWIN
266. HE WROTE THE FAMOUS BOOK “ GARDEN CITIES OF
TOMORROW” (1902) AND BECAME A MOST INFLUENTIAL
THINKER WITH IS EFFORT TO COMBINE THE BEST EFFORT OF
“TOWN” WITH THE BEST FEATURES OF COUNRY AS SHOWN IN
HIS DIAGRAM OF THREENMAGNETS.
A. SIR FREDERIC OSBORN

B. SIR EBENEZER HOWARD
C. SIR PATRICK LESLIE ABERCROMBIE
D. SIR RAYMOND UNWIN
267. THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED
KINGDOM DIRECTLY ADDRESSED LARGENSCALE
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY THE:
A. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

B. BRITISH AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
C. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
D. WORLD WAR II AND HOLOCAUST
267. THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED
KINGDOM DIRECTLY ADDRESSED LARGENSCALE
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY THE:
A. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

B. BRITISH AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
C. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
D. WORLD WAR II AND HOLOCAUST
268. SUPERVISED BY SIR RAYMOND UNWIN, THE
FIRST GARDEN CITY BUILT IN THE UNITED
KINGDOM (1903-1920) WAS:
A. LETCHWORTH
B. LONDON
C. WELWYN
D. HAMPSTEAD
268. SUPERVISED BY SIR RAYMOND UNWIN, THE
FIRST GARDEN CITY BUILT IN THE UNITED
KINGDOM (1903-1920) WAS:
A. LETCHWORTH
B. LONDON
C. WELWYN
D. HAMPSTEAD
269. THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT SHAPED THE
BRITISH POLICY OF “URBAN CONTAINMENT”, WITH THE
FOLLOWING FEATURES, EXCEPT ONE:
A.GREENBELTS, GREEN GIRDLES AND CLEAR EDGES FOR

ALL CITIES
B. MASS TRANSIT TO LINK “MOTHER CITY” WITH
GARDEN CITIES
C. HOMESTEAD OF ABOUT ONE ACRE PER FAMILY
D. PRESERVATION OF MORE FARMLAND & OPEN SPACE
269. THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT SHAPED THE
BRITISH POLICY OF “URBAN CONTAINMENT”, WITH THE
FOLLOWING FEATURES, EXCEPT ONE:
A.GREENBELTS, GREEN GIRDLES AND CLEAR EDGES FOR

ALL CITIES
B. MASS TRANSIT TO LINK “MOTHER CITY” WITH
GARDEN CITIES
C. HOMESTEAD OF ABOUT ONE ACRE PER FAMILY
D. PRESERVATION OF MORE FARMLAND & OPEN SPACE
270. IN 1970, WHAT UNIVERSITY OFFERED THE FIRST
ACADEMIC DEGREE COURSE IN CITY PLANNING UNDER
ITS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, WHICH
PRORAM LATER SPUN OFF TO BECOME THE FIRST EVER
SCHOOL OF PLANNING IN 1929?
A. OXFORD UNIVERSITY
B. HARVARD UNIVERSITY
C. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
D. UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
270. IN 1970, WHAT UNIVERSITY OFFERED THE FIRST
ACADEMIC DEGREE COURSE IN CITY PLANNING UNDER
ITS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, WHICH
PRORAM LATER SPUN OFF TO BECOME THE FIRST EVER
SCHOOL OF PLANNING IN 1929?
A. OXFORD UNIVERSITY
B. HARVARD UNIVERSITY
C. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
D. UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
271. CONSIDERED AS THE “FATHER OF CITY
PLANNING IN AMERICA”, HE PREPARED PLANS FOR
THE CITY OF MANILA AND THE CITY OF BAGUIO
FROM 1903 TO 1911 WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
PIERCE ANDERSSON.
A. JOHN HAY
B. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
C. ROBERT KENNON
D. DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM
271. CONSIDERED AS THE “FATHER OF CITY
PLANNING IN AMERICA”, HE PREPARED PLANS FOR
THE CITY OF MANILA AND THE CITY OF BAGUIO
FROM 1903 TO 1911 WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
PIERCE ANDERSSON.
A. JOHN HAY
B. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
C. ROBERT KENNON
D. DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM
272. “MAKE NO LITTLE PLANS, THEY HAVE NO MAGIC
AND PROBABLY THEMSELVES, WILL NOT BE REALIZED.
MAKE BIG PLANS; AIM HIGH IN HOPE AND WORK,
REMEBERING THAT A NOBLE, LOGICAL DIAGRAM ONCE
RECORDED WILL NEVER DIE”.
A.LEONE BATTISTA ALBERTI

B.DANIEL H. BURNHAM
C.BARON GEORGES EUGENES HAUSMANN
D.PIERRE CHARLES L’ENFANT
272. “MAKE NO LITTLE PLANS, THEY HAVE NO MAGIC
AND PROBABLY THEMSELVES, WILL NOT BE REALIZED.
MAKE BIG PLANS; AIM HIGH IN HOPE AND WORK,
REMEBERING THAT A NOBLE, LOGICAL DIAGRAM ONCE
RECORDED WILL NEVER DIE”.
A.LEONE BATTISTA ALBERTI

B.DANIEL H. BURNHAM
C.BARON GEORGES EUGENES HAUSMANN
D.PIERRE CHARLES L’ENFANT
273. “FIRST WE SHAPE OUR BUILDINGS;
THEREAFTER, OUR BUILDINGS SHAPED US.” THIS
QUOTATION IS ATTRIBUTED TO:
A. WINSTON CHURCHILL
B. GEORGE WASHINGTON
C. THEODORE ROOSEVELT
D. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
273. “FIRST WE SHAPE OUR BUILDINGS;
THEREAFTER, OUR BUILDINGS SHAPED US.” THIS
QUOTATION IS ATTRIBUTED TO:
A. WINSTON CHURCHILL
B. GEORGE WASHINGTON
C. THEODORE ROOSEVELT
D. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
274. THIS WAS THE MOVEMENT THAT STRESSED THE DESIGN
OF SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF
“GRANDEUR, EXUBERANCE, MONUMENTALITY, DRAM AND
TENSION, COHESIVENESS AND SYMMETRY” AS
DEMONSTARTED IN THE PLANNING OF WASHINGTON D.C.,
PARIS, CHICAGO, SAN FRANCISCO, AMONG OTHERS.
A. CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

B. CITY FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT
C. CITY EFFICIENT MOVEMENT
D. NEW TOWNS MOVEMENT
274. THIS WAS THE MOVEMENT THAT STRESSED THE DESIGN
OF SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF
“GRANDEUR, EXUBERANCE, MONUMENTALITY, DRAM AND
TENSION, COHESIVENESS AND SYMMETRY” AS
DEMONSTARTED IN THE PLANNING OF WASHINGTON D.C.,
PARIS, CHICAGO, SAN FRANCISCO, AMONG OTHERS.

D. NEW TOWNS MOVEMENT
275. THE US SUPREME COURT’S DECISION TO UPHOLD
POWER OF AN LGU TO REGULATE LAND USE THROUGH
ORDINANCE IN THE LANDMARK CASE OF ‘VILLAGE OF
EUCLID vs. AMBER REALTY COMPANY” IS RECKONED AS
THE WATERSHED MOMENT FOR:

D. REGIONAL CITY MOVEMENT
275. THE US SUPREME COURT’S DECISION TO UPHOLD
POWER OF AN LGU TO REGULATE LAND USE THROUGH
ORDINANCE IN THE LANDMARK CASE OF ‘VILLAGE OF
EUCLID vs. AMBER REALTY COMPANY” IS RECKONED AS
THE WATERSHED MOMENT FOR:

D. REGIONAL CITY MOVEMENT
276. AMONG THE CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT
PLANNERS, HE WAS THE EARLISET TO ARTICULATE
THE PRINCIPLES OF URBAN DESIGN IN “CITY
PLANNING ACCORDING TO ARTISTIC PRINCIPLES”
(1889).
A. CAMILO SITTE
B. ILDEFONSO CERDA
C. LUCIO COSTA
D. OSCAR NEIMEYER
276. AMONG THE CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT
PLANNERS, HE WAS THE EARLISET TO ARTICULATE
THE PRINCIPLES OF URBAN DESIGN IN “CITY
PLANNING ACCORDING TO ARTISTIC PRINCIPLES”
(1889).
A. CAMILO SITTE
B. ILDEFONSO CERDA
C. LUCIO COSTA
D. OSCAR NEIMEYER
277. “A TOWN IS A TOOL FOR FREE MAN TO OVERCOME CHAOS AND
LACK OF ORDER…A CITY IS THE GRIP OF MAN UPON
NATURE…GEOMETRY IS THE MEANS WHEREBY WE PERCIEVE THE
EXTERNAL WORLD AND EXPRESS THE WORLD WITHIN
US…GEOMETRY IS THE FOUNDATION…MACHINERY IS THE RESULT OF
GEOMETRY. THE AGE IN WHICH WE LIVE IS THEREFORE ESSENTIALLY
A GEOMETRIC ONE..TOWN PLANNING DEMANDS UNIFORMITY IN
DETAIL AND A SENSE OF MOVEMENT IN GENERAL LAYOUT…”
A. GORDON CULLEN
B. LE CORBUSIER
C. ALDO ROSSI
D. THOMAS SHARP
277. “A TOWN IS A TOOL FOR FREE MAN TO OVERCOME CHAOS AND
LACK OF ORDER…A CITY IS THE GRIP OF MAN UPON
NATURE…GEOMETRY IS THE MEANS WHEREBY WE PERCIEVE THE
EXTERNAL WORLD AND EXPRESS THE WORLD WITHIN
US…GEOMETRY IS THE FOUNDATION…MACHINERY IS THE RESULT OF
GEOMETRY. THE AGE IN WHICH WE LIVE IS THEREFORE ESSENTIALLY
A GEOMETRIC ONE..TOWN PLANNING DEMANDS UNIFORMITY IN
DETAIL AND A SENSE OF MOVEMENT IN GENERAL LAYOUT…”
A. GORDON CULLEN
B. LE CORBUSIER
C. ALDO ROSSI
D. THOMAS SHARP
278. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF LE CORBUSIER’S (CHARLESNEDOUARD
JEANNERET) CUBIST “RADIANT CITY” DESIGN (1923) MEANT FOR 3
MILLION PEOPLE CONSISTING OF ‘UNIFORM 60NSTOREY
TOWERNBLOCKS SET IN HUGE PARK’ WAS TO:
A. USE HIGHNRISE STRUCTURES TO IMPROVE SAFETY OF PEOPLE AND

SECURITY OF VITAL INSTITUION
B. INCREASE CITY DENSITY OF BUILDING HIGH ON SMALL PART OF
LAND
C. INCREASE TH EPUBLIC’S ENJOYMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
AMENITIES AND VIEWSCAPES FROM VARYING HEIGHTS
D. CAPTURE THE RETAIL MARKET WHICH JUSTIFIES WHY PRICES ARE
NECESSARILY HIGH IN CENTRAL LOCATIONS OR CBDs.
278. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF LE CORBUSIER’S (CHARLESNEDOUARD
JEANNERET) CUBIST “RADIANT CITY” DESIGN (1923) MEANT FOR 3
MILLION PEOPLE CONSISTING OF ‘UNIFORM 60NSTOREY
TOWERNBLOCKS SET IN HUGE PARK’ WAS TO:
A. USE HIGHNRISE STRUCTURES TO IMPROVE SAFETY OF PEOPLE AND

SECURITY OF VITAL INSTITUION
B. INCREASE CITY DENSITY OF BUILDING HIGH ON SMALL PART OF
LAND
C. INCREASE TH EPUBLIC’S ENJOYMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
AMENITIES AND VIEWSCAPES FROM VARYING HEIGHTS
D. CAPTURE THE RETAIL MARKET WHICH JUSTIFIES WHY PRICES ARE
NECESSARILY HIGH IN CENTRAL LOCATIONS OR CBDs.
279. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING VALID CRITIQUES OF LE CORBUSIER’S
(CHARLESNEDOUARD JEANNERET) MODERNIST CITY DESIGN PERTAINS
TO THE SONCALLED “SPATIAL PARADOX’:
A.ARCHITECTURAL DETERMINISM OR THE BELIEF THAT PHYSICAL

DESIGN AND VISUAL AESTHETICS ARE SUFFICIENT TO ADDRESS THE
BASIC PROBLEMS OF POPULATION
B.DEVOID OF THOROUGH STUDIES ON DEMOGRAHIC, SOCIAL,
ECONOMIC AND TRANSPORT ASPECTS
C.GOAL TO DECONGEST THE CITY BY INCREASING CONGESTION AT ITS
CORE
D.REJECTION OF HISTORIC PRECEDENTS AS INSPIRATIONS FOR OVERALL
DESIGN
279. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING VALID CRITIQUES OF LE CORBUSIER’S
(CHARLESNEDOUARD JEANNERET) MODERNIST CITY DESIGN PERTAINS
TO THE SONCALLED “SPATIAL PARADOX’:
A.ARCHITECTURAL DETERMINISM OR THE BELIEF THAT PHYSICAL

DESIGN AND VISUAL AESTHETICS ARE SUFFICIENT TO ADDRESS THE
BASIC PROBLEMS OF POPULATION
B.DEVOID OF THOROUGH STUDIES ON DEMOGRAHIC, SOCIAL,
ECONOMIC AND TRANSPORT ASPECTS
C.GOAL TO DECONGEST THE CITY BY INCREASING CONGESTION AT ITS
CORE
D.REJECTION OF HISTORIC PRECEDENTS AS INSPIRATIONS FOR OVERALL
DESIGN
280. DON ANTURO SORIA Y MATA, A SPANISH ENGINEER,
SUGGESTED THAT THE LOGIC OF UTILITY CONNECTIONS
(ELECTRICITY, SEWER, TELEPHONE LINES, GAS AND WATER
PIPES) BE THE BASIS OF CITY LAYNOUT; THUS HE CONSIDERED
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY IN HIS CONCEPT OF AN
ELONGATED URBAN FORM RUNNING FROM CADIZ SPAIN UP
TO ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.
A. CIUDAD CONECTADA
B. CIUDAD ELONGADA
C. CIUDAD LINEAL
D. CIUDAD LARGA
280. DON ANTURO SORIA Y MATA, A SPANISH ENGINEER,
SUGGESTED THAT THE LOGIC OF UTILITY CONNECTIONS
(ELECTRICITY, SEWER, TELEPHONE LINES, GAS AND WATER
PIPES) BE THE BASIS OF CITY LAYNOUT; THUS HE CONSIDERED
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY IN HIS CONCEPT OF AN
ELONGATED URBAN FORM RUNNING FROM CADIZ SPAIN UP
TO ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.
A. CIUDAD CONECTADA
B. CIUDAD ELONGADA
C. CIUDAD LINEAL
D. CIUDAD LARGA
281. TONY GARNIER (1917) CONCEPTUALIZED A LUSH GREEN
CITY OF ABOUT 35,000 INHABITANTS WHERE “MAN WOULD
RULE BY HIMSELF”, THUS THERE WOULD BE NO POLICE, NO
CHURCHES, NO RIGID FORMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL IN THIS
UTOPIAN PLACE COMPLETE WITH LANDSCAPE HOMES,
FACTORIES, TRADE, SCHOOLS, TRANSPORT AND LEISURE
FACILITIES.
A. ESPLANADE
B. AXLENINDUSTRIELLE
C. POSTNINDUSTRIAL MOTOR CITY
D. LINEAR INDUSTRIAL CITY
281. TONY GARNIER (1917) CONCEPTUALIZED A LUSH GREEN
CITY OF ABOUT 35,000 INHABITANTS WHERE “MAN WOULD
RULE BY HIMSELF”, THUS THERE WOULD BE NO POLICE, NO
CHURCHES, NO RIGID FORMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL IN THIS
UTOPIAN PLACE COMPLETE WITH LANDSCAPE HOMES,
FACTORIES, TRADE, SCHOOLS, TRANSPORT AND LEISURE
FACILITIES.
A. ESPLANADE
B. AXLENINDUSTRIELLE
C. POSTNINDUSTRIAL MOTOR CITY
D. LINEAR INDUSTRIAL CITY
282. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT PROPOSED AN ALTERNATIVE
(1932) TO THE CONGESTION IN HUGE METROPOLIS BY
WAY OF URBAN DECENTRALIZATION WHEREIN EACH
AMERICAN FAMILY WOULD BE GRANTED AT LEAST ONE
ACRE OF FEDERAL LAND IN A SELF CONTAINED,
AGRONINDUSTRIAL SETTLEMENT.
A. ECONCITY
B. BROADACRE CITY
C. EXURBIA
D. MICROPOLIS
282. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT PROPOSED AN ALTERNATIVE
(1932) TO THE CONGESTION IN HUGE METROPOLIS BY
WAY OF URBAN DECENTRALIZATION WHEREIN EACH
AMERICAN FAMILY WOULD BE GRANTED AT LEAST ONE
ACRE OF FEDERAL LAND IN A SELF CONTAINED,
AGRONINDUSTRIAL SETTLEMENT.
A. ECONCITY
B. BROADACRE CITY
C. EXURBIA
D. MICROPOLIS
283. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FEATURES DOES NOT
DESCRIBE THE NEW TOWN CONCEPT OF CLARENCE STEIN AS
SHOWCASED AT RADBURN, NEW JERSEY; COLUMBIA,
MARYLAND; GREENBELT, MARYLAND; GREENHILLS, OHIO;
GREENDALE, WILCONSIN; AND GREENBROOK, NJ:
A. HUGE MANUFACTURING FIRM AT THE CENTER

B. SEPARATION BETWEEN PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC AND MOTOR
TRAFFIC
C. GREEN SPACES WHICH ARE INTERCONNECTED
D. SERIES OF SUPERBLOCKS
283. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FEATURES DOES NOT
DESCRIBE THE NEW TOWN CONCEPT OF CLARENCE STEIN AS
SHOWCASED AT RADBURN, NEW JERSEY; COLUMBIA,
MARYLAND; GREENBELT, MARYLAND; GREENHILLS, OHIO;
GREENDALE, WILCONSIN; AND GREENBROOK, NJ:
A. HUGE MANUFACTURING FIRM AT THE CENTER

B. SEPARATION BETWEEN PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC AND MOTOR
TRAFFIC
C. GREEN SPACES WHICH ARE INTERCONNECTED
D. SERIES OF SUPERBLOCKS
284. THE NEW TOWNS MOVEMENT OF 1920’s MIGHT HAVE
CONTRIBUTED TO SCATTERED AND UNCONTROLLED DEVELOPMENT
IN CONTINENTAL AMERICA BUT THE MAIN REASON FOR ITS SUBURBAN
SPRAWL AFTER THE WAR WAS:
A.RAPID FALL OF REAL ESTATE PRICES IN THE COUNTRYSIDE DUE TO

FINANCIAL MELTDOWN FROM SUBN PRIME LENDING
B.INCREASED VALUE OF RURAL LAND DUE TO HOOVER’S INTERSTATE
HIGHWAY ACT OF 1956 WHICH FUNDED FEDERAL HIGHWAYS AND
FREEWAYS ACROSS MANY ESTATES
C. THE WIDESPREAD USE OF COMMUTER TRAINS AND MONORAIL
D. THE POPULARITY OF AUTOMOBILE AS MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
284. THE NEW TOWNS MOVEMENT OF 1920’s MIGHT HAVE
CONTRIBUTED TO SCATTERED AND UNCONTROLLED DEVELOPMENT
IN CONTINENTAL AMERICA BUT THE MAIN REASON FOR ITS SUBURBAN
SPRAWL AFTER THE WAR WAS:
A.RAPID FALL OF REAL ESTATE PRICES IN THE COUNTRYSIDE DUE TO

FINANCIAL MELTDOWN FROM SUBN PRIME LENDING
B.INCREASED VALUE OF RURAL LAND DUE TO HOOVER’S INTERSTATE
HIGHWAY ACT OF 1956 WHICH FUNDED FEDERAL HIGHWAYS AND
FREEWAYS ACROSS MANY ESTATES
C. THE WIDESPREAD USE OF COMMUTER TRAINS AND MONORAIL
D. THE POPULARITY OF AUTOMOBILE AS MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
285. THE PLANNER WHO SAID THAT “SURVEY” IS A
REQUISITE FOR PLANNING IN THE FAMOUS
FRAMEWORK “SURVEYFANALYSISFPLAN” WAS:
A. DEMOGRIPHUS
B. HERODOTUS
C. GEDDES
D. PERICLES
285. THE PLANNER WHO SAID THAT “SURVEY” IS A
REQUISITE FOR PLANNING IN THE FAMOUS
FRAMEWORK “SURVEYFANALYSISFPLAN” WAS:
A. DEMOGRIPHUS
B. HERODOTUS
C. GEDDES
D. PERICLES
286. HE PROPOSED THE “NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT” (1929) AS A
SELFNCONTAINED “GARDENNSUBURB” BOUNDED BY MAJOR
STREETS, WITH SHOPS AT INTERSECTION AND A SCHOOL IN
THE MIDDLE; ITS SIZE WOULD DEFINED BY SCHOOL’S
CATCHMENT AREA WITH A RADIUS OF QUARTER MILE OR 402
METERS. THIS INCORPORATED GARDEN CITY IDEAS AND
ATTEMPTED AT SOME KIND OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING.
A. CLARENCE PERRY
B. CLARENCE STEIN
C. CLARENCE THOMAS
D. CLARENCE MCKAY
286. HE PROPOSED THE “NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT” (1929) AS A
SELFNCONTAINED “GARDENNSUBURB” BOUNDED BY MAJOR
STREETS, WITH SHOPS AT INTERSECTION AND A SCHOOL IN
THE MIDDLE; ITS SIZE WOULD DEFINED BY SCHOOL’S
CATCHMENT AREA WITH A RADIUS OF QUARTER MILE OR 402
METERS. THIS INCORPORATED GARDEN CITY IDEAS AND
ATTEMPTED AT SOME KIND OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING.
A. CLARENCE PERRY
B. CLARENCE STEIN
C. CLARENCE THOMAS
D. CLARENCE MCKAY
287. ‘SOCIAL ENGINEERING’ REFERS TO:
A. DESIGNING AND BUILDING SOCIAL FACILITIES AND

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE PUBLIC
B. MANIPULATING AGE, SEX, ETHNICITY AND OTHER
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF SOCIAL GROUPS
C. IMPLEMENTING SERVICENORIENTED SOCIAL
PROGRAMS TO MARGINALIZED SOCIAL SECTORS
D. CHANGING VALUES, MINDSETS, HABITS AND
BEHAVIORS OF PEOPLE TOWARDS DESIRED SOCIETAL
GOALS
287. ‘SOCIAL ENGINEERING’ REFERS TO:
A. DESIGNING AND BUILDING SOCIAL FACILITIES AND

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE PUBLIC
B. MANIPULATING AGE, SEX, ETHNICITY AND OTHER
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF SOCIAL GROUPS
C. IMPLEMENTING SERVICENORIENTED SOCIAL
PROGRAMS TO MARGINALIZED SOCIAL SECTORS
D. CHANGING VALUES, MINDSETS, HABITS AND
BEHAVIORS OF PEOPLE TOWARDS DESIRED SOCIETAL
GOALS
288. A SCOTTISH BIOLOGIST WHO AUTHORED THE
MASTERPIECE ENTITLED “CITIES IN EVOLUTION” 91915)
AND WHO COINED THE TERMS “FOLK-WORK-PLACE”,
“CITYNREGION’ AND ‘CONURBATION” IS
ACKNOWLEDEGED AS THE FATHER OF REGIONAL
PLANNING.
A. SIR PATRICK LESLIE ABERCROMBIE

B. SIR PATRICK GEDDES
C. LEWIS MUMFORD
D. BARRY PARKER
288. A SCOTTISH BIOLOGIST WHO AUTHORED THE
MASTERPIECE ENTITLED “CITIES IN EVOLUTION” 91915)
AND WHO COINED THE TERMS “FOLK-WORK-PLACE”,
“CITYNREGION’ AND ‘CONURBATION” IS
ACKNOWLEDEGED AS THE FATHER OF REGIONAL
PLANNING.

C. LEWIS MUMFORD
D. BARRY PARKER
289. HE LED THE CRAFTING OF THE REGIONAL “GREATER
LONDON PLAN OF 1944”, HE DESIGNED SOME 30 POST-
WAR NEW TOWNS APPROVED BY THE BRITISH
PARLIAMENT, INCLUDING DONCASTER AREA AND EAST
KENT, IN WHICH HE USED OPEN SPACE AS
STRUCTURING ELEMENT.

C. LEWIS MUMFORD
D. CHARLES ABRAMS
289. HE LED THE CRAFTING OF THE REGIONAL “GREATER
LONDON PLAN OF 1944”, HE DESIGNED SOME 30 POST-
WAR NEW TOWNS APPROVED BY THE BRITISH
PARLIAMENT, INCLUDING DONCASTER AREA AND EAST
KENT, IN WHICH HE USED OPEN SPACE AS
STRUCTURING ELEMENT.

C. LEWIS MUMFORD
D. CHARLES ABRAMS
290. SHE WAS CALLED A “SUPERWOMAN” WHO
SINGLEHANDEDLY SPARKED ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM IN
THE 1960sN70s WITH HER RESEARCH (SILENT SPRING) ON THE
BIOMAGNIFICATIONS OF PESTICIDES AND CHEMICALS IN THE
HUMAN FOOD CHAIN; HER ADVOCACIES BORE FRUIT IN THE
CREATON OF US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN 1970’s.
A. GRO HARLEM BRUNDTLAND

B. CATHERINE BAUER WURSTER
C. RACHEL LOUISE CARSON
D. MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM
290. SHE WAS CALLED A “SUPERWOMAN” WHO
SINGLEHANDEDLY SPARKED ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM IN
THE 1960sN70s WITH HER RESEARCH (SILENT SPRING) ON THE
BIOMAGNIFICATIONS OF PESTICIDES AND CHEMICALS IN THE
HUMAN FOOD CHAIN; HER ADVOCACIES BORE FRUIT IN THE
CREATON OF US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN 1970’s.
A. GRO HARLEM BRUNDTLAND

B. CATHERINE BAUER WURSTER
C. RACHEL LOUISE CARSON
D. MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM
291. “SIRRA CLUB’ IS TO JOHN MUIR, “AUBURN
SOCIETY” TO JOHN JAMES AUDUBON, “LIVING
EARTH” TO EUGENE PLEASANTS ODUM,
“SPACESHIP EARTH” TO KENNETH BOULDING,
“GAIA, MOTHER EARTH” IS TO:
A. JAMES LOVELOCK
B. HENRYY DAVID THOREAU
C. DELFIN GANAPIN
D. ARNE NAESS
291. “SIRRA CLUB’ IS TO JOHN MUIR, “AUBURN
SOCIETY” TO JOHN JAMES AUDUBON, “LIVING
EARTH” TO EUGENE PLEASANTS ODUM,
“SPACESHIP EARTH” TO KENNETH BOULDING,
“GAIA, MOTHER EARTH” IS TO:
A. JAMES LOVELOCK
B. HENRYY DAVID THOREAU
C. DELFIN GANAPIN
D. ARNE NAESS
292. IF “EARTH HOUR” IS OBSERVED ON THE LAST
SATURDAY OF MARCH, “EARTH DAY USA” IS
CELEBRATED ANNUALLY ON APRIL 22, “WORLD TOWN
PLANNING DAY” FALLS ON NOVEMBER 8, AND “ WORLD
ENVIRONMENT DAY” IS MARKED ON THE 5TH DAY OF
THE MONTH OF:
A. MAY
B. JUNE
C. SEPTEMBER
D. OCTOBER
292. IF “EARTH HOUR” IS OBSERVED ON THE LAST
SATURDAY OF MARCH, “EARTH DAY USA” IS
CELEBRATED ANNUALLY ON APRIL 22, “WORLD TOWN
PLANNING DAY” FALLS ON NOVEMBER 8, AND “ WORLD
ENVIRONMENT DAY” IS MARKED ON THE 5TH DAY OF
THE MONTH OF:
A. MAY
B. JUNE
C. SEPTEMBER
D. OCTOBER
293. IF “WORLD HERITAGE DAY” IS MARKED EACH YEAR ON
APRIL 18, “WORLD BIODIVERISTY DAY” IS OBSERVED ON MAY
22, “WORLD OCEAN DAY” ON JUNE 18, “WORLD INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE’S DAY” ON AUGUST 9, “WORLD ANIMAL DAY” ON
OCTOBER 4, AND “WORLD FOOD DAY” ON OCTOBER 16, WHEN
IS “WORLD WATER DAY” CELEBRATED?
A. JANUARY 13
B. MARCH 22
C. JUNE 24
D. OCTOBER 31
293. IF “WORLD HERITAGE DAY” IS MARKED EACH YEAR ON
APRIL 18, “WORLD BIODIVERISTY DAY” IS OBSERVED ON MAY
22, “WORLD OCEAN DAY” ON JUNE 18, “WORLD INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE’S DAY” ON AUGUST 9, “WORLD ANIMAL DAY” ON
OCTOBER 4, AND “WORLD FOOD DAY” ON OCTOBER 16, WHEN
IS “WORLD WATER DAY” CELEBRATED?
A. JANUARY 13
B. MARCH 22
C. JUNE 24
D. OCTOBER 31
294. BASED ON HIS LANDMARK BOOK, “DESIGN
WITH NATURE”, ‘MAP OVERLAY’ TO IDENTIFY
‘ECOLOGICAL CONTRAINTS’ DEVISED IN 1967 BY
THE FIRST MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNER.
A. IAN MCHARG
B. KONTANTINOS DOXIADIS
C. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN JR.
D. EMMA BOMBECK
294. BASED ON HIS LANDMARK BOOK, “DESIGN
WITH NATURE”, ‘MAP OVERLAY’ TO IDENTIFY
‘ECOLOGICAL CONTRAINTS’ DEVISED IN 1967 BY
THE FIRST MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNER.
A. IAN MCHARG
B. KONTANTINOS DOXIADIS
C. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN JR.
D. EMMA BOMBECK
295. DR. WILLIAM REES COINED THIS CONCEPT IN 1992 TO
APPROXIMATE THE AMOUNT OF PRODUCTIVE SPACE,
MEASURED IN TERMS OF GLOBAL HECTARE (gha) PER CAPITA,
NEEDED TO SUSTAIN A POPULATION WHICH CONSUMES
FOOD, WATER, ENERGY, BUILDING MATERIALS, ETC., AND
REQUIRES THE SINK FUNCTIONS OF NATURE FOR HUMAN
WASTE AND POLLUTION.
A. LANDNPOPULATION RATIO
B. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
C. INDEX OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
D. ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
295. DR. WILLIAM REES COINED THIS CONCEPT IN 1992 TO
APPROXIMATE THE AMOUNT OF PRODUCTIVE SPACE,
MEASURED IN TERMS OF GLOBAL HECTARE (gha) PER CAPITA,
NEEDED TO SUSTAIN A POPULATION WHICH CONSUMES
FOOD, WATER, ENERGY, BUILDING MATERIALS, ETC., AND
REQUIRES THE SINK FUNCTIONS OF NATURE FOR HUMAN
WASTE AND POLLUTION.
A. LANDNPOPULATION RATIO
B. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
C. INDEX OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
D. ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
296. CONSIDERED AS THE FATHER OF WILDLIFE
ECOLOGY, HE ADVOCATED IN 1948 A “PERSONAL LAND
ETHIC” FOR HUMANS TO BECOME “STEWARDS OF THE
LAND” AND MEMBERNCITIZENS OF LANDNCOMMUNITY
RATHER THAN ITS CONQUERORS OR DOMINATORS.
A. KAROL WOJTYLA OR POPE PAUL II

B. RALPH WALDO EMERSON
C. HENRY WRIGHT
D. ALDO LEOPOLD
296. CONSIDERED AS THE FATHER OF WILDLIFE
ECOLOGY, HE ADVOCATED IN 1948 A “PERSONAL LAND
ETHIC” FOR HUMANS TO BECOME “STEWARDS OF THE
LAND” AND MEMBERNCITIZENS OF LANDNCOMMUNITY
RATHER THAN ITS CONQUERORS OR DOMINATORS.
A. KAROL WOJTYLA OR POPE PAUL II

B. RALPH WALDO EMERSON
C. HENRY WRIGHT
D. ALDO LEOPOLD
297. THIS STARTED AS A US FEDERAL PROGRAM IN 1949
WHICH AIMED TO REHABILITATE THE OUTWORN OR
DECAYING SECTIONS OF ANY TOWN BY EXTENDING FUND
ASSISTANCE TO LGUs TO UNDERTAKE IMPROVEMENTS IN
STREETSCAPES, PARK, GREENWAAYS, HOUSING, COMMUNITY
CENTERS, ETC. BASED ON ANTICIPATION THAT FUTURE REAL
ESTATE WILL PAY FOR PRESENT’S COSTS.
A. LAND RENADJUSTMENT
B. URBAN RESTRUCTURING
C. INFILL AND DENSIFICATION
D. URBAN RENEWAL
297. THIS STARTED AS A US FEDERAL PROGRAM IN 1949
WHICH AIMED TO REHABILITATE THE OUTWORN OR
DECAYING SECTIONS OF ANY TOWN BY EXTENDING FUND
ASSISTANCE TO LGUs TO UNDERTAKE IMPROVEMENTS IN
STREETSCAPES, PARK, GREENWAAYS, HOUSING, COMMUNITY
CENTERS, ETC. BASED ON ANTICIPATION THAT FUTURE REAL
ESTATE WILL PAY FOR PRESENT’S COSTS.
A. LAND RENADJUSTMENT
B. URBAN RESTRUCTURING
C. INFILL AND DENSIFICATION
D. URBAN RENEWAL
298. AS CHIEF PLANNER OF NEW YORK CITY, HE COLLABORATED
WITH THOMAS ADAMS IN THE CRAFTING OF THE “REGIONAL
PLAN OF NEW YORK AND ITS ENVIRONS 1922N1931”, HE ALSO
CONCEIVED, AND EXECUTED PUBLIC WORKS COSTING $27
BILLION BETWEEN 1924 AND 1968 AND WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR
VIRTUALLY EVERY PARKWAY, EXPRESSWAY AND PUBLIC
HOUSING PROJECT IN NEW YORK METROPOLITAN AREA.
A. WILLIAM LEVITT
B. FIORELLO LA GUARDIA
C. ROBERT MURRAY HAIG
D. ROBERT MOSES
298. AS CHIEF PLANNER OF NEW YORK CITY, HE COLLABORATED
WITH THOMAS ADAMS IN THE CRAFTING OF THE “REGIONAL
PLAN OF NEW YORK AND ITS ENVIRONS 1922-1931”, HE ALSO
CONCEIVED, AND EXECUTED PUBLIC WORKS COSTING $27
BILLION BETWEEN 1924 AND 1968 AND WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR
VIRTUALLY EVERY PARKWAY, EXPRESSWAY AND PUBLIC
HOUSING PROJECT IN NEW YORK METROPOLITAN AREA.
A. WILLIAM LEVITT
B. FIORELLO LA GUARDIA
C. ROBERT MURRAY HAIG
D. ROBERT MOSES
299. IN “DEATH AND LIFE OF GREAT AMERICAN CITIES” (1961) AND
“ECONOMY OF CITIES” (1969), THIS PLANNER MAINTAINS THAT
“DIVERSITY” PROMOTES INNOVATION AMONG PROXIMATE FIRMS
AND SPURS THE GROWTH OF CITIES, THUS S/HE ADVOCATED FOR
HETEROGENEITY, VARIETY AND MIXTURE IN THE GEOGRAPHIC
CLUSTERING OF FIRMS AS WELL AS IN THE COMPOSITION OF CITY
DISTRICTS AND NEIGHBORHOODS.
A. HERBERT GANS
B. JAMES HOWARD
C. JOEL GARREAU
D. JANE JACOBS
299. IN “DEATH AND LIFE OF GREAT AMERICAN CITIES” (1961) AND
“ECONOMY OF CITIES” (1969), THIS PLANNER MAINTAINS THAT
“DIVERSITY” PROMOTES INNOVATION AMONG PROXIMATE FIRMS
AND SPURS THE GROWTH OF CITIES, THUS S/HE ADVOCATED FOR
HETEROGENEITY, VARIETY AND MIXTURE IN THE GEOGRAPHIC
CLUSTERING OF FIRMS AS WELL AS IN THE COMPOSITION OF CITY
DISTRICTS AND NEIGHBORHOODS.
A. HERBERT GANS
B. JAMES HOWARD
C. JOEL GARREAU
D. JANE JACOBS
300. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF “NEW URBANISM” MOVEMENT
IDENTIFIED WITH JANE JACOBS, LEON KRIER, ANDRES DUANY,
ELIZABETH PLATERNZYBERK, ET AL. IS TO:
A. RENBUILD THE ARCHITECTURAL FAÇADE OF OLD CITIES USING

POSTNMODERN METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES
B. REVITALIZE URBAN COMMUNITIES BY CREATING “CENTERS” AND
BY REVIVING TRADITIONAL CIVIC VALUES
C. DESIGN GATED SUBDIVISIONS AS URBAN COLLAGE AND
MULTINETHNIC TAPESTRY
D. INTEGARTE DEVELOPMENT OF BOTH URBAN AND RURAL AREAS IN
ORDER TO SAVE AS MUCH AS FARMLAND ASPOSSIBLE.
300. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF “NEW URBANISM” MOVEMENT
IDENTIFIED WITH JANE JACOBS, LEON KRIER, ANDRES DUANY,
ELIZABETH PLATERNZYBERK, ET AL. IS TO:
A. RENBUILD THE ARCHITECTURAL FAÇADE OF OLD CITIES USING

POSTNMODERN METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES
B. REVITALIZE URBAN COMMUNITIES BY CREATING “CENTERS” AND
BY REVIVING TRADITIONAL CIVIC VALUES
C. DESIGN GATED SUBDIVISIONS AS URBAN COLLAGE AND
MULTINETHNIC TAPESTRY
D. INTEGARTE DEVELOPMENT OF BOTH URBAN AND RURAL AREAS IN
ORDER TO SAVE AS MUCH AS FARMLAND ASPOSSIBLE.
301. THE CRITIQUE OF ‘NEW URBANISM” AGAINST SONCALLED
“GENTRIFICATION” OR UP SCALING OF INNERN CITY
NEIGHBORHOOD WAS:
A. THE LATTER WAS MORE INTERESTED IN NEW BUSINESS

THAN THE IN COMMUNITY RENBUILDING; HENCE SOUL LESS
AND CENTER LESS
B. THE LATTER LEADS TO THE EXCLUSION OF LOWNINCOME
GROUPS
C. THE LATTER DOES NOT CREATE MIXED COMMUNITIES OF
VARIED SOCIONECONOMIC & DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
301. THE CRITIQUE OF ‘NEW URBANISM” AGAINST SONCALLED
“GENTRIFICATION” OR UP SCALING OF INNERN CITY
NEIGHBORHOOD WAS:
A. THE LATTER WAS MORE INTERESTED IN NEW BUSINESS

THAN THE IN COMMUNITY RENBUILDING; HENCE SOUL LESS
AND CENTER LESS
B. THE LATTER LEADS TO THE EXCLUSION OF LOWNINCOME
GROUPS
C. THE LATTER DOES NOT CREATE MIXED COMMUNITIES OF
VARIED SOCIONECONOMIC & DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
302. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING SCHEMES ARE
ASSOCIATED WITH “NEW URBANISM” , EXCEPT:
A. MIXED USED ZONING

B. NEONTRADITIONAL DESIGN
C. EXCLUSIONARY ZONING
D. PEDESTRIANIZATION
302. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING SCHEMES ARE
ASSOCIATED WITH “NEW URBANISM” , EXCEPT:
A. MIXED USED ZONING

B. NEONTRADITIONAL DESIGN
C. EXCLUSIONARY ZONING
D. PEDESTRIANIZATION
303. THE FOLLOWING PLANNERS WERE MOST CONCERNED
ABOUT “HUMAN SCALE AND THE SOCIAL USAGE OF URBAN
SPACE”.
A. DAVIDE HARVEY, MANUEL CASTELLS, RAY PAHL

B. JANE JACOBS, KEVIN LYNCH, WILLIAM H. WHYTE
C. ROBERT MOSES, WILLIAM LEVITT, RICHARD KING MELLON
D. TJ KENT, EDWIN C. BANFIELD, ALBERT Z. GUTTENBERG
303. THE FOLLOWING PLANNERS WERE MOST CONCERNED
ABOUT “HUMAN SCALE AND THE SOCIAL USAGE OF URBAN
SPACE”.
A. DAVIDE HARVEY, MANUEL CASTELLS, RAY PAHL

B. JANE JACOBS, KEVIN LYNCH, WILLIAM H. WHYTE
C. ROBERT MOSES, WILLIAM LEVITT, RICHARD KING MELLON
D. TJ KENT, EDWIN C. BANFIELD, ALBERT Z. GUTTENBERG
304. BECAUSE PRENSPANISH ABORIGINAL
COMMUNITIES IN THE PHILS WERE RELATIVELY SMALL
AND BASED ON KINSHIP RELATIONS, THE MOST
COMMON PRACTICE OF LAND TENURE IN
PRENCOLONIAL SOCIETY, WHEREIN ONE WOULD
MERELY ENJOY THE “FRUITS” OF LAND, WAS CALLED:
A. PPRIMITIVE COMMUNISM
B. ISLAMIC FEUDALISM
C. USUFRUCT
D. TENANCY
304. BECAUSE PRENSPANISH ABORIGINAL
COMMUNITIES IN THE PHILS WERE RELATIVELY SMALL
AND BASED ON KINSHIP RELATIONS, THE MOST
COMMON PRACTICE OF LAND TENURE IN
PRENCOLONIAL SOCIETY, WHEREIN ONE WOULD
MERELY ENJOY THE “FRUITS” OF LAND, WAS CALLED:
A. PPRIMITIVE COMMUNISM
B. ISLAMIC FEUDALISM
C. USUFRUCT
D. TENANCY
305. THIS WAS THE SPANISH SPATIAL STRATEGY OF FORMING
DENSE SETTLEMENTS FROM SCATTERED DWELLINGS FOR
PURPOSES OF GREATER MILITARY DEFENSE AND POLITICAL
CONTROL – LITERALLY BRINGING DISPERSED POPULATION
WITHINHEARING DISTANCE OF CHURCH BELLS – WHICH POLICY
WAS APPLIED ON MOST SPANISH COLONIES FROM 16TH TO
18TH CENTURIES.
A. EL ALCANCE DEL CAMPANARIO

B. PRESIDIO Y FORTALEZA
C. REDUCCION
D. EVANGELIZATION
305. THIS WAS THE SPANISH SPATIAL STRATEGY OF FORMING
DENSE SETTLEMENTS FROM SCATTERED DWELLINGS FOR
PURPOSES OF GREATER MILITARY DEFENSE AND POLITICAL
CONTROL – LITERALLY BRINGING DISPERSED POPULATION
WITHINHEARING DISTANCE OF CHURCH BELLS – WHICH POLICY
WAS APPLIED ON MOST SPANISH COLONIES FROM 16TH TO
18TH CENTURIES.
A. EL ALCANCE DEL CAMPANARIO

B. PRESIDIO Y FORTALEZA
C. REDUCCION
D. EVANGELIZATION
306. DURING THE PERIOD 1565-1896, THE URBAN
CONTROL POINTS DESIGNATED BY THE SPANISH
COLONIAL GOVERNMENT WERE THE:
A. ALCADIAS Y PUEBLOS
B. BARRIOS Y SITIOS
C. HACIENDAS Y VILLAS
D. CABECERAS Y POBLACIONES
306. DURING THE PERIOD 1565-1896, THE URBAN
CONTROL POINTS DESIGNATED BY THE SPANISH
COLONIAL GOVERNMENT WERE THE:
A. ALCADIAS Y PUEBLOS
B. BARRIOS Y SITIOS
C. HACIENDAS Y VILLAS
D. CABECERAS Y POBLACIONES
307. UNDER THE PLAZA COMPLEX PATTERN DESCRIBED IN
“LEYES DE LAS INDIAS” (1573), WHAT WOULD BE LOCATED
NEXT TO EACH OTHER AROUND A GRECONROMAN
QUADRANGLE OF A SPANISH COLONIAL SETTLEMENT?
A. GARDEN, FOUNTAINS, MONUMENTS, STATUES, GALLERY

AND PROMENADE
B. GOVERNOR’S MANSION, BISHOP’S PALACE, GENERAL’S
MANOR, HACENDERO’S VILLA, MILITARY GARRISON
C. CHURCH, TOWN HALL, SCHOOL, PUBLIC MARKET
D. HOUSES OF PENINSULARES, INSULARES, CREOLES,
MESTIZOS, PRINCIPALES AND ILUSTRADOS
307. UNDER THE PLAZA COMPLEX PATTERN DESCRIBED IN
“LEYES DE LAS INDIAS” (1573), WHAT WOULD BE LOCATED
NEXT TO EACH OTHER AROUND A GRECONROMAN
QUADRANGLE OF A SPANISH COLONIAL SETTLEMENT?
A. GARDEN, FOUNTAINS, MONUMENTS, STATUES, GALLERY

AND PROMENADE
B. GOVERNOR’S MANSION, BISHOP’S PALACE, GENERAL’S
MANOR, HACENDERO’S VILLA, MILITARY GARRISON
C. CHURCH, TOWN HALL, SCHOOL, PUBLIC MARKET
D. HOUSES OF PENINSULARES, INSULARES, CREOLES,
MESTIZOS, PRINCIPALES AND ILUSTRADOS
308. DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD, THERE
WERE FOUR MAJOR FORMS OF LAND TENURE OR LAND
HOLDING, WHICH ONE REFERS TO THE RIGHT OF A
SERVANT OF SPANISH CROWN TO COLLECT TRIBUTE
FROM RESIDENTS OF A TERRITORY WITHOUT ANY
OWNERSHIP CLAIM OVER THAT TERRITORY?
A. FRIAR LANDS
B. ENCOMIENDAS
C. HACIENDAS
D. TOWNSHIPS
308. DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD, THERE
WERE FOUR MAJOR FORMS OF LAND TENURE OR LAND
HOLDING, WHICH ONE REFERS TO THE RIGHT OF A
SERVANT OF SPANISH CROWN TO COLLECT TRIBUTE
FROM RESIDENTS OF A TERRITORY WITHOUT ANY
OWNERSHIP CLAIM OVER THAT TERRITORY?
A. FRIAR LANDS
B. ENCOMIENDAS
C. HACIENDAS
D. TOWNSHIPS
309. PUBLIC LANDS ACT OF 1903 GRANTED
HOMESTEADS TO 1.4 MILLION FILIPINO FAMILIES
COVERING 5.3 MILLION HECTARES, PRINCIPALLY
IN:
A. NEGROS ISLAND
B. PALAWAN
C. MINDANAO
D. SAMAR ISLAND
309. PUBLIC LANDS ACT OF 1903 GRANTED
HOMESTEADS TO 1.4 MILLION FILIPINO FAMILIES
COVERING 5.3 MILLION HECTARES, PRINCIPALLY
IN:
A. NEGROS ISLAND
B. PALAWAN
C. MINDANAO
D. SAMAR ISLAND
310. THE TORRENS TITLE SYSTEM WHICH
ENTRENCHED THE CONCEPT OF ABSOLUTE
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP LAND IN THE PHILS IS A
LEGACY FROM WHAT COLONIAL PERIOD OF PHIL
HISTORY?
A. SPANISH
B. AMERICA
C. JAPANESE
D. BRITISH
310. THE TORRENS TITLE SYSTEM WHICH
ENTRENCHED THE CONCEPT OF ABSOLUTE
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP LAND IN THE PHILS IS A
LEGACY FROM WHAT COLONIAL PERIOD OF PHIL
HISTORY?
A. SPANISH
B. AMERICA
C. JAPANESE
D. BRITISH
311. ACCORDING TO DR. ERNESTO PERNIA (1983), THE MAJOR BLUNDER IN PHIL
ECONOMIC POLICY AND INDUSTRIALIZATION STRATEGY OCCURRED IN THE
LATTER PERIOD OF AMERICAN COLONIAL RULE WHEN:
A. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH USA NARROWED PHIL AGRICULTURAL

OUTPUT TO CASH CROPS FOR EXPORT SUCH AS SUGAR, TOBACCO, HEMP,
COCNUT, PALM, RICE AND TIMBER
B. PROGRESS OF PHIL AGRICULTURAL REGIONS WAS DIRECTLY TIED TO
FLUCTUATIONS OF AMERICAN MARKET DURING DEPRESSION, INSTEAD OF
FILIPINO PRODUCTION BEING RESPONSVE TO DOMESTIC DEMAND BY
INTERLINKING PHIL REGIONS WITH ONE ANOTHER
C. POSTNWAR “IMPORT SUBSTITUTION” POLICY BEGINNING 1947 FOCUSED ON
CAPITALNINTENSIVE URBAN CONSUMER GOODS RATHER THAN ON
RESOURCENBASED AGRONINDUSTRIALIZATION IN PROVINCIAL VENTERS
UTILIZING AGRICULTURAL SURPLUS.
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
311. ACCORDING TO DR. ERNESTO PERNIA (1983), THE MAJOR BLUNDER IN PHIL
ECONOMIC POLICY AND INDUSTRIALIZATION STRATEGY OCCURRED IN THE
LATTER PERIOD OF AMERICAN COLONIAL RULE WHEN:
A. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH USA NARROWED PHIL AGRICULTURAL

OUTPUT TO CASH CROPS FOR EXPORT SUCH AS SUGAR, TOBACCO, HEMP,
COCNUT, PALM, RICE AND TIMBER
B. PROGRESS OF PHIL AGRICULTURAL REGIONS WAS DIRECTLY TIED TO
FLUCTUATIONS OF AMERICAN MARKET DURING DEPRESSION, INSTEAD OF
FILIPINO PRODUCTION BEING RESPONSVE TO DOMESTIC DEMAND BY
INTERLINKING PHIL REGIONS WITH ONE ANOTHER
C. POSTNWAR “IMPORT SUBSTITUTION” POLICY BEGINNING 1947 FOCUSED ON
CAPITALNINTENSIVE URBAN CONSUMER GOODS RATHER THAN ON
RESOURCENBASED AGRONINDUSTRIALIZATION IN PROVINCIAL VENTERS
UTILIZING AGRICULTURAL SURPLUS.
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
312. THROUGH PRESIDENTIAL LETTER OF INSTRUCTION
367 IN 1950 COMBINING NATIONAL URBAN PLANNING
COMMISSION, REAL PROPERTY BOARD AND CAPITAL
CITY PLANNING COMMISSION, THE GOVT CREATED THIS
FIRST PHYSICAL PLANNING BODY.
A. NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION

B. NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING
C. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROTECTION AGENCY
D. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS REGULATORY COMMISSSION
312. THROUGH PRESIDENTIAL LETTER OF INSTRUCTION
367 IN 1950 COMBINING NATIONAL URBAN PLANNING
COMMISSION, REAL PROPERTY BOARD AND CAPITAL
CITY PLANNING COMMISSION, THE GOVT CREATED THIS
FIRST PHYSICAL PLANNING BODY.
A. NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION

B. NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING
C. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROTECTION AGENCY
D. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS REGULATORY COMMISSSION
313.REGULATORY ACT 2264 EMPOWERED LGUs TO FORM
LOCAL PLANNING BOARDS TO CRAFT THEIR DEVELOPMENT
PLANS UNDER THE CLOSE GUIDANCE OF NATIONAL GOVT
AGENCIES.
A. LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND PLANNING ACT OF 1945

B. LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT OF 1949
C. DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVOLUTION ACT
D. TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY STANDARDS ACT
313.REGULATORY ACT 2264 EMPOWERED LGUs TO FORM
LOCAL PLANNING BOARDS TO CRAFT THEIR DEVELOPMENT
PLANS UNDER THE CLOSE GUIDANCE OF NATIONAL GOVT
AGENCIES.
A. LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND PLANNING ACT OF 1945

B. LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT OF 1949
C. DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVOLUTION ACT
D. TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY STANDARDS ACT
314.IN 1964, REPUBLIC ACT 4341 ESTABLISHED THIS CENTER TO CREATE
A POOL OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNERS IN THE PHILS.
A. LOCAL GOVT ACADEMY

B. DEVELOPMENT ACADEMY OF THE PHILS.
C. INSTITUTE OF PLANNING
D.UPLB INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
314.IN 1964, REPUBLIC ACT 4341 ESTABLISHED THIS CENTER TO CREATE
A POOL OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNERS IN THE PHILS.
A. LOCAL GOVT ACADEMY

B. DEVELOPMENT ACADEMY OF THE PHILS.
C. INSTITUTE OF PLANNING
D.UPLB INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
315. IN 1954, REORGANIZATION PLAN 53-A OF THE GOVT SURVEY AND
REORGANIZATION COMMISSION DELINEATED REGIONS.
A. NINE-REPRESENTING 9 RAYS OF THE SUN IN THE PHIL FLAG OR

HISTORIC TERRITORIES WHICH FOUGHT SPAIN
B. EIGHT-REPRESENTING MAJOR ETHNO-LINGUISTIC GROUPS
C. FOUR-REPRESENTING MAJOR ISLAND-GROUPINGS PLUS MUSLIM
MINDANAO TERRITORIES
D. SIX-REPRESENTING POSSIBLE COMPONENT UNITS OF FEDERAL
SYSTEM
315. IN 1954, REORGANIZATION PLAN 53-A OF THE GOVT SURVEY AND
REORGANIZATION COMMISSION DELINEATED REGIONS.
A. NINE-REPRESENTING 9 RAYS OF THE SUN IN THE PHIL FLAG OR

HISTORIC TERRITORIES WHICH FOUGHT SPAIN
B. EIGHT-REPRESENTING MAJOR ETHNO-LINGUISTIC GROUPS
C. FOUR-REPRESENTING MAJOR ISLAND-GROUPINGS PLUS MUSLIM
MINDANAO TERRITORIES
D. SIX-REPRESENTING POSSIBLE COMPONENT UNITS OF FEDERAL
SYSTEM
316. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 01 INTEGRATED REORGANIZATION
PLAN ON SEPTEMBER 24, 1972 INCREASED THE NUMBER OF PHIL.
REGIONS TO 11, REGIONALIZED KEY MINISTRY AND LINE
DEPARTMENTS, AND CREATED A MAJOR PLANNING AGENCY OF GVT
WHICH IS KNOWN TODAY AS:
A. PHIL. ECONOMIC ZONE AUTHORITY

B. NATIONAL LAND USE COMMITTEE
C. CONGRESSIONAL PLANNING AND BUDGET OFFICE
D. NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
316. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 01 INTEGRATED REORGANIZATION
PLAN ON SEPTEMBER 24, 1972 INCREASED THE NUMBER OF PHIL.
REGIONS TO 11, REGIONALIZED KEY MINISTRY AND LINE
DEPARTMENTS, AND CREATED A MAJOR PLANNING AGENCY OF GVT
WHICH IS KNOWN TODAY AS:
A. PHIL. ECONOMIC ZONE AUTHORITY

B. NATIONAL LAND USE COMMITTEE
C. CONGRESSIONAL PLANNING AND BUDGET OFFICE
D. NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
317. IN 2010, HOW MANY ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS DO THE PHILS
HAVE?
A. 13
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17
317. IN 2010, HOW MANY ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS DO THE PHILS
HAVE?
A. 13
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17
318. PD-824 ON FEBRUARY 27, 1975 CREATED THE METRO MANILA
COMMISSION AS THE FIRST-EVER STRUCTURE OF METROPOLITAN
GOVERNANCE IN THE PHILS FOLLOWING THE ORGANIZATION MODEL
CALLED:
A. ANNEXATION AND AMALGAMATION (ONE-TIER GOVT)

B. JURISDICTIONAL FRAGMENTATION (COUNCIL OF LOCAL GOVTS)
C. VOLUNTARY CLUSTERING AND INTER-LGU
D. FUCNTIONAL CONSOLIDATION ( TWO-TIER METROPOLITAN
GOVERNMENT.
318. PD-824 ON FEBRUARY 27, 1975 CREATED THE METRO MANILA
COMMISSION AS THE FIRST-EVER STRUCTURE OF METROPOLITAN
GOVERNANCE IN THE PHILS FOLLOWING THE ORGANIZATION MODEL
CALLED:
A. ANNEXATION AND AMALGAMATION (ONE-TIER GOVT)

B. JURISDICTIONAL FRAGMENTATION (COUNCIL OF LOCAL GOVTS)
C. VOLUNTARY CLUSTERING AND INTER-LGU
D. FUCNTIONAL CONSOLIDATION ( TWO-TIER METROPOLITAN
GOVERNMENT.
319. THIS 1997 DOCUMENT IS THE PHILS OFFICIAL RESPONSE TO 1992
UNCED “ EARTH SUMMIT” AND CONTAINS A POLICY FRAMEWORK THAT
REDEFINES DEVELOPMENT AS THE “DRAWING OUT OF FULL HUMAN
POTENTIAL” ACCORDING TO THE “APPROPRIATE PRODUCTIVITY” OF NATURE,
RATHER THAN OPTIMAL OR MAXIMUM EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL
RESOURCES TO ACHIVE GDP GROWTH.
A. PHIL. STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE

B. PHILS. COVENANT ON TOTAL HUMAN DEV.
C. STRATEGIC NATL. ACTION PROGRAM
D. PHIL. AGENDA 21
319. THIS 1997 DOCUMENT IS THE PHILS OFFICIAL RESPONSE TO 1992
UNCED “ EARTH SUMMIT” AND CONTAINS A POLICY FRAMEWORK THAT
REDEFINES DEVELOPMENT AS THE “DRAWING OUT OF FULL HUMAN
POTENTIAL” ACCORDING TO THE “APPROPRIATE PRODUCTIVITY” OF NATURE,
RATHER THAN OPTIMAL OR MAXIMUM EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL
RESOURCES TO ACHIVE GDP GROWTH.
A. PHIL. STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE

B. PHILS. COVENANT ON TOTAL HUMAN DEV.
C. STRATEGIC NATL. ACTION PROGRAM
D. PHIL. AGENDA 21
320. IN 1978, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNERS (ESTABLISHED 1917)
AND AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANNING OFFICIALS (EST. 1931)
COMBINED TO BECOME THE PRESENT DAY:
A. AMERICAN INST. OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

B. ROYAL INST. OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
C. PLANNING SOCIETY OF ALL AMERICA
D. AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
320. IN 1978, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNERS (ESTABLISHED 1917)
AND AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANNING OFFICIALS (EST. 1931)
COMBINED TO BECOME THE PRESENT DAY:
A. AMERICAN INST. OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

B. ROYAL INST. OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
C. PLANNING SOCIETY OF ALL AMERICA
D. AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
321. THE FIRST STATE-WIDE LAND USE PLAN IN 1973 WHICH DEFINED
URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARIES (UGB’s) THAT SEPARATED URBAN AND
RURAL AREAS IN ORDER TO LIMIT THE GROWTH WITHIN SERVICED
AREAS AND TO PRESERVE RURAL FARMLAND FOR A TIME FRAME OF 20
YEARS, TOOK PLACE IN THE STATE OF:
A. OREGON
B. NEW YORK
C. CALIFORNIA
D. FLORIDA
321. THE FIRST STATE-WIDE LAND USE PLAN IN 1973 WHICH DEFINED
URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARIES (UGB’s) THAT SEPARATED URBAN AND
RURAL AREAS IN ORDER TO LIMIT THE GROWTH WITHIN SERVICED
AREAS AND TO PRESERVE RURAL FARMLAND FOR A TIME FRAME OF 20
YEARS, TOOK PLACE IN THE STATE OF:
A. OREGON
B. NEW YORK
C. CALIFORNIA
D. FLORIDA
322. WHICH PLANNING CONCEPT, FIRST UPHELD BY THE US SUPREME
COURT IN THE 1976 CASE OF “PENN CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION CO.
vs. CITY OF NEW YORK” INCORPORATES A MARKET MECHANISM TO
MITIGATE WHATEVER FINANCIAL BURDEN LOCAL LAW MIGHT HAVE
IMPOSED ON THE PROPERTY?
A. PLANNED UNIT DEVT.

B. CONSERVATION EASEMENTS
C. TRANSFER OF DEVT. RIGHTS
D. EMINENT DOMAIN
322. WHICH PLANNING CONCEPT, FIRST UPHELD BY THE US SUPREME
COURT IN THE 1976 CASE OF “PENN CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION CO.
vs. CITY OF NEW YORK” INCORPORATES A MARKET MECHANISM TO
MITIGATE WHATEVER FINANCIAL BURDEN LOCAL LAW MIGHT HAVE
IMPOSED ON THE PROPERTY?
A. PLANNED UNIT DEVT.

B. CONSERVATION EASEMENTS
C. TRANSFER OF DEVT. RIGHTS
D. EMINENT DOMAIN
323. IN ALL BUT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CASES, THE US SUPREME COURT DECLARED “TAKINGS” BY
GOVT AS ILLEGAL, AS IT UPHELD THE CONSTITUTIONAL PERCEPT THAT” PRIVATE PROPERTY SHALL
NOT BE TAKEN FOR PUBLIC USE WITHOUT JUST COMPENSATION”.
A. WHERE A REGULATION IS MERELY INTENDED TO PREVENT A NUISANCE AND REMOVE

DISCOMFORT
CAUSED TO THE PUBLIC.
B. WHERE A REGULATION FORCED A LANDOWNER TO ALLOW SOMEONE ELSE TO ENTER ONTO THE
PROPERTY
C. WHERE A REGULATION IMPOSE BURDENS OR COSTS ON A LANDOWNER THAT DO NOT BEAR A
“REASONABLE RELATIONSHIP” TO THE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE COMMUNITY.
D. WHERE GOVT. CAN EQUALLY ACCOMPLISH A VALID PUBLIC PURPOSE THROUGH LESS INTRUSIVE
REGULATION OR THROUGH A REQUIREMENT ABDICATING PROPERTY.
E. WHERE A LANDOWNER HAS BEEN DENIED “ALL ECONOMICALLY VIABLE USE” OF THE LAND
323. IN ALL BUT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CASES, THE US SUPREME COURT DECLARED “TAKINGS” BY
GOVT AS ILLEGAL, AS IT UPHELD THE CONSTITUTIONAL PERCEPT THAT” PRIVATE PROPERTY SHALL
NOT BE TAKEN FOR PUBLIC USE WITHOUT JUST COMPENSATION”.
A. WHERE A REGULATION IS MERELY INTENDED TO PREVENT A NUISANCE AND REMOVE

DISCOMFORT
CAUSED TO THE PUBLIC.
B. WHERE A REGULATION FORCED A LANDOWNER TO ALLOW SOMEONE ELSE TO ENTER ONTO THE
PROPERTY
C. WHERE A REGULATION IMPOSE BURDENS OR COSTS ON A LANDOWNER THAT DO NOT BEAR A
“REASONABLE RELATIONSHIP” TO THE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE COMMUNITY.
D. WHERE GOVT. CAN EQUALLY ACCOMPLISH A VALID PUBLIC PURPOSE THROUGH LESS INTRUSIVE
REGULATION OR THROUGH A REQUIREMENT ABDICATING PROPERTY.
E. WHERE A LANDOWNER HAS BEEN DENIED “ALL ECONOMICALLY VIABLE USE” OF THE LAND
324. IN 1987, US SUPREME COURT IN THE CASE OF! NOLLAN vs. CALIFORNIA
COASTAL COMMISSION RULED AGAINST CALIFORNIA WHICH REQUIRED
NOLLAN TO DEDICATE A PUBLIC SIDEWALK EASEMENT ACROSS THEIR
BEACHFRONT PROPERTY AS A BUILDING PERMIT CONDITION, THUS THE
COURT FORMULATED A PRINCIPLE FOR GOVT’S. REGULATORY ACTION THAT
“LAND USE RESTRICTIONS MUST BE TIED DIRECTLY TO A SPECIFIC PUBLIC
PURPOSE”.
A. ROUGH PROPORTIONALITY
B. CALIBRATED ENFORCEMENT
C. CALCULATED AUTHORITY
D. RATIONAL NEXUS
324. IN 1987, US SUPREME COURT IN THE CASE OF NOLLAN vs. CALIFORNIA
COASTAL COMMISSION RULED AGAINST CALIFORNIA WHICH REQUIRED
NOLLAN TO DEDICATE A PUBLIC SIDEWALK EASEMENT ACROSS THEIR
BEACHFRONT PROPERTY AS A BUILDING PERMIT CONDITION, THUS THE
COURT FORMULATED A PRINCIPLE FOR GOVT’S. REGULATORY ACTION THAT
“LAND USE RESTRICTIONS MUST BE TIED DIRECTLY TO A SPECIFIC PUBLIC
PURPOSE”.
A. ROUGH PROPORTIONALITY
B. CALIBRATED ENFORCEMENT
C. CALCULATED AUTHORITY
D. RATIONAL NEXUS
325. THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT CLAIMS THAT! CITIES OR HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS CAN BE STUDIED AS THOUGH THEY ARE BIOLOGICAL
ORGANISM SUBJECT TO LAWS OF EVOLUTION, NATURAL SELECTION,
COMPETITION, ADAPTATION, SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, DECLINE! AND
DEATH.
A. DIALECTICAL HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

B. ANARCHO-SYNDICALISM BY SAUL DAVID ALINSKY
C. FRANKFURT SCHOOL OF SOCIAL CRITICAL THEORY
D. CHICAGO SCHOOL OF! HUMAN ECOLOGY
325. THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT CLAIMS THAT CITIES OR HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS CAN BE STUDIED AS THOUGH THEY ARE BIOLOGICAL
ORGANISM SUBJECT TO LAWS OF EVOLUTION, NATURAL SELECTION,
COMPETITION, ADAPTATION, SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, DECLINE AND
DEATH.
A. DIALECTICAL HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

B. ANARCHO-SYNDICALISM BY SAUL DAVID ALINSKY
C. FRANKFURT SCHOOL OF SOCIAL CRITICAL THEORY
D. CHICAGO SCHOOL OF HUMAN ECOLOGY
326. THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT HOLDS THAT SETTLEMENTS FORM IN A
BALANCED MANNER; THEY TEND TO BE SPREAD EVENLY AND SYMMETRICAL
IN ISOTROPIC SPACE, DISPLAYING BOTH HIEARCHY AND EQUILIBRIUM
ARISING FROM THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN BIG AND SMALL
SETTLEMENTS AND FROM THE COMPLEMENTATION BETWEEN THEIR
RESPECTIVE SCOPED OF FUNCTIONS.
A. GALAXY OF SETTLEMENTS THEORY

B. CENTRAL PLACE THEORY
C. GEOGRAPHIC DETERMINISM
D. DEPENDENCY THEORY
326. THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT HOLDS THAT SETTLEMENTS FORM IN A
BALANCED MANNER; THEY TEND TO BE SPREAD EVENLY AND SYMMETRICAL
IN ISOTROPIC SPACE, DISPLAYING BOTH HIEARCHY AND EQUILIBRIUM
ARISING FROM THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN BIG AND SMALL
SETTLEMENTS AND FROM THE COMPLEMENTATION BETWEEN THEIR
RESPECTIVE SCOPED OF FUNCTIONS.
A. GALAXY OF SETTLEMENTS THEORY

B. CENTRAL PLACE THEORY
C. GEOGRAPHIC DETERMINISM
D. DEPENDENCY THEORY
327. THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT MAINTAINS THAT CITIES ARE “THEATERS OF CAPITAL
ACCUMULATION”, LARGELY A CONSEQUENCE OF CLASS BASED STRUGGLE AMONG GROUPS FOR
STRATEGIC DOMINANCE AND CONTROL OF SURPLUS. SUCH CONFLICT IS USUALLY WON BY THE RICH
AND POWERFUL THROUGH AGENTS OF CAPITAL SUCH AS MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS WHICH
USE THE CITY TO AMASS WEALTH BY RAISING PROPERTY VALUES THROUGH COMMERCIALIZATION,
GENTRIFICATION, MANIPULATION, AND LAND SPECULATION.
A. CAPITAL THEORETIC MODEL

B. POLITICAL ECONOMY
C. NATURAL CAPITALISM
D. DAVID HARVEY’S CIRCUITS OF CAPITAL
327. THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT MAINTAINS THAT CITIES ARE “THEATERS OF CAPITAL
ACCUMULATION”, LARGELY A CONSEQUENCE OF CLASS BASED STRUGGLE AMONG GROUPS FOR
STRATEGIC DOMINANCE AND CONTROL OF SURPLUS. SUCH CONFLICT IS USUALLY WON BY THE RICH
AND POWERFUL THROUGH AGENTS OF CAPITAL SUCH AS MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS WHICH
USE THE CITY TO AMASS WEALTH BY RAISING PROPERTY VALUES THROUGH COMMERCIALIZATION,
GENTRIFICATION, MANIPULATION, AND LAND SPECULATION.
A. CAPITAL THEORETIC MODEL

B. POLITICAL ECONOMY
C. NATURAL CAPITALISM
D. DAVID HARVEY’S CIRCUITS OF CAPITAL
328. THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT DESCRIBES A BORDERLESS GLOBAL ECONOMY
CHARACTERIZED BY FREE TRADE AND FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL WHEREIN
NATION-STATED WOULD HAVE “LEAN! AND MEAN” GOVERNMENTS WHICH
PURSUE POLICIES OF LIBERALIZATION, DEREGULATION, PRIVATIZATION, DE-
BUREAUCRATIZATION, UNBUNDLING, DENCOUPLING, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURAL
ADJUSTMENTS.
A. WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY

B. STATE CORPORATISM
C. NEONLIBERALISM
D. LIBERAL DEMOCRACY
328. THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT DESCRIBES A BORDERLESS GLOBAL ECONOMY
CHARACTERIZED BY FREE TRADE AND FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL WHEREIN
NATION-STATED WOULD HAVE “LEAN! AND MEAN” GOVERNMENTS WHICH
PURSUE POLICIES OF LIBERALIZATION, DEREGULATION, PRIVATIZATION, DE-
BUREAUCRATIZATION, UNBUNDLING, DENCOUPLING, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURAL
ADJUSTMENTS.
A. WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY

B. STATE CORPORATISM
C. NEO-LIBERALISM
D. LIBERAL DEMOCRACY
329. JOHANN HEINREICH VON THUNEN’s THEORY OF AGRICULTURAL RENT IS
SYMBOLIZED AS “LR=Y(p-c)-Ytd“ WHERE Y IS THE YIELD OR TOTAL HARVEST, p
IS PRICE OF CROP, c IS PRODUCTION COST, AND d IS THE DISTANCE TO
MARKET. IF YIELD OF PALAY IS 3,500 KILOS, NFA BUYING RICE IS 17.00 PER
KILO, DISTANCE IS 5KM, GIVEN FARMER’S GROSS PRODUCTION OF 45 CENTS
PER SQM PER DAY FOR UNIT PRODUCTION COST OF 12.00 PER KILO, WOULD
PALAY CULTIVATION BE PROFITABLE AT THIS SPECIFIC FARM LOCATION IF
TRANSPORT COST IS 1.00 PER KILO OF PALAY?
A. YES
B. NO
C. IT DEPENDS ON THE WEATHER
D. IT DEPENDS ON QUALITY OF ROAD & CAPACITY OF VEHICLE
329. JOHANN HEINREICH VON THUNEN’s THEORY OF AGRICULTURAL RENT IS
SYMBOLIZED AS “LR=Y(p-c)-Ytd“ WHERE Y IS THE YIELD OR TOTAL HARVEST, p
IS PRICE OF CROP, c IS PRODUCTION COST, AND d IS THE DISTANCE TO
MARKET. IF YIELD OF PALAY IS 3,500 KILOS, NFA BUYING RICE IS 17.00 PER
KILO, DISTANCE IS 5KM, GIVEN FARMER’S GROSS PRODUCTION OF 45 CENTS
PER SQM PER DAY FOR UNIT PRODUCTION COST OF 12.00 PER KILO, WOULD
PALAY CULTIVATION BE PROFITABLE AT THIS SPECIFIC FARM LOCATION IF
TRANSPORT COST IS 1.00 PER KILO OF PALAY?
A. YES
B. NO
C. IT DEPENDS ON THE WEATHER
D. IT DEPENDS ON QUALITY OF ROAD & CAPACITY OF VEHICLE
330. IN WALTER CHRISTALLER’S CENTRAL PLACE THEORY, THE CATCHMENT’S
AREA OF A CENTRAL PLACE TAKES THE SHAPE OF HEXAGON RATHER THAN A
PERFECT CIRCLE. IF A PARTICULAR SERVICE OR FUNCTION SUCH AS
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FORMULA,
C=2.6r²d, WHAT WOULD BE THE CATCHMENT’S AREA OF ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL IF ITS RADIUS IS 0.5 KM AND DIAMETER IS ONE KM/
A. 0.65 SQ KM
B. 0.75 SQ KM
C. 0.85 SQ KM
D. 0.95 SQ KM
330. IN WALTER CHRISTALLER’S CENTRAL PLACE THEORY, THE CATCHMENT’S
AREA OF A CENTRAL PLACE TAKES THE SHAPE OF HEXAGON RATHER THAN A
PERFECT CIRCLE. IF A PARTICULAR SERVICE OR FUNCTION SUCH AS
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT IS REPRESENTED BY THE FORMULA,
C=2.6r²d, WHAT WOULD BE THE CATCHMENT’S AREA OF ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL IF ITS RADIUS IS 0.5 KM AND DIAMETER IS ONE KM/
A. 0.65 SQ KM
B. 0.75 SQ KM
C. 0.85 SQ KM
D. 0.95 SQ KM
331. A CHART-LIKE TOOL TO MEASURE CENTRALITY OF A PLACE
PARTICULARLY ITS RANGE OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONS, IS
CALLED:
A. MATRIX
B. ISOTIMS
C. ISODAPANES
D. SCALOGRAM
331. A CHART-LIKE TOOL TO MEASURE CENTRALITY OF A PLACE
PARTICULARLY ITS RANGE OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONS, IS
CALLED:
A. MATRIX
B. ISOTIMS
C. ISODAPANES
D. SCALOGRAM
332. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY IN THE PHILS, EXCEPT ONE:
A. LOCATION OF HEALTH CENTERS

B. LOCATION OF TRIAL COURTS
C. LOCATION OF BEACH RESORTS
D. LOCATION OF POLICE STATIONS
332. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY IN THE PHILS, EXCEPT ONE:
A. LOCATION OF HEALTH CENTERS

B. LOCATION OF TRIAL COURTS
C. LOCATION OF BEACH RESORTS
D. LOCATION OF POLICE STATIONS
333. WHAT CHRISTALLERIAN PRINCIPLES FROM THE BASIS WHY A
STATE UNIVERSITY, A CONSUMER MALL. A HUGE SPORTS STADIUM, OR
A TERTIARY-LEVEL HOSPITAL CANNOT BE ESTABLISHED IN EACH AND
EVERY PHIL. MUNICIPALITY?
A. SPATIAL EQUITY AND BIO-GEOGRAPHY EQUITY

B. SPECIALIZATION AND CONCENTRATION
C. MARKET RANGE AND THRESHOLD POPULATION
D. PROFITABILITY AND PECUNIARY INTEREST
333. WHAT CHRISTALLERIAN PRINCIPLES FROM THE BASIS WHY A
STATE UNIVERSITY, A CONSUMER MALL. A HUGE SPORTS STADIUM, OR
A TERTIARY-LEVEL HOSPITAL CANNOT BE ESTABLISHED IN EACH AND
EVERY PHIL. MUNICIPALITY?
A. SPATIAL EQUITY AND BIO-GEOGRAPHY EQUITY

B. SPECIALIZATION AND CONCENTRATION
C. MARKET RANGE AND THRESHOLD POPULATION
D. PROFITABILITY AND PECUNIARY INTEREST
334. THE “HIEARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS” IN WALTER CHRISTALLER’S
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY IS CHARACTERIZED BY:
A. EQUALLY-SIZED LARGE CITIES IN EVERY REGION

B. ONLY ONE LARGE CITY, MANY SMALL SETTLEMENTS
C. ONLY MEDIUM-SIZED AND SMALL SETTLEMENTS
D. A FEW LARGE CITIES, SOME MEDIUM CITIES, MANY SMALL
SETTLEMENTS
334. THE “HIEARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS” IN WALTER CHRISTALLER’S
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY IS CHARACTERIZED BY:
A. EQUALLY-SIZED LARGE CITIES IN EVERY REGION

B. ONLY ONE LARGE CITY, MANY SMALL SETTLEMENTS
C. ONLY MEDIUM-SIZED AND SMALL SETTLEMENTS
D. A FEW LARGE CITIES, SOME MEDIUM CITIES, MANY SMALL
SETTLEMENTS
335. CENTRAL PLACE THEORY WAS FOUND FAULTY IN ASSUMING UNIFORM
TOPOGRAPHY, FLAT FEATURELESS TERRAIN, EASE OF TRAVEL IN ALL
DIRECTIONS, AND UBIQUITY OR ALL-AROUND PRESENCE OF ECONOMIC
RESOURCES, BUT ITS MAJOR STRENGTH LIES IN CHARACTERIZING THE
LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES OF ONE PLACE IN RELATION TO ANOTHER, A
GEORAPHIC CONCEPT CALLED:
A. SURROUNDING
B. STANDING
C. SITUATION
D. STATE
335. CENTRAL PLACE THEORY WAS FOUND FAULTY IN ASSUMING UNIFORM
TOPOGRAPHY, FLAT FEATURELESS TERRAIN, EASE OF TRAVEL IN ALL
DIRECTIONS, AND UBIQUITY OR ALL-AROUND PRESENCE OF ECONOMIC
RESOURCES, BUT ITS MAJOR STRENGTH LIES IN CHARACTERIZING THE
LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES OF ONE PLACE IN RELATION TO ANOTHER, A
GEORAPHIC CONCEPT CALLED:
A. SURROUNDING
B. STANDING
C. SITUATION
D. STATE
336. THE WEAKNESS OF APPLYING CENTRAL PLACE THEORY IN A SIMPLISTIC WAY
ON THE PHILIPPINES IS THAT:
A. UNLIKE OTHER COUNTRIES, PHILS DOES NOT HAVE COMPACT LAND MASS WITH
HOMOGENOUS FEATURES
B. ARCHIPELAGIC NATURE CREATES NATURAL DISCONTINUITIES THAT RENDER
MOVEMENT & ECONOMIC EXCHANGE DIFFICULT
C. SPATIAL INTEGRATION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS BY POOR
TRANSPORT THAT INFLATES PRICES
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
336. THE WEAKNESS OF APPLYING CENTRAL PLACE THEORY IN A SIMPLISTIC WAY
ON THE PHILIPPINES IS THAT:
A. UNLIKE OTHER COUNTRIES, PHILS DOES NOT HAVE COMPACT LAND MASS WITH
HOMOGENOUS FEATURES
B. ARCHIPELAGIC NATURE CREATES NATURAL DISCONTINUITIES THAT RENDER
MOVEMENT & ECONOMIC EXCHANGE DIFFICULT
C. SPATIAL INTEGRATION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS BY POOR
TRANSPORT THAT INFLATES PRICES
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
337. IN 2010, WHICH PHILIPPINE CITY HAS THE BIGGEST POPULATION, BIGGEST
GROSS INCOME, BIGGEST NET INCOME AND BIGGEST IRA?
A. CITY OF MANILA
B. MAKATI CITY
C. QUEZON CITY
D. CEBU CITY
337. IN 2010, WHICH PHILIPPINE CITY HAS THE BIGGEST POPULATION, BIGGEST
GROSS INCOME, BIGGEST NET INCOME AND BIGGEST IRA?
A. CITY OF MANILA
B. MAKATI CITY
C. QUEZON CITY
D. CEBU CITY
338. GEORGE ZIPF’S RANK-FILE-SIZE RULE, “Pn-P1/nq)“ DERIVED FROM
CHRISTALLER’S CENTRAL PLACE THEORY AND ASSERTS THAT THE POPULATION OF
CITY “n” IS EQUAL TO THE POPULATION OF THE LARGEST CITY “1” DIVIDED BY THE
RANK OF “n” IN THE HIEARCHY OF PLACES. IF THE LARGEST CITY IN IMMEDIATELY-
PRECEDING QUESTION HAD 2.6 MILLION PEOPLE IN 2007 OFFICIAL CENSUS, USING
ZIPF’S RULE WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN THE POPULATION OF DAVAO CITY IF IT WAS
RANKED NUMBER 4?
A. 520,000
B. 1,520,000
C. 1,300,000
D. 650,000
338. GEORGE ZIPF’S RANK-FILE-SIZE RULE, “Pn-P1/nq)“ DERIVED FROM
CHRISTALLER’S CENTRAL PLACE THEORY AND ASSERTS THAT THE POPULATION OF
CITY “n” IS EQUAL TO THE POPULATION OF THE LARGEST CITY “1” DIVIDED BY THE
RANK OF “n” IN THE HIEARCHY OF PLACES. IF THE LARGEST CITY IN IMMEDIATELY-
PRECEDING QUESTION HAD 2.6 MILLION PEOPLE IN 2007 OFFICIAL CENSUS, USING
ZIPF’S RULE WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN THE POPULATION OF DAVAO CITY IF IT WAS
RANKED NUMBER 4?
A. 520,000
B. 1,520,000
C. 1,300,000
D. 650,000
339. DOES THE FORMULA OF GEORGE ZIPF IN THE IMMEDIATELY-PRECEEDING
QUESTION MATCH THE REALITY ON THE GROUND BASED ON 2007 OFFICIAL
CENSUS OF THE NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE?
A. YES
B. PARTIALLY
C. NO
D. DEPENDS ON WHETHER OLD DAVAO CITY OR METRO DAVAO IS BEING ANALYZED
339. DOES THE FORMULA OF GEORGE ZIPF IN THE IMMEDIATELY-PRECEEDING
QUESTION MATCH THE REALITY ON THE GROUND BASED ON 2007 OFFICIAL
CENSUS OF THE NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE?
A. YES
B. PARTIALLY
C. NO
D. DEPENDS ON WHETHER OLD DAVAO CITY OR METRO DAVAO IS BEING ANALYZED
340. IN THE MODEL MONONCENTRIC CITIES, IT IS ASSUMED THAT
MANUFACTURERS LOCATE CLOSE TO TRANSPORT ARTERIES, BLUE COLLAR
WORKERS LOCATE CLOSE TO THEIR JOBS, WHILE TRADERS AND RETAILERS PAY
HIGHER FOR CHOICE LOCATIONS IN CITY CENTER TO HAVE COMMAND OF THE
MARKET. THIS PATTERN OF LAND USE IS EXPLAINED BETTER BY WHICH THEORY OF
SPATIAL PLANNING?
A. URBAN BID-RENT BY ALONSO, MUTH, AND MILLS

B. CUMULATIVE CAUSATION BY GUNMAR MYRDAL
C. URBAN LAND NEXUS THEORY BY DAVID HARVEY
D. CITY AS GROWTH MACHINE BY JOHN LOGAN & HARVEY MOLOTCH
340. IN THE MODEL MONONCENTRIC CITIES, IT IS ASSUMED THAT
MANUFACTURERS LOCATE CLOSE TO TRANSPORT ARTERIES, BLUE COLLAR
WORKERS LOCATE CLOSE TO THEIR JOBS, WHILE TRADERS AND RETAILERS PAY
HIGHER FOR CHOICE LOCATIONS IN CITY CENTER TO HAVE COMMAND OF THE
MARKET. THIS PATTERN OF LAND USE IS EXPLAINED BETTER BY WHICH THEORY OF
SPATIAL PLANNING?
A. URBAN BID-RENT BY ALONSO, MUTH, AND MILLS

B. CUMULATIVE CAUSATION BY GUNMAR MYRDAL
C. URBAN LAND NEXUS THEORY BY DAVID HARVEY
D. CITY AS GROWTH MACHINE BY JOHN LOGAN & HARVEY MOLOTCH
341. “ WHEN ALL LAND IS IDENTICAL AND THERE IS PERFECT COMPETITION
AMONG PROFIT-MAXIMIZING FRIMS, LAND IS SOLD TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER.
AS A FIRM MOVES CLOSER TO THE CENTER OF A PLACE, TRANSPORT COSTS
FALL WHICH INCREASES THE AMOUNT OF A FIRM IS WILLING TO PAY FOR
THE LAND. THUS, LAND AT THE CENTER WILL ALWAYS HAS THE HIGHEST
VALUE.”
A. JOHANN HENREICH VON THUNEN, WALTER CHRISTALLER AND GEORGE

KINGSLEY ZIPF
B. WILLIAM ALONSO, RICHARD E. MUTH AND EDWIN S. MILLS
C. ALFRED WEBER, AUGUST LOSCH AND WALTER ISARD
D. RODERICK D. MCKENZIE, AMOS H. HAWLEY AND ROBERT PARK
341. “ WHEN ALL LAND IS IDENTICAL AND THERE IS PERFECT COMPETITION
AMONG PROFIT-MAXIMIZING FRIMS, LAND IS SOLD TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER.
AS A FIRM MOVES CLOSER TO THE CENTER OF A PLACE, TRANSPORT COSTS
FALL WHICH INCREASES THE AMOUNT OF A FIRM IS WILLING TO PAY FOR
THE LAND. THUS, LAND AT THE CENTER WILL ALWAYS HAS THE HIGHEST
VALUE.”
A. JOHANN HENREICH VON THUNEN, WALTER CHRISTALLER AND GEORGE

KINGSLEY ZIPF
B. WILLIAM ALONSO, RICHARD E. MUTH AND EDWIN S. MILLS
C. ALFRED WEBER, AUGUST LOSCH AND WALTER ISARD
D. RODERICK D. MCKENZIE, AMOS H. HAWLEY AND ROBERT PARK
342. NEO-CLASSICAL URBAN BID-RENT THEORY PROVIDES THE FORMULA FOR
LOCATION RENT AT CENTER OF CITY AS EQUAL = TO “RENT GRADIENT” TIMES
“RADIUS” WHERE RENT GRADIENT IS EQUAL TO “TRANSPORT COST PER CAPITA PER
YEAR” MULTIPLIED BY! “DENSITY PER SQ KM”. IF PATEROS HAS A RADIUS DISTANCE
OF 10.266 KM FROM THE CENTER METRO MANILA, WITH AVERAGE DENSITY OF
29,495.24 PERSONS PER SQ KM IN! 2009 AND P15,330 TRANSPORT COST PER
CAPITA PER YEAR, WHAT SHOULD BE THE LOCATION RENT PER SQM IN PATEROS AS
PERIPHERY-TOWN OF METRO MANILA? (CLUE: CONVERT SQ KM TO SQM.)
A. 4,641 PER SQM

B. AROUND 46,410 PER SQM
C. AROUND464,100 PER SQM
D. AROUND 464.10 PER SQM
342. NEO-CLASSICAL URBAN BID-RENT THEORY PROVIDES THE FORMULA FOR
LOCATION RENT AT CENTER OF CITY AS EQUAL = TO “RENT GRADIENT” TIMES
“RADIUS” WHERE RENT GRADIENT IS EQUAL TO “TRANSPORT COST PER CAPITA PER
YEAR” MULTIPLIED BY! “DENSITY PER SQ KM”. IF PATEROS HAS A RADIUS DISTANCE
OF 10.266 KM FROM THE CENTER METRO MANILA, WITH AVERAGE DENSITY OF
29,495.24 PERSONS PER SQ KM IN! 2009 AND P15,330 TRANSPORT COST PER
CAPITA PER YEAR, WHAT SHOULD BE THE LOCATION RENT PER SQM IN PATEROS AS
PERIPHERY-TOWN OF METRO MANILA? (CLUE: CONVERT SQ KM TO SQM.)
A. 4,641 PER SQM

B. AROUND 46,410 PER SQM
C. AROUND464,100 PER SQM
D. AROUND 464.10 PER SQM
343. ACCORDING TO RALEIGH BARLOW (1958), THIS REFERS TO THE MOST
PROFITABLE USE OF LAND WHEN IT YIELDS OPTIMUM RETURNS GIVEN LIMITED
INPUTS; SUCH RETURNS CAN EITHER BE MONETARY OR NON-MONETARY,
TANGIBLE OR INTANGIBLE, BASED ON THE CRITERIA AND INTEREST OF THE PERSON
WHO MAKES SUCH DECISIONS.
A. MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE
B. MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE YIELD
C. PROFIT MAXIMIZATION
D. HIGHEST AND BEST USE
343. ACCORDING TO RALEIGH BARLOW (1958), THIS REFERS TO THE MOST
PROFITABLE USE OF LAND WHEN IT YIELDS OPTIMUM RETURNS GIVEN LIMITED
INPUTS; SUCH RETURNS CAN EITHER BE MONETARY OR NON-MONETARY,
TANGIBLE OR INTANGIBLE, BASED ON THE CRITERIA AND INTEREST OF THE PERSON
WHO MAKES SUCH DECISIONS.
A. MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE
B. MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE YIELD
C. PROFIT MAXIMIZATION
D. HIGHEST AND BEST USE
344. IN PIERCE LEWIS’ REVISION OF THE ERNEST BURGESS’ MONO-CENTRIC MODEL
OF URBAN LAND USE, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE SPATIAL DECLINE
OF CONCENTRIC CITIES LEAST EFFECTIVELY?
A. THE ELITE AND THEIR BUSINESS LEAVE THE INNER CORE DUE TO POLLUTION AND
CONGESTION
B. HOLLOWING-OUT OF THE CORE RESULTS IN “THE DONUT SPACE”
C. SURROUNDED BY THE POOR IN THE HISTORIC CENTER, GOVT. INCREASINGLY
BECOMES CAPTIVE TO PRESSURE GROUPS
D. LAND VALUES RAPIDLY FALL IN INNER-CITY AREAS EXPERIENCING URBAN BLIGHT
AND URBAN DECAY.
344. IN PIERCE LEWIS’ REVISION OF THE ERNEST BURGESS’ MONO-CENTRIC MODEL
OF URBAN LAND USE, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE SPATIAL DECLINE
OF CONCENTRIC CITIES LEAST EFFECTIVELY?
A. THE ELITE AND THEIR BUSINESS LEAVE THE INNER CORE DUE TO POLLUTION AND
CONGESTION
B. HOLLOWING-OUT OF THE CORE RESULTS IN “THE DONUT SPACE”
C. SURROUNDED BY THE POOR IN THE HISTORIC CENTER, GOVT. INCREASINGLY
BECOMES CAPTIVE TO PRESSURE GROUPS
D. LAND VALUES RAPIDLY FALL IN INNER-CITY AREAS EXPERIENCING URBAN BLIGHT
AND URBAN DECAY.
345. IN URBAN LAND USE MODELS OF THE CHICAGO SCHOOL OF HUMAN ECOLOGY,
THE AFFLUENT AND MIDDLE CLASSES ARE INCLINED TO MOVE AWAY FROM
DOWNTOWN AND INNER-CITY IN FAVOR OF SUBURBAN LOCATIONS AND THIS
PROCESS RESULTS IN A PARADOX OR “SPATIAL MISMATCH” AS REGARDS LABOR.
A. SOPHISTICATED UPPER CLASSES LOCATE IN CITY-EDGES WITH SEMI RURAL

CONDITIONS WHERE NO EMPLOYMENT IS AVAILABLE
B. LOWER CLASSES WHO CANNOT CREATE EMPLOYMENT BY THEMSELVES ARE LEFT
TO OCCUPY HIGH-PRICED LAND IN THE INNER-CORE OF CITIES.
C. BLUE COLLAR WORKERS ARE FORCED TO ACCEPT LOW-SKILL JOBS AS MAIDS,
YAYAS, AND GARDENERS INAFFLUENT SUBURBAN SUBDIVISIONS
D. NON-TAX PAYING PEOPLE IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR ARE CLOSER TO THE SEAT
OF GOVT THAN THE LANDED GENTRY
345. IN URBAN LAND USE MODELS OF THE CHICAGO SCHOOL OF HUMAN ECOLOGY,
THE AFFLUENT AND MIDDLE CLASSES ARE INCLINED TO MOVE AWAY FROM
DOWNTOWN AND INNER-CITY IN FAVOR OF SUBURBAN LOCATIONS AND THIS
PROCESS RESULTS IN A PARADOX OR “SPATIAL MISMATCH” AS REGARDS LABOR.
A. SOPHISTICATED UPPER CLASSES LOCATE IN CITY-EDGES WITH SEMI RURAL

CONDITIONS WHERE NO EMPLOYMENT IS AVAILABLE
B. LOWER CLASSES WHO CANNOT CREATE EMPLOYMENT BY THEMSELVES ARE LEFT
TO OCCUPY HIGH-PRICED LAND IN THE INNER-CORE OF CITIES.
C. BLUE COLLAR WORKERS ARE FORCED TO ACCEPT LOW-SKILL JOBS AS MAIDS,
YAYAS, AND GARDENERS INAFFLUENT SUBURBAN SUBDIVISIONS
D. NON-TAX PAYING PEOPLE IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR ARE CLOSER TO THE SEAT
OF GOVT THAN THE LANDED GENTRY
346. “URBAN DEVELOPMENT” TENDS TO OCCUR ALONG MAJOR
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES BECAUSE:
A. POWER/WATER CONNECTIONS AND OTHER UTILITIES ETC. ARE

NATURALLY LINEAR
B. BUSINESS CANNOT TAKE PLACE WITHOUT ROADS AND VEHICLES
C. MIGRATION USUALLY OCCURS LINEALLY FROM A TO POINT B AS IN
EXODUS, PROCESSIONS OR DIASPORAS
D. PEOPLE TEND TO LOCATE WHERE EXCHANGE, INTERCHANGE AND
ACCESS TO OTHER LAND USES ARE AT THE MAXIMUM
346. “URBAN DEVELOPMENT” TENDS TO OCCUR ALONG MAJOR
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES BECAUSE:
A. POWER/WATER CONNECTIONS AND OTHER UTILITIES ETC. ARE

NATURALLY LINEAR
B. BUSINESS CANNOT TAKE PLACE WITHOUT ROADS AND VEHICLES
C. MIGRATION USUALLY OCCURS LINEALLY FROM A TO POINT B AS IN
EXODUS, PROCESSIONS OR DIASPORAS
D. PEOPLE TEND TO LOCATE WHERE EXCHANGE, INTERCHANGE AND
ACCESS TO OTHER LAND USES ARE AT THE MAXIMUM
347. WHICH THEORIST OF URBAN LAND USE STATES CATEGORICALLY THAT LAND
USE FOLLOWS TRANSPORT IN THE SAME MANNER THAT BOTH POPULATION AND
BUSINESS FOLLOW ROADS.
A. ERNEST BURGESS
B. HOMER HOYT
C. CHAUNCEY HARRIS & EDWARD ULLMAN
D. PIERCE LEWIS
347. WHICH THEORIST OF URBAN LAND USE STATES CATEGORICALLY THAT LAND
USE FOLLOWS TRANSPORT IN THE SAME MANNER THAT BOTH POPULATION AND
BUSINESS FOLLOW ROADS.
A. ERNEST BURGESS
B. HOMER HOYT
C. CHAUNCEY HARRIS & EDWARD ULLMAN
D. PIERCE LEWIS
348. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LAND-USE MODELS DESCRIBES THE PATTERN OF
RADIAL OR AXIAL GROWTH ALONG THE LINES OF LEAST RESISTANCE?
A. MULTIPLE NUCLEI
B. CONCENTRIC ZONE
C. SECTOR MODEL
D. POLYCENTRIC MODEL
348. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LAND-USE MODELS DESCRIBES THE PATTERN OF
RADIAL OR AXIAL GROWTH ALONG THE LINES OF LEAST RESISTANCE?
A. MULTIPLE NUCLEI
B. CONCENTRIC ZONE
C. SECTOR MODEL
D. POLYCENTRIC MODEL
349. IN THE MODEL OF HOMER HOYT, THE SECTIONS OF URBAN LAND WITH THE
HIGHEST VALUES ARE THOSE:
A. DOWNTOWN SECTIONS FACING SEAS, LAKES & NEAR WATERFRONTS

B. ON TOP OF HILLS AND ELEVATED AREAS CALLED “UPTOWNS”
C. IMMEDIATELY AROUND PUBLIC OFFICES/INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR
D. ALONG MAJOR ROADWAYS
349. IN THE MODEL OF HOMER HOYT, THE SECTIONS OF URBAN LAND WITH THE
HIGHEST VALUES ARE THOSE:
A. DOWNTOWN SECTIONS FACING SEAS, LAKES & NEAR WATERFRONTS

B. ON TOP OF HILLS AND ELEVATED AREAS CALLED “UPTOWNS”
C. IMMEDIATELY AROUND PUBLIC OFFICES/INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR
D. ALONG MAJOR ROADWAYS
350. “SOCIAL STATUS DECLINES WITH INCREASING DISTANCE FROM
THE CITY” IS A PROPOSITION ABOUT POOR THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES
THAT CONTRADICTS THE ORIGINAL LAND USE MODELS FROM THE
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF HUMAN ECOLOGY.
A. DONUT MODEL
B. CORE-PERIPHERY DEPENDENCY MODEL
C. POLYCENTRIC MODEL
D. INVERSE CONCENTRIC
350. “SOCIAL STATUS DECLINES WITH INCREASING DISTANCE FROM
THE CITY” IS A PROPOSITION ABOUT POOR THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES
THAT CONTRADICTS THE ORIGINAL LAND USE MODELS FROM THE
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF HUMAN ECOLOGY.
A. DONUT MODEL
B. CORE-PERIPHERY DEPENDENCY MODEL
C. POLYCENTRIC MODEL
D. INVERSE CONCENTRIC
351. ACCORDING TO M. WHITE (1987), THE MORE ECONOMICALLY COMPLEX A
CITY, THE MORE VARIED WOULD BE THE NUMBER OF HIGH GROWTH POINTS, THE
MORE SOCIALLY COMPLEX IT BECOMES, AND THE STRONGER IS ITS TENDENCY
TOWARDS DIFFERENTIATION SUCH AS IN THE CASE OF RESIDENTS SEGREGATING
THEMSELVES INTO “ENCLAVES” ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC LEVEL, SOCIAL STATUS
OR ETHNICITY.
A. BI-POLAR MODEL
B. PALIMPSEST OR MOSAIC MODEL
C. MULTIPLE NUCLEI
D. URBAN LAND NEXUS THEORY
351. ACCORDING TO M. WHITE (1987), THE MORE ECONOMICALLY COMPLEX A
CITY, THE MORE VARIED WOULD BE THE NUMBER OF HIGH GROWTH POINTS, THE
MORE SOCIALLY COMPLEX IT BECOMES, AND THE STRONGER IS ITS TENDENCY
TOWARDS DIFFERENTIATION SUCH AS IN THE CASE OF RESIDENTS SEGREGATING
THEMSELVES INTO “ENCLAVES” ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC LEVEL, SOCIAL STATUS
OR ETHNICITY.
A. BI-POLAR MODEL
B. PALIMPSEST OR MOSAIC MODEL
C. MULTIPLE NUCLEI
D. URBAN LAND NEXUS THEORY
352. ADVANCEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVE
AFFECTED MANY CITIES IN SUCH A WAY THAT INFORMATION-BASED PRODUCTION CAN BE DONE BY
ANYONE, ANYWHERE AT ANYTIME REGARDLESS OF DISTANCE FROM CITY CENTER. WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING IS THE LIKELY SPATIAL FORM ARISING FROM THESE ECONOMIC TRENDS?
A. CYBER-CITY SENDS ALL DIRTY SMOKESTACKS INDUSTRIES TO REMOTE REGIONS

B. CBD BECOMES AN ELONGATED CORRIDOR OR SPINE FOLLOWING THE LINES OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS & ELECTRONIC SERVICES
C. SUBURBAN SUBDIVISIONS FORM A BELT-LIKE EDGE OR NATURAL PERIMETER AROUND THE
MOTHER CITY
D. EDGE CITIES, OFFICE PARKS AND TECHNO-POLES DEVELOP IN VARIOUS PARTS OF A COMPLEX
MOTHER CITY
352. ADVANCEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVE
AFFECTED MANY CITIES IN SUCH A WAY THAT INFORMATION-BASED PRODUCTION CAN BE DONE BY
ANYONE, ANYWHERE AT ANYTIME REGARDLESS OF DISTANCE FROM CITY CENTER. WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING IS THE LIKELY SPATIAL FORM ARISING FROM THESE ECONOMIC TRENDS?
A. CYBER-CITY SENDS ALL DIRTY SMOKESTACKS INDUSTRIES TO REMOTE REGIONS

B. CBD BECOMES AN ELONGATED CORRIDOR OR SPINE FOLLOWING THE LINES OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS & ELECTRONIC SERVICES
C. SUBURBAN SUBDIVISIONS FORM A BELT-LIKE EDGE OR NATURAL PERIMETER AROUND THE
MOTHER CITY
D. EDGE CITIES, OFFICE PARKS AND TECHNO-POLES DEVELOP IN VARIOUS PARTS OF A COMPLEX
MOTHER CITY
353. ACCORDING TO WILBUR RICHARD THOMPSON (1965), ONCE A CITY REACHES A
RESIDENT POPULATION OF 250,000, IT ATTAINS PERMANENCE. CERTAIN CITY
SECTIONS MAY SUFFER DECAY AND DECLINE, BUT THE CITY AS A WHOLE WILL
SURVIVE BECAUSE OF SHEER SIZE AND STRENGTH OF TERTIARY ECONOMY,
INHERENT CAPACITY TO DIVERSIFY AND ITS POLITICAL WEIGHT VIS-À-VIS OTHER
SETTLEMENTS.
A. URBAN LAND LEXUS

B. URBAN RATCHET THEORY
C. URBAN SPIRAL ECONOMY
D. URBAN FORCE MOMENTUM
353. ACCORDING TO WILBUR RICHARD THOMPSON (1965), ONCE A CITY REACHES A
RESIDENT POPULATION OF 250,000, IT ATTAINS PERMANENCE. CERTAIN CITY
SECTIONS MAY SUFFER DECAY AND DECLINE, BUT THE CITY AS A WHOLE WILL
SURVIVE BECAUSE OF SHEER SIZE AND STRENGTH OF TERTIARY ECONOMY,
INHERENT CAPACITY TO DIVERSIFY AND ITS POLITICAL WEIGHT VIS-À-VIS OTHER
SETTLEMENTS.
A. URBAN LAND LEXUS

B. URBAN RATCHET THEORY
C. URBAN SPIRAL ECONOMY
D. URBAN FORCE MOMENTUM
354. BY PLOTTING ON A GRAPH THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM AN
AGGLOMERATION AGAINST THE COSTS OF CONGESTION AND OVER
CONCENTRATION, LEO KLAASEN CONCLUDED THAT “OPTIMUM CITY SIZE” OF A
VIABLE CITY SHOULD BE BETWEEN:
A. 20,000 - 190,000
B. 200,000 - 600,000
C. 700,000 - ONE MILLION
D. ONE MILLION - TWO MILLION
354. BY PLOTTING ON A GRAPH THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM AN
AGGLOMERATION AGAINST THE COSTS OF CONGESTION AND OVER
CONCENTRATION, LEO KLAASEN CONCLUDED THAT “OPTIMUM CITY SIZE” OF A
VIABLE CITY SHOULD BE BETWEEN:
A. 20,000 - 190,000
B. 200,000 - 600,000
C. 700,000 - ONE MILLION
D. ONE MILLION - TWO MILLION
355. THE ORIGINAL CONCEPT OF “MEGALOPOLIS” AS AN EXTENDED OR SUPER –
SIZED URBAN AREA IS ATTRIBUTED TO:
A. JEAN GOTTMAN
B. KONSTANTINOS DOXIADES
C. DENNIS RONDINELLI
D. ANDREAS FALUDI
355. THE ORIGINAL CONCEPT OF “MEGALOPOLIS” AS AN EXTENDED OR SUPER –
SIZED URBAN AREA IS ATTRIBUTED TO:
A. JEAN GOTTMAN
B. KONSTANTINOS DOXIADES
C. DENNIS RONDINELLI
D. ANDREAS FALUDI
356. WHICH CHARACTERISTICS OF MEGALOPOLIS DESCRIBES ITS TENDENCY TO
DEVELOP A MULTI-NODAL SPATIAL PATTERN?
A. IS AN EXPENSIVE URBAN REGION WITH OVER 10 MILLION POPULATIONS (GILES

CLARKE)
B. TENDS TO BE DEPENDENT ON FOOD, WATER AND ENERGY SUPPLIES OF ITS
NEIGHBORING REGIONS
C. HAS COMPLEX FORM AS “MOTHER CITY” BREED’S SMALLER OFFSPRING-CITIES IN
DENDRITIC OR SPRAWLING MANNER
D. REQUIRES BROAD TYPE OF REGIONAL GOVERNANCE BEYOND THE CAPACITY AND
RESOURCES OF A SINGLE LGU AUTHORITY
356. WHICH CHARACTERISTICS OF MEGALOPOLIS DESCRIBES ITS TENDENCY TO
DEVELOP A MULTI-NODAL SPATIAL PATTERN?
A. IS AN EXPENSIVE URBAN REGION WITH OVER 10 MILLION POPULATIONS (GILES

CLARKE)
B. TENDS TO BE DEPENDENT ON FOOD, WATER AND ENERGY SUPPLIES OF ITS
NEIGHBORING REGIONS
C. HAS COMPLEX FORM AS “MOTHER CITY” BREED’S SMALLER OFFSPRING-CITIES IN
DENDRITIC OR SPRAWLING MANNER
D. REQUIRES BROAD TYPE OF REGIONAL GOVERNANCE BEYOND THE CAPACITY AND
RESOURCES OF A SINGLE LGU AUTHORITY
357. THE FOLLOWING ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF A “CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT”.
WHICH ONE INCREASES THE LGU RESPONSIBILITY TO SAFEGUARD THE WELL-BEING
OF PEOPLE, OFTEN BEYOND THE CAPABILITIES OF A SINGLE LOCAL AUTHORITY:
A. LARGE CONCENTRATION OF OFFICE AND RETAIL ACTIVITIES.

B. SIGNIFICANTLY LARGE NUMBER OF TERTIARY AND SERVICE JOBS GENERATED
C. HIGH PRICE OF LAND FORCES PROPERTY OWNERS TO BUILD HIGH
D. LARGE REGULAR INFLOW AND OUTFLOW OF MOTORIST; DAYTIME POPULATION
HIGHER THAN NIGHTIME POPULATION
357. THE FOLLOWING ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF A “CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT”.
WHICH ONE INCREASES THE LGU RESPONSIBILITY TO SAFEGUARD THE WELL-BEING
OF PEOPLE, OFTEN BEYOND THE CAPABILITIES OF A SINGLE LOCAL AUTHORITY:
A. LARGE CONCENTRATION OF OFFICE AND RETAIL ACTIVITIES.

B. SIGNIFICANTLY LARGE NUMBER OF TERTIARY AND SERVICE JOBS GENERATED
C. HIGH PRICE OF LAND FORCES PROPERTY OWNERS TO BUILD HIGH
D. LARGE REGULAR INFLOW AND OUTFLOW OF MOTORIST; DAYTIME POPULATION
HIGHER THAN NIGHTIME POPULATION
358. NOT ALL MEGA-CITIES BECOME “WORLD CITIES”. ACCORDING TO DAVID SIMON IN WORLD CITY
HYPOTHESIS (1996), THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA DETERMINE HOW A CITY REACHES TIER-1 STATUS.
WHICH CRITERION IS PURSUED AS CITIES “DE-INDUSTRIALIZE” BY BANISHING DIRTY SMOKESTACK
INDUSTRIES FROM THEIR TERRITORIES IN THE CONTEST TO ACHIEVE “GREATER GLOBAL
COMPETITIVENESS”.
A. “EXISTENCE OF A SOPHISTICATED FINANCIAL AND SERVICE COMPLEX SERVING A GLOBAL

CLIENTELE
B. “LEVEL OF INTL. NETWORKS OF CAPITAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FLOWS
C. “LARGE NUMBER OF HEADQUARTERS OF INTL. INSTITUTIONS
D. ‘QUALITY OF LIFE CONDUCIVE TO ATTRACTING INVESTORS AND RETAINING SKILLED
INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS
358. NOT ALL MEGA-CITIES BECOME “WORLD CITIES”. ACCORDING TO DAVID SIMON IN WORLD CITY
HYPOTHESIS (1996), THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA DETERMINE HOW A CITY REACHES TIER-1 STATUS.
WHICH CRITERION IS PURSUED AS CITIES “DE-INDUSTRIALIZE” BY BANISHING DIRTY SMOKESTACK
INDUSTRIES FROM THEIR TERRITORIES IN THE CONTEST TO ACHIEVE “GREATER GLOBAL
COMPETITIVENESS”.
A. “EXISTENCE OF A SOPHISTICATED FINANCIAL AND SERVICE COMPLEX SERVING A GLOBAL

CLIENTELE
B. “LEVEL OF INTL. NETWORKS OF CAPITAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FLOWS
C. “LARGE NUMBER OF HEADQUARTERS OF INTL. INSTITUTIONS
D. ‘QUALITY OF LIFE CONDUCIVE TO ATTRACTING INVESTORS AND RETAINING SKILLED
INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS
359. THIS PROCESS DEALS WITH EFFICIENT PLACEMENT OF ACTIVITIES AND LAND
USES SUCH AS FARMS, SETTLEMENTS, INDUSTRIES, TRANSPORT HUBS,
INFRASTRUCTURE, WILDERNESS ETC. ACROSS A SIGNIFICANTLY LARGE AREA
BROADER THAN A SINGLE CITY OR TOWN.
A. WATERSHED PLANNING
B. AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
C. REGIONAL PLANNING
D. PHYSICAL PLANNING
359. THIS PROCESS DEALS WITH EFFICIENT PLACEMENT OF ACTIVITIES AND LAND
USES SUCH AS FARMS, SETTLEMENTS, INDUSTRIES, TRANSPORT HUBS,
INFRASTRUCTURE, WILDERNESS ETC. ACROSS A SIGNIFICANTLY LARGE AREA
BROADER THAN A SINGLE CITY OR TOWN.
A. WATERSHED PLANNING
B. AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
C. REGIONAL PLANNING
D. PHYSICAL PLANNING
360. KLAASEN ENUMERATES THE CRITERIA FOR CREATING PLANNING
REGIONS AS FOLLOWS. WHICH CRITERION PERTAINS TO THE ROLE OF A
LEADING CENTER OR A COMPLEX OF EXPORTING FIRMS OR LEAD
INDUSTRIES?
A. “MUST BE LARGE ENOUGH TO TAKE INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF AN

ECONOMIC SIZE
B. “MUST BE ABLE TO SUPPLY ITS OWN INDUSTRIES WITH NECESSARY LABOR
C. “SHOULD HAVE A HOMOGENOUS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
D. “MUST CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE GROWTH POINT
E. “MUST HAVE A COMMON APPROACH TO AND AWARENESS OF ITS OWN
PROBLEMS
360. KLAASEN ENUMERATES THE CRITERIA FOR CREATING PLANNING
REGIONS AS FOLLOWS. WHICH CRITERION PERTAINS TO THE ROLE OF A
LEADING CENTER OR A COMPLEX OF EXPORTING FIRMS OR LEAD
INDUSTRIES?
A. “MUST BE LARGE ENOUGH TO TAKE INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF AN

ECONOMIC SIZE
B. “MUST BE ABLE TO SUPPLY ITS OWN INDUSTRIES WITH NECESSARY LABOR
C. “SHOULD HAVE A HOMOGENOUS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
D. “MUST CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE GROWTH POINT
E. “MUST HAVE A COMMON APPROACH TO AND AWARENESS OF ITS OWN
PROBLEMS
361. WHICH THRUST OF REGIONAL PLANNING ADDRESSES CORE-PERIPHERY,
CENTER-HINTERLAND ECONOMIC EXCHANGE & SPATIAL INTEGRATION?
A. ENFORCE URBAN GROWTH CONTROL SUCH AS GREENBELTS OR ANALOGOUS

SCHEMES TO PROTECT THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
B. CULTIVATE A ROLE FOR EACH COMPONENT-SETTLEMENT SUCH AS
ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER, MANUFACTURING HUB, TOURISM ZONE, ETC.
C. DEVELOP TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN “HUB AND SPOKES DESIGN” WITH MAJOR
INFRASTRUCTURE REACHING OUT TO POPULATION CENTERS
D. RESIST DEVELOPMENT IN FLOOD PLAINS OR EARTHQUAKE FAULT ZONES BY
UTILIZING THESE AREAS AS PARKS, FARMS, BUFFERS, ETC.
361. WHICH THRUST OF REGIONAL PLANNING ADDRESSES CORE-PERIPHERY,
CENTER-HINTERLAND ECONOMIC EXCHANGE & SPATIAL INTEGRATION?
A. ENFORCE URBAN GROWTH CONTROL SUCH AS GREENBELTS OR ANALOGOUS

SCHEMES TO PROTECT THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
B. CULTIVATE A ROLE FOR EACH COMPONENT-SETTLEMENT SUCH AS
ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER, MANUFACTURING HUB, TOURISM ZONE, ETC.
C. DEVELOP TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN “HUB AND SPOKES DESIGN” WITH MAJOR
INFRASTRUCTURE REACHING OUT TO POPULATION CENTERS
D. RESIST DEVELOPMENT IN FLOOD PLAINS OR EARTHQUAKE FAULT ZONES BY
UTILIZING THESE AREAS AS PARKS, FARMS, BUFFERS, ETC.
362. WHICH CONCERN OF “REGIONAL PLANNING” PERTAINS TO INSTITUTIONAL
CAPACITATION OF LOCAL GOVT, AND THE APPROPRIATE DISTRIBUTION OF
AUTHORITY AMONG THEM?
A. SPATIAL INTEGRATION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

B. COMPLEMENTATION AMONG AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY OTHER SECTORS
C. BALANCED DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
D. FEDERALISM AND DECENTRALIZATION OF
E. EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES AMONG PLACES
F. REDUCTION OF ECONOMIC DISPARITIES AMING REGIONS DEVELOPMENT
362. WHICH CONCERN OF “REGIONAL PLANNING” PERTAINS TO INSTITUTIONAL
CAPACITATION OF LOCAL GOVT, AND THE APPROPRIATE DISTRIBUTION OF
AUTHORITY AMONG THEM?
A. SPATIAL INTEGRATION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS

B. COMPLEMENTATION AMONG AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY OTHER SECTORS
C. BALANCED DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
D. FEDERALISM AND DECENTRALIZATION OF
E. EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES AMONG PLACES
F. REDUCTION OF ECONOMIC DISPARITIES AMING REGIONS DEVELOPMENT
363. A REGION THAT IS DEFINED BY COMMON PHYSICAL FEATURES SUCH AS
RESOURCES BASE, LAKE, COAST, ECOSYSTEM IS CALLED “NATURAL OR
ECOLOGICAL REGION”, WHILE THAT WHICH IS DEFINED BY EXTENT OF
ECONOMIC CONNECTEDNESS OR MARKET EXCHANGE IS CALLED A
“FUNCTIONAL REGION”; THAT WHICH IS CREATED BY LAW REGARDLESS OF
NATURAL OR ECONOMIC COMMONALITY IS CALLED:
A. HOMOGENOUS REGION
B. FORMAL REGION
C. HISTORIC REGION
D. VIRTUA REGION
363. A REGION THAT IS DEFINED BY COMMON PHYSICAL FEATURES SUCH AS
RESOURCES BASE, LAKE, COAST, ECOSYSTEM IS CALLED “NATURAL OR
ECOLOGICAL REGION”, WHILE THAT WHICH IS DEFINED BY EXTENT OF
ECONOMIC CONNECTEDNESS OR MARKET EXCHANGE IS CALLED A
“FUNCTIONAL REGION”; THAT WHICH IS CREATED BY LAW REGARDLESS OF
NATURAL OR ECONOMIC COMMONALITY IS CALLED:
A. HOMOGENOUS REGION
B. FORMAL REGION
C. HISTORIC REGION
D. VIRTUA REGION
364. EARLIEST REGIONAL PLANNING MODELS IN USA IN 1933 REVOLVED AROUND
TENNESSE VALLEY, DALLAS PLAIN, COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN, COLORADO RIVER, ST.
LAWRENCE SEAWAY, DELWARE RIVER, CHEASPEAKE BAY WATERSHED, WHICH ARE
ESSENTIALLY:
A. CULTURAL OR ETHNO-LINGUISTIC REGIONS

B. DELTAIC RIVERINE REGIONS
C. NATURAL REGIONS
D. CROSS BORDER REGIONS
364. EARLIEST REGIONAL PLANNING MODELS IN USA IN 1933 REVOLVED AROUND
TENNESSE VALLEY, DALLAS PLAIN, COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN, COLORADO RIVER, ST.
LAWRENCE SEAWAY, DELWARE RIVER, CHEASPEAKE BAY WATERSHED, WHICH ARE
ESSENTIALLY:
A. CULTURAL OR ETHNO-LINGUISTIC REGIONS

B. DELTAIC RIVERINE REGIONS
C. NATURAL REGIONS
D. CROSS BORDER REGIONS
365. ALTHOUGH THEORETICALLY AND DEFINITIONALLY FLAWED, “SUPER-REGION”
AS CONCEIVED BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRES. GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
SOUGHT TO BUILD UPON PERCEIVED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF A CLUSTER OF
TERRITORIES SUCH AS AGRI-PROCESSING, TOURISM, COMMODITY LOGISTICS
CHAIN, OR CYBER-SERVICES. WHICH “SUPER-REGION” OUGHT TO FOCUS ON ‘AGRI-
BUSINESS”?
A. NORTHERN LUZON QUADRANGLE

B. METRO MANILA URBAN BELTWAY
C. CALABARZON INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND
D. CENTRAL PHILS (VISAYAS, PALAWAN AND PARTS OF MINDANAO)
E. SUBIC-CLARK FREEPORT COMPLEX
F. BANGSA MORO JURIDICAL AUTHORITY
365. ALTHOUGH THEORETICALLY AND DEFINITIONALLY FLAWED, “SUPER-REGION”
AS CONCEIVED BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRES. GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
SOUGHT TO BUILD UPON PERCEIVED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF A CLUSTER OF
TERRITORIES SUCH AS AGRI-PROCESSING, TOURISM, COMMODITY LOGISTICS
CHAIN, OR CYBER-SERVICES. WHICH “SUPER-REGION” OUGHT TO FOCUS ON ‘AGRI-
BUSINESS” ?
A. NORTHERN LUZON QUADRANGLE

B. METRO MANILA URBAN BELTWAY
C. CALABARZON INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND
D. CENTRAL PHILS (VISAYAS, PALAWAN AND PARTS OF MINDANAO)
E. SUBIC-CLARK FREEPORT COMPLEX
F. BANGSA MORO JURIDICAL AUTHORITY
366. THE “CENTER-DOWN” PARADIGM OF NEO-CLASSICAL ECONOMICS OF THE
1960s ASSUMED THAT BENEFITS FROM MACRO-LEVEL OR MACRO-ECONOMIC
GROWTH TEND TO____ TO COMPONENT REGIONS AND LOWER-LEVEL
COMMUNITIES.
A. CASCADE
B. SPRINKLE AROUND IN SPROUTS
C. POUR DOWN
D. TRICKLE DOWN
366. THE “CENTER-DOWN” PARADIGM OF NEO-CLASSICAL ECONOMICS OF THE
1960s ASSUMED THAT BENEFITS FROM MACRO-LEVEL OR MACRO-ECONOMIC
GROWTH TEND TO____ TO COMPONENT REGIONS AND LOWER-LEVEL
COMMUNITIES.
A. CASCADE
B. SPRINKLE AROUND IN SPROUTS
C. POUR DOWN
D. TRICKLE DOWN
367. IN JOHN FRIEDMAN’S (1966,1973) TAXONOMY OF REGIONS ACCORDING TO
ECONOMIC CONDITION, WHICH REFERS TO “LAGGING REGIONS”?
A. CORE REGIONS
B. UPWARD TRANSITIONAL AREAS
C. RESOURCE FRONTIER AREAS
D. DOWNWARD TRANSITIONAL AREAS
E. SPECIAL PROBLEM AREAS
F. LATIFUNDO-MINIFUNDO
367. IN JOHN FRIEDMAN’S (1966,1973) TAXONOMY OF REGIONS ACCORDING TO
ECONOMIC CONDITION, WHICH REFERS TO “LAGGING REGIONS” ?
A. CORE REGIONS
B. UPWARD TRANSITIONAL AREAS
C. RESOURCE FRONTIER AREAS
D. DOWNWARD TRANSITIONAL AREAS
E. SPECIAL PROBLEM AREAS
F. LATIFUNDO-MINIFUNDO
368. ACCORDING TO ECONOMIST THEODORE SCHULTZ, JACOB MINCER AND GARY
S. BECKER, THIS COLLECTIVE TERM FOR PEOPLE’S “EMBODIED” ASSETS SUCH AS
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, GOOD HEALTH, ATTITUDES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL
QUALITIES, DETERMINES HOW A LOCAL COMMUNITY OR REGION ABSORBS NEW
TECHNOLOGIES, EXPANDS PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND GENERATES OWN
PROGRESS.
A. SEVEN DOMAINS OF INTELLIGENCE

B. INTELLECTUAL QUOTIENT
C. MANGERIAL APTITUDE
D. HUMAN CAPITAL
368. ACCORDING TO ECONOMIST THEODORE SCHULTZ, JACOB MINCER AND GARY
S. BECKER, THIS COLLECTIVE TERM FOR PEOPLE’S “EMBODIED” ASSETS SUCH AS
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, GOOD HEALTH, ATTITUDES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL
QUALITIES, DETERMINES HOW A LOCAL COMMUNITY OR REGION ABSORBS NEW
TECHNOLOGIES, EXPANDS PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND GENERATES OWN
PROGRESS.
A. SEVEN DOMAINS OF INTELLIGENCE

B. INTELLECTUAL QUOTIENT
C. MANGERIAL APTITUDE
D. HUMAN CAPITAL
369. THE PHENOMENON OF “URBAN PRIMACY” MOSTLY IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES WHEREIN A
SINGLE METROPOLIS CORNERS A DISPROPORTIONATE SHARE OF A COUNTRY’S POPULATION,
RESOURCES AND INVESTMENTS BY REASON OF HISTORICAL OR POLITICAL PRECEDENCE OR AS A
RESULT OF FOREIGN COLONIAL INFLUENCE, IS ALSO CALLED “MANILA IMPERIALISM” IN THE
PHILIPPINES.
A. IT IS DESIRABLE BECAUSE OF EFFICIENT USE OF SPACE AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE

B. IT PROVES THAT BENEFITS FROM AGGLOMERATION OUTWEIGH THE DISBENEFITS FROM
CONGESTION AND OVER-CONCENTRATION
C. IT DEMONSTRATES THAT THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES REMAINS AS COLONIES OF WESTERN
IMPERIALIST POWERS
D. IT SHOWS POLARIZATION WITHIN A COUNTRY SIPHONING OFF THE ECONOMIC ASSETS AND
HUMAN TALENT FROM THE ‘HINTERLAND’
369. THE PHENOMENON OF “URBAN PRIMACY” MOSTLY IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES WHEREIN A
SINGLE METROPOLIS CORNERS A DISPROPORTIONATE SHARE OF A COUNTRY’S POPULATION,
RESOURCES AND INVESTMENTS BY REASON OF HISTORICAL OR POLITICAL PRECEDENCE OR AS A
RESULT OF FOREIGN COLONIAL INFLUENCE, IS ALSO CALLED “MANILA IMPERIALISM” IN THE
PHILIPPINES.
A. IT IS DESIRABLE BECAUSE OF EFFICIENT USE OF SPACE AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE

B. IT PROVES THAT BENEFITS FROM AGGLOMERATION OUTWEIGH THE DISBENEFITS FROM
CONGESTION AND OVER-CONCENTRATION
C. IT DEMONSTRATES THAT THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES REMAINS AS COLONIES OF WESTERN
IMPERIALIST POWERS
D. IT SHOWS POLARIZATION WITHIN A COUNTRY SIPHONING OFF THE ECONOMIC ASSETS AND
HUMAN TALENT FROM THE ‘HINTERLAND’
370. THE TWIN STRATEGY OF “CONCENTRATED DECENTRALIZATION” AND
“INDUSTRIAL DISPERSAL” TO CORRECT URBAN PRIMACY AND INTER-REGIONAL
DIVERGENCIES IN THE PHILS WAS BEGUN UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF
PRESIDENT:
A. CARLOS P. GARCIA
B. FERDINAND MARCOS
C. CORAZON AQUINO
D. FIDEL RAMOS
E. GLORIA M. ARROYO
370. THE TWIN STRATEGY OF “CONCENTRATED DECENTRALIZATION” AND
“INDUSTRIAL DISPERSAL” TO CORRECT URBAN PRIMACY AND INTER-REGIONAL
DIVERGENCIES IN THE PHILS WAS BEGUN UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF
PRESIDENT:
A. CARLOS P. GARCIA
B. FERDINAND MARCOS
C. CORAZON AQUINO
D. FIDEL RAMOS
E. GLORIA M. ARROYO
371. ACCORDING TO RA-8749, THIS GEOGRAPHIC-BASED DOCUMENT INTEGRATES
PRIMARY DATA AND INFORMATION ON NATURAL RESOURCES AND
ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON THE LAND AS EVALUATED USING VARIOUS RISK
ASSESSMENT AND FORECASTING METHODOLOGIES AND EVALUATES
ENVIRONMENT QUALITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF AN AREA IN SUCH A WAY
THAT ENABLES PLANNERS AND GOVT DECISION-MAKERS TO ANTICIPATE THE TYPE
OF CONTROL NECESSARY IN THE PLANNING AREA.
A. NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY

B. ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING!
C. BIOGEOGRAPHIC COMPENDIUM
D. ECO-PROFILE
371. ACCORDING TO RA-8749, THIS GEOGRAPHIC-BASED DOCUMENT INTEGRATES
PRIMARY DATA AND INFORMATION ON NATURAL RESOURCES AND
ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON THE LAND AS EVALUATED USING VARIOUS RISK
ASSESSMENT AND FORECASTING METHODOLOGIES AND EVALUATES
ENVIRONMENT QUALITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF AN AREA IN SUCH A WAY
THAT ENABLES PLANNERS AND GOVT DECISION-MAKERS TO ANTICIPATE THE TYPE
OF CONTROL NECESSARY IN THE PLANNING AREA.
A. NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY

B. ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING!
C. BIOGEOGRAPHIC COMPENDIUM
D. ECO-PROFILE
372. IN THE SEPP, “GEOLOGY COVERS SUBSURFACE CONDITONS, SEISMIC FAULTS
LINES, BEDROCK AND MINERALS”, WHILE “PATTERNS OF PRECIPITATION,
TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND WIND” ARE DISCUSSED UNDER:
A. ATMOSPHERIC AND ASTRO-PHYSICAL SCIENCES

B. HYDROLOGY!
C. CLIMATE
D. AGRONECOLOGY
372. IN THE SEPP, “GEOLOGY COVERS SUBSURFACE CONDITONS, SEISMIC FAULTS
LINES, BEDROCK AND MINERALS”, WHILE “PATTERNS OF PRECIPITATION,
TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND WIND” ARE DISCUSSED UNDER:
A. ATMOSPHERIC AND ASTRO-PHYSICAL SCIENCES

B. HYDROLOGY!
C. CLIMATE
D. AGRONECOLOGY
373. THIS PROCESS DEFINES THE PHYSICAL PLATFORM OF DEVELOPMENT AT
THE LOCAL LEVEL AND PROCEEDS BY SYSTEMATICALLY EVALUATING
ALTERNATIVE PATTERNS OF RESOURCE USE, CHOOSING THAT USE WHICH
MEETS SPECIFIED GOALS, AND DRAWING-UP APPROPRIATE POLICIES AND
PROGRAMS, DIRECTED TO THE BEST USE OF THE LAND IN VIEW OF ACCEPTED
OBJECTIVES AND OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL OPPORTUNITIES AND
CONSTRAINTS.
A. FRAMEWORK PLANNING
B. STRATEGIC PLANNING
C. LAND USE PLANNING
D. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
373. THIS PROCESS DEFINES THE PHYSICAL PLATFORM OF DEVELOPMENT AT
THE LOCAL LEVEL AND PROCEEDS BY SYSTEMATICALLY EVALUATING
ALTERNATIVE PATTERNS OF RESOURCE USE, CHOOSING THAT USE WHICH
MEETS SPECIFIED GOALS, AND DRAWING-UP APPROPRIATE POLICIES AND
PROGRAMS, DIRECTED TO THE BEST USE OF THE LAND IN VIEW OF ACCEPTED
OBJECTIVES AND OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL OPPORTUNITIES AND
CONSTRAINTS.
A. FRAMEWORK PLANNING
B. STRATEGIC PLANNING
C. LAND USE PLANNING
D. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
374. THIS DOCUMENT CONSISTS OF SPECIFIC PROPOSALS TO GUIDE GROWTH IN A
LOCALITY INCLUDING STATEMENTS ABOUT COMMUNITY GOALS, PRIORITIES,
STRATEGIES AND SOCIALLY-DESIRED MIX OF RESOURCES USES. THESE ARE
ILLUSTRATED BY MAPS, DIAGRAMS, CHARTS, TABLES THAT SHOWS A COHERENT
SPATIAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, ECONOMIC PRODUCTION,
SETTLEMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE.
A. CHARETTE
B. CHAT ROULETTE
C. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
D. STRATEGIC PLAN
E. FRAMEWORK PLAN
374. THIS DOCUMENT CONSISTS OF SPECIFIC PROPOSALS TO GUIDE GROWTH IN A
LOCALITY INCLUDING STATEMENTS ABOUT COMMUNITY GOALS, PRIORITIES,
STRATEGIES AND SOCIALLY-DESIRED MIX OF RESOURCES USES. THESE ARE
ILLUSTRATED BY MAPS, DIAGRAMS, CHARTS, TABLES THAT SHOWS A COHERENT
SPATIAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, ECONOMIC PRODUCTION,
SETTLEMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE.
A. CHARETTE
B. CHAT ROULETTE
C. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
D. STRATEGIC PLAN
E. FRAMEWORK PLAN
375. IN CONTRAST TO THE LONG-TERM SKELETAL-CIRCULATORY FRAMEWORK, THIS
IS THE OVERALL MEDIUM-TERM ACTION PLAN UTILIZED BY EVERY LOCAL
ADMINISTRATION TO DEVELOP SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND
IMPLEMENT SECTORAL, CROSS-SECTORAL AND MULIT-SECTORAL PROGRAMS TO BE
TRANSLATED INTO PUBLIC INVESTMENT MEASURES AND INCENTIVES TO PRIVATE
INVESTMENT.
A. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

B. BLUEPRINT
C. COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
D. MASTER PLAN
375. IN CONTRAST TO THE LONG-TERM SKELETAL-CIRCULATORY FRAMEWORK, THIS
IS THE OVERALL MEDIUM-TERM ACTION PLAN UTILIZED BY EVERY LOCAL
ADMINISTRATION TO DEVELOP SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND
IMPLEMENT SECTORAL, CROSS-SECTORAL AND MULIT-SECTORAL PROGRAMS TO BE
TRANSLATED INTO PUBLIC INVESTMENT MEASURES AND INCENTIVES TO PRIVATE
INVESTMENT.
A. COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

B. BLUEPRINT
C. COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
D. MASTER PLAN
376. THIS REFERS TO ANY LARGE-SCALE MASTER-PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
WHICH INCLUDES HOUSING, WORK PLACES AND RELATED FACILITIES WITHIN
A SELF-CONTAINED SET-UP, BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT IT CAN BE
BUILT FROM ZERO, MORE OR LESS.
A. FREIBURG OR FREETOWN
B. BOROUGH
C. NEW TOWN
D. COUNTRY ESTATE
E. ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARK
376. THIS REFERS TO ANY LARGE-SCALE MASTER-PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
WHICH INCLUDES HOUSING, WORK PLACES AND RELATED FACILITIES WITHIN
A SELF-CONTAINED SET-UP, BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT IT CAN BE
BUILT FROM ZERO, MORE OR LESS.
A. FREIBURG OR FREETOWN
B. BOROUGH
C. NEW TOWN
D. COUNTRY ESTATE
E. ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARK
377. AN ESSENTIAL PART OF LAND-USE PLANNING, THIS ACTIVITY OCCURS
AFTER STRATEGIC PLANNING BUT BEFORE THE DETAILED LAYOUT OF
LOCATION AND AIMS TO CHARACTERIZE AND DESIGN A PARCEL OF LAND OR
SPECIFIC SECTION OF TOWN SO THAT IT CAN FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY IN
RELATION TO THE COMPLEXITY AND SCALE OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
AND THE RANGE OF LAND USES AROUND IT.
A. ESTATE PLANNING
B. WARDS AND PRECINTS PLANNING
C. PARCELLARY PLANNING
D. SITE PLANNING
E. PROJECT PLANNING
377. AN ESSENTIAL PART OF LAND-USE PLANNING, THIS ACTIVITY OCCURS
AFTER STRATEGIC PLANNING BUT BEFORE THE DETAILED LAYOUT OF
LOCATION AND AIMS TO CHARACTERIZE AND DESIGN A PARCEL OF LAND OR
SPECIFIC SECTION OF TOWN SO THAT IT CAN FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY IN
RELATION TO THE COMPLEXITY AND SCALE OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
AND THE RANGE OF LAND USES AROUND IT.
A. ESTATE PLANNING
B. WARDS AND PRECINTS PLANNING
C. PARCELLARY PLANNING
D. SITE PLANNING
E. PROJECT PLANNING
378. THIS CONCERNS THE ARRANGEMENT, APPEARANCE AND FUCNTIONALITY OF A
WHOLE TOWN OR CITY, IN PARTICULAR THE SHAPE AND FORM OF THE CITY
BLOCKS, THE USES OF PUBLIC SPACE, THE ARTICULATION OF PHYSICAL FETURES IN
THREE DIMENSIONS, SO THAT RESIDENTS AND VISITORS ALIKE CAN MAKE HIGH-
QUALITY CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE, PLACES AND BUILDINGS.
A. ARCHITECTURAL MASTERPLAN
B. CITYSCAPE AND STREETSCAPE
C. URBAN DESIGN
D. FORM AND STYLE
E. VISUAL PANORAMA
378. THIS CONCERNS THE ARRANGEMENT, APPEARANCE AND FUCNTIONALITY OF A
WHOLE TOWN OR CITY, IN PARTICULAR THE SHAPE AND FORM OF THE CITY
BLOCKS, THE USES OF PUBLIC SPACE, THE ARTICULATION OF PHYSICAL FETURES IN
THREE DIMENSIONS, SO THAT RESIDENTS AND VISITORS ALIKE CAN MAKE HIGH-
QUALITY CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE, PLACES AND BUILDINGS.
A. ARCHITECTURAL MASTERPLAN
B. CITYSCAPE AND STREETSCAPE
C. URBAN DESIGN
D. FORM AND STYLE
E. VISUAL PANORAMA
379. IT IS AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT WHEREIN A DEFINED AREA IS
COMPREHENSIVELY PLANNED AS A UNITARY ENTITY SUCH THAT
INNOVATIONS IN SITE DESIGN AND BUILDING DESIGN ARE REWARDED BY
THE GOVT WITH SOME FLEXIBILITY IN ZONING, USUALLY RELAXATION OF
STANDARDS OR THEIR REPLACEMENT WITH NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT
BETWEEN THE DEVELOPER AND THE LGU.
A. ENTERPRISES ZONE
B. SITES AND SERVICES MODEL
C. ZONAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM
D. PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
379. IT IS AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT WHEREIN A DEFINED AREA IS
COMPREHENSIVELY PLANNED AS A UNITARY ENTITY SUCH THAT
INNOVATIONS IN SITE DESIGN AND BUILDING DESIGN ARE REWARDED BY
THE GOVT WITH SOME FLEXIBILITY IN ZONING, USUALLY RELAXATION OF
STANDARDS OR THEIR REPLACEMENT WITH NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT
BETWEEN THE DEVELOPER AND THE LGU.
A. ENTERPRISES ZONE
B. SITES AND SERVICES MODEL
C. ZONAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM
D. PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
380. IF LANDS WITH SLOPE BETWEEN 18% - 30% CONSTITUTE 45% OF TOTAL LAND
AREA, THOSE WITH THE SLOPE ABOVE 30% CONSTITUTE 8%, WHAT PERCENT OF
PHIL. GROSS LAND AREA IS GENERALLY DESCRIBED AS “ALIENABLE AND
DISPOSABLE”?
A. ROUGHLY 47%
B. ROUGHLY 53%
C. ROUGHLY 43%
D. ROUGHLY 57%
380. IF LANDS WITH SLOPE BETWEEN 18% - 30% CONSTITUTE 45% OF TOTAL LAND
AREA, THOSE WITH THE SLOPE ABOVE 30% CONSTITUTE 8%, WHAT PERCENT OF
PHIL. GROSS LAND AREA IS GENERALLY DESCRIBED AS “ALIENABLE AND
DISPOSABLE”?
A. ROUGHLY 47%
B. ROUGHLY 53%
C. ROUGHLY 43%
D. ROUGHLY 57%
381. “LAND USE” AND “LAND CLASSIFICATION” ARE:
A. THE SAME
B. MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
C. “LAND! CLASSIFICATION” IS PROPER TERM FOR LEGAL AND BUREAUCRATIC
TRANSACTIONS WHILE “LAND USE” IS USED FOR BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS.
D. “LAND CLASSIFICATION” IS A SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTUAL SCHEME WHILE” LAND
USE” REFERS TO ACTUAL UTILIZATION OR “CONSUMPTION” OF LAND.
381. “LAND USE” AND “LAND CLASSIFICATION” ARE:
A. THE SAME
B. MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
C. “LAND! CLASSIFICATION” IS PROPER TERM FOR LEGAL AND BUREAUCRATIC
TRANSACTIONS WHILE “LAND USE” IS USED FOR BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS.
D. “LAND CLASSIFICATION” IS A SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTUAL SCHEME WHILE” LAND
USE” REFERS TO ACTUAL UTILIZATION OR “CONSUMPTION” OF LAND.
382. “LAND USE“ HAS TO BE PLANNED FOR THE COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE
BECAUSE THE CONSERVATION OF SOIL, WATER AND OTHER NATURAL RESOURCES
IS OFTEN BEYOND THE MEANS OF INDIVIDUAL LAND USER.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. TRUE ONLY FOR CLOSED SOCIETIES AND SOCIALIST ECONOMIES BUT NOT FOR
FREE MARKET SOCIETIES.
D. PARTIALLY FALSE BECAUSE ‘FREE MARKET FORCES’ ALWAYS KNOW BETTER HOW
TO APPORTION LAND.
382. “LAND USE“ HAS TO BE PLANNED FOR THE COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE
BECAUSE THE CONSERVATION OF SOIL, WATER AND OTHER NATURAL RESOURCES
IS OFTEN BEYOND THE MEANS OF INDIVIDUAL LAND USER.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. TRUE ONLY FOR CLOSED SOCIETIES AND SOCIALIST ECONOMIES BUT NOT FOR
FREE MARKET SOCIETIES.
D. PARTIALLY FALSE BECAUSE ‘FREE MARKET FORCES’ ALWAYS KNOW BETTER HOW
TO APPORTION LAND.
383. WHICH STATEMENT ABOUT ‘LAND SUITABILITY” IS TRUE, BASED ON DEFINITION FROM
US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZATION?
A. ‘LAND CAPABILITY’ REFERS TO THE ‘CARRYING CAPACITY’ OF LAND WHILE ‘LAND

SUITABILITY’ REFERS TO ‘APPROPRIATENESS’ OF LAND FOR HUMAN USE AND HABITATION.
B. ‘LAND!CAPABILITY’ REFERS TO APPROPRIATENESS OF LAND FOR ENGINEERING AND
PHYSICAL INTERVENTION WHILE ‘LAND SUITABILITY’ REFERS TO APPROPRIATENESS FOR
NATURAL PRODUCTION.
C. ‘LAND CAPABILITY’ REFERS TO THE BROADEST USES OF LAND FOR URBAN
DEVELOPMENT WHILE ‘LAND SUITABILITY’ REFERS TO ITS FITNESS FOR RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
D. ‘LAND CAPABILITY’ IS THE BROAD INHERENT CAPACITY OF THE LAND TO PERFORM AT A
GIVEN LEVEL FOR GENERAL USE, WHILE ‘LAND SUITABILITY’ IS THE ADAPTABILITY OF A
GIVEN LAND FOR A SPECIFIC KIND OF LAND USE, USUALLY FARM CROPS.
383. WHICH STATEMENT ABOUT ‘LAND SUITABILITY” IS TRUE, BASED ON DEFINITION FROM
US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZATION?
A. ‘LAND CAPABILITY’ REFERS TO THE ‘CARRYING CAPACITY’ OF LAND WHILE ‘LAND

SUITABILITY’ REFERS TO ‘APPROPRIATENESS’ OF LAND FOR HUMAN USE AND HABITATION.
B. ‘LAND!CAPABILITY’ REFERS TO APPROPRIATENESS OF LAND FOR ENGINEERING AND
PHYSICAL INTERVENTION WHILE ‘LAND SUITABILITY’ REFERS TO APPROPRIATENESS FOR
NATURAL PRODUCTION.
C. ‘LAND CAPABILITY’ REFERS TO THE BROADEST USES OF LAND FOR URBAN
DEVELOPMENT WHILE ‘LAND SUITABILITY’ REFERS TO ITS FITNESS FOR RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
D. ‘LAND CAPABILITY’ IS THE BROAD INHERENT CAPACITY OF THE LAND TO PERFORM AT A
GIVEN LEVEL FOR GENERAL USE, WHILE ‘LAND SUITABILITY’ IS THE ADAPTABILITY OF A
GIVEN LAND FOR A SPECIFIC KIND OF LAND USE, USUALLY FARM CROPS.
384. WHICH IS NOT CONSIDERED ‘PRODUCTION LAND’ IN A PHILIPPINES LGU?
A. AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
B. CROPLAND
C. ORCHARD
D. FISHPOND
E. FISH PEN
384. WHICH IS NOT CONSIDERED ‘PRODUCTION LAND’ IN A PHILIPPINES LGU?
A. AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
B. CROPLAND
C. ORCHARD
D. FISHPOND
E. FISH PEN
385. WHICH TYPE OF LAND USE IS NOT DESCRIBED AS ‘URBAN’?
A. RESIDENTIAL
B. INSTITUTIONAL
C. INDUSTRIAL
D. MINERAL
385. WHICH TYPE OF LAND USE IS NOT DESCRIBED AS ‘URBAN’?
A. RESIDENTIAL
B. INSTITUTIONAL
C. INDUSTRIAL
D. MINERAL
386. WHICH TYPE OF LAND USE IS MOST EASILY REVERSIBLE OR CONVERTIBLE TO
ITS ORIGINAL STATE?
A. FOREST LAND
B. MEMORIAL PARK
C. INFRASTRUCTURE LAND
D. COMMERCIAL
386. WHICH TYPE OF LAND USE IS MOST EASILY REVERSIBLE OR CONVERTIBLE TO
ITS ORIGINAL STATE?
A. FOREST LAND
B. MEMORIAL PARK
C. INFRASTRUCTURE LAND
D. COMMERCIAL
387. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A FACTOR TO DETERMINE SUITABILITY OF
LAND FOR HEAVY INDUSTRIAL USE?
A. LOAD-BEARING
B. LOCATION
C. SLOPE
D. SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
LAND FOR HEAVY INDUSTRIAL USE?
A. LOAD-BEARING
B. LOCATION
C. SLOPE
D. SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
LAND FOR AGRICULUTURE USE?
A. CLIMATE ANDRAINFALL
B. SOIL QUALITY
C. GEOLOGIC FAULT LINES
D. SLOPE
LAND FOR AGRICULUTURE USE?
A. CLIMATE ANDRAINFALL
B. SOIL QUALITY
C. GEOLOGIC FAULT LINES
D. SLOPE
389. WHAT ARE THE DETERMINANTS OF SOIL FERTILITY FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND
USE?
A. SOIL MOISTURE, WATER HOLDING CAPACITY, PERMEABILITY, POROSITY,

NUTRIENT RETENTION, MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN
B. SURFACE TEXTURE, SOIL PARTICLE, SOIL STRUCTURE, SHRINK-SWELL POTENTIAL
C. SOIL DRAINAGE, RUN-OFF AND SOIL EROSION BY WATER AND BY WIND
D. CLAY, SILT, SAND AND PARENT MATERIAL
389. WHAT ARE THE DETERMINANTS OF SOIL FERTILITY FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND
USE?
A. SOIL MOISTURE, WATER HOLDING CAPACITY, PERMEABILITY, POROSITY,

NUTRIENT RETENTION, MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN
B. SURFACE TEXTURE, SOIL PARTICLE, SOIL STRUCTURE, SHRINK-SWELL POTENTIAL
C. SOIL DRAINAGE, RUN-OFF AND SOIL EROSION BY WATER AND BY WIND
D. CLAY, SILT, SAND AND PARENT MATERIAL
390. IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE PLANNING, THE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUM
DEPTH AND CLAY-SILT FRACTION THAT WOULD ENSURE GOOD GROWTH ARE:
A. <50 CM AND <80%

B. >100 CM AND >80%
C. 50-100 CM AND 40-80%
D. 10-50 CM AND 10-40%
390. IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE PLANNING, THE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUM
DEPTH AND CLAY-SILT FRACTION THAT WOULD ENSURE GOOD GROWTH ARE:
A. <50 CM AND <80%

B. >100 CM AND >80%
C. 50-100 CM AND 40-80%
D. 10-50 CM AND 10-40%

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ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNER

1. ASSESS APPROPRIATENESS AND ADEQUACY OF EXISTING SYSTEMS IN

1. ASSESS APPROPRIATENESS AND ADEQUACY OF EXISTING SYSTEMS IN

A. GOAL ACHIEVEMENT MATRIX

A. GOAL ACHIEVEMENT MATRIX

A. FAO URBAN LAND DISTRIBUTION FORMULA

A. FAO URBAN LAND DISTRIBUTION FORMULA

A. MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS OR SIEVE MAPPING

A. MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS OR SIEVE MAPPING

A. MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS OR SIEVE MAPPING

A. MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS OR SIEVE MAPPING

A. POPULATION GROWTH RATE

A. POPULATION GROWTH RATE

A. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

A. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

A. IT EXPORTS SUBSTANTIAL QUANTITIES OF PROCESSED

A. IT EXPORTS SUBSTANTIAL QUANTITIES OF PROCESSED

A. IF A BARANGGAY HAS MORE FISHERY OUTPUT AND SHELLCRAFT

A. IF A BARANGGAY HAS MORE FISHERY OUTPUT AND SHELLCRAFT

A. CONTIGOUS TERITORY OF AT LEAST 100 SQ. KM

A. CONTIGOUS TERITORY OF AT LEAST 100 SQ. KM

A. POVERTY, WHICH MEANS LOW INCOME AND LOW EDUCATION, IS

A. POVERTY, WHICH MEANS LOW INCOME AND LOW EDUCATION, IS

A.“BRIGHT LIGHTS EFFECT” OR LURE TO CITY LIFE AND NEONNLIT

A.“BRIGHT LIGHTS EFFECT” OR LURE TO CITY LIFE AND NEONNLIT

A. HEALTHY & SAFETY

A. HEALTHY & SAFETY

A. TO ACHIEVE A MORE BALANCED URBA IN RURA INTERDEPENDENCE

A. TO ACHIEVE A MORE BALANCED URBA IN RURA INTERDEPENDENCE

A. INFORMATION TRAVELS AT HIGHNSPEED IN CITIES; TRANSACTIONS

A. INFORMATION TRAVELS AT HIGHNSPEED IN CITIES; TRANSACTIONS

A. THE STEWARDSHIP OF NATURE

A. THE STEWARDSHIP OF NATURE

A. COMMON HERITAGE OF HUMANKIND

A. COMMON HERITAGE OF HUMANKIND

A. THESE TWO REALITIES ARE ESSENTIALLY SIMILAR, HENCE

A. THESE TWO REALITIES ARE ESSENTIALLY SIMILAR, HENCE

A. “WHERE ARE WE NOW?”

A. “WHERE ARE WE NOW?”

A. THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BECAUSE PLANNING IS “UBIQUITOUS”

A. THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BECAUSE PLANNING IS “UBIQUITOUS”

A. EQUITY OR ACTIVIST OR ADVOCACY PLANNING

A. EQUITY OR ACTIVIST OR ADVOCACY PLANNING

A. CYCLICAL, ITERATIVE, AND SELFNCORRECTING

A. CYCLICAL, ITERATIVE, AND SELFNCORRECTING

A. EQUITY OR ACTIVIST PLANNING

A. EQUITY OR ACTIVIST PLANNING

A. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN, GEORGE CHADWICK, REXFORD

A. FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN, GEORGE CHADWICK, REXFORD

A. BECAUSE, AS IN STRATEGIES AND TACTICS, A PLAN HAS TO

A. BECAUSE, AS IN STRATEGIES AND TACTICS, A PLAN HAS TO

A. “SOLVE MAJOR ISSUES AT MACRO LEVELS”

A. “SOLVE MAJOR ISSUES AT MACRO LEVELS”

A. LUCRATIVE AND PROFITABLE

A. LUCRATIVE AND PROFITABLE

A. IRRIGATION FOR FARMS REVOLUTIONIZED BOTH ECONOMIC PRODUCTION AND SOCIAL

A. IRRIGATION FOR FARMS REVOLUTIONIZED BOTH ECONOMIC PRODUCTION AND SOCIAL

A. ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION

A. ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION

A. POLYTHEISM OR PANTHEON OF GREEK GODS WHICH SANCTIFIED

A. POLYTHEISM OR PANTHEON OF GREEK GODS WHICH SANCTIFIED

A. MACEDONIAN GREEKS UNDER ALEXANDER THE GREAT

A. MACEDONIAN GREEKS UNDER ALEXANDER THE GREAT