REVISION

 WRITING
I. Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds.

1. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it.

→ Sam regretted not having worked hard enough in his previous job

2. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily fined
for that.

→ The factory was heavily fined for having dumped tons of toxic waste into the
river.

3. Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his house. He
admitted that.

→ Thanh admitted having forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his
house.

4. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it.

→ He denied having dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach.

5. I have seen him before. I remember that.

→ I remember having seen him before.

6. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what they
had done.

→ They regretted having hunted and killed many wild animals.

7. 'You've lied to us’, the villagers said. The politician denied it.

→ The politician denied having lied to the villagers.

8. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded
for that.

→ Denis was rewarded for having taken an active part in the Green Summer
activities.
9. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that.

→ People admired Tony for having rescued the kids from the fire
10. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticized for
that.

→ Tonya was strongly criticized for having dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach.

II. Rewrite the following sentences using Perfect Participle.

Ex: We switched off the lights before we went to bed.

→ Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.
1. Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition.
Having practiced a lot, Zoe was sure of her winning in the competition.
2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
Having asked his mother's permission, the boy went out to play.
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
Having drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
4. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted.
Having done two tests today, we are exhausted.
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
Filling the washing machine, she switched it on.
6. She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning.
Having been to disco the night before, she overslept in the morning.
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
Having worked in the garden all day, we were sunburned in the evening.
8. She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn't able to concentrate.
Having not slept for two days, she wasn't able to concentrate.
9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.
Having not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.
10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to sit on the
saddle.
Having not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to sit on the
saddle.
III. Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-
infinitive.

1.They live in a house that was built in 1890.

→ They live in a house built in 1890.
2. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
→ The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
3. The ancient houses which were destroyed by the fire are now under
reconstruction.
→ The ancient houses destroyed by the fire are now under reconstruction.
4. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
→ The boy playing the piano is Ben.
5. We have a house which overlooks the park.
→ We have a house overlooking the park.
6. The man who spoke to John is my brother.
→ The man speaking to John is my brother.
7. Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
→ Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
8. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
→ The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.
9. Maxicorp were the only company which replied my letter.
 Maxicorp were the only company to reply my letter.
10. Do you know the man who is talking to my father?
 Do you know the man talking to my father?
IV. Add question tags to the following statements.
1. Everyone can learn how to swim, ____can’t they_____?
2. Nobody cheated in the exam, _____did they_____?
3. Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ____did it____?
4. I am invited, ____aren’t I ______?
5. This bridge is not very safe, ______is it_____?
6. These sausages are delicious, ____aren’t they___?
7. You haven't lived here long, ____have you____?
8. The weather forecast wasn't very good, ____was it_____?
9. He'd better come to see me, _____hadn’t he_______?
10. You need to stay longer, ____don’t you_____?
V. Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the
same.

1. If you don't like this one, I'll bring you another. (Unless …..)

→ Unless you like this one, I'll bring you another

2. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder. (Unless …..)

→ Unless you promise to try harder, I won’t help you

3. If she doesn't work harder, she'll lose her job. (….unless …..)

→ Unless she works harder, she'll lose her job

4. Be careful or you will cut yourself hand. (If …..)

→ If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.

5. You must work harder or you won't pass the exam. ( If/ unless …..)

→ If you don’t work harder, you won't pass the exam = Unless you work harder,
you won't pass the exam

VI. Rewrite the sentences, using the present perfect or the present perfect
continuous.
1. I started discussing my research proposal with my professor at the beginning of
my course. We're still discussing it.
→ I have been discussing my research proposal with my professor since the
beginning of my course.
2. Nam's still studying English. He started studying it two years ago. (for)
→ Nam has been studying English for two years.
3. I started learning how to play the piano eight months ago. I'm still learning it.
→ I have been learning to play the piano for eight months.
4. He attended two online vocational courses: one in 2012 and the other in 2013.
(twice)
→ He has attended online vocational courses twice.
5. They visited this college in 2009, 2012 and 2014. (three times)
→ They have visited this college three times. / They have visited this college three
times before.
6. The British Council established IELTS a long time ago. It still uses this test as an
international standardised test of English for non- native English language speakers.
(for)
→ The British Council has been using IELTS as an international standardized test
of English for non- native English language speakers for a long time.
7. She started her research project last month. She's still doing it.
→ She has been doing her research project since last month.
8. The university started building a new campus in May. They are still building it.
(since)
→ The university has been building a new campus since May.
9. The graduate students started arriving at four o'clock. They are all in the lecture
hall.
→ The graduate students have all arrived at the lecture hall.
10. Mary is staying at a homestay during her undergraduate programme. The
programme began three weeks ago. (for)
→ Mary has been staying at a homestay for three weeks during her undergraduate
programme.
VII. Rewrite the sentences, using the present perfect or the present perfect
continuous.
1. I started discussing my research proposal with my professor at the beginning of
my course. We're still discussing it.
→ I have been discussing my research proposal with my professor since the
beginning of my course.
2. Nam's still studying English. He started studying it two years ago. (for)
→ Nam has been studying English for two years.
3. I started learning how to play the piano eight months ago. I'm still learning it.
→ I have been learning to play the piano for eight months.
4. He attended two online vocational courses: one in 2012 and the other in 2013.
(twice)
→ He has attended online vocational courses twice.
5. They visited this college in 2009, 2012 and 2014. (three times)
→ They have visited this college three times. / They have visited this college three
times before.
6. The British Council established IELTS a long time ago. It still uses this test as an
international standardised test of English for non- native English language speakers.
(for)
→ The British Council has been using IELTS as an international standardized test
of English for non- native English language speakers for a long time.
7. She started her research project last month. She's still doing it.
→ She has been doing her research project since last month.
8. The university started building a new campus in May. They are still building it.
(since)
→ The university has been building a new campus since May.
9. The graduate students started arriving at four o'clock. They are all in the lecture
hall.
→ The graduate students have all arrived at the lecture hall.
10. Mary is staying at a homestay during her undergraduate programme. The
programme began three weeks ago. (for)
→ Mary has been staying at a homestay for three weeks during her undergraduate
programme.