Project Proposal Title Determine the precise endpoint of a titration.

General Background

The paddy field cultivation is also one of main employment and rice is the staple food of the inhabitants of Sri Lanka. Around 1.5 million hectares of land is cultivated in Sri Lanka for paddy in 2008/2009 maha: 64% of which is cultivated during the dry season and 35% cultivated during the wet season. Around 879,000 farmer families are engaged in paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka. They make up 20% of the country's population and 32% of the employment. So, paddy cultivation is very important as Sri Lankans. However, several factors such as diseases have affected the production of the paddy in many ways. Farmers normally usedtraditional approach in handling these problems assist by the regional farming organization officers.

Purpose

This document is proposing a new approachwhich combines theimage and expertsystem to develop an image-based expert system in diagnosing paddy diseases. System can identify diseases in paddy plants by taking images of the affected area of the plants as inputs. This helps officers in farm business sectors to identify the diseases of paddy without any mistakes and also we cannot guarantee that everybody knows about the new diseases, so that people who are not aware of paddy diseases also can detect what the disease is.

Problem Several rice diseases, caused by fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as nematodes occur in Sri Lanka. Those induced by fungi include blast, sheath blight, brown spot, stem rot, foot rot or bakanae disease and sheath rot. Recognizing and overcoming these diseases early is very important to alleviate it from spreading out large areas. It takes long time for a human eye to identify a disease exactly because they have to wait until signs of diseases are shown clearly, but then it has been already infected a large area. Most farmers are also confused with some diseases, for an example;Bacterial leaf blight was not recognized by most of the farmers and is often confused with leafblast.So this system can be used to identify diseasesin early stage and to avoid these types of problem without confusion and therefore production loss would be minimized.

Once you know what the bug or disease is, you can usually get the correct treatment from somewhere else or you need to find the right type of fertilizerand cure the problem.

Solution To detect symptoms of paddy plants,we can use the image processing system.The main goal in developing this system is to diagnose the paddy disease according tothe symptoms that appear in the paddy plant. Paddydisease usually attacks the leaves and panicles of the plant. By taking a high quality photo of the plant, the system can identify diseases by examine the colour of leaves, shapes etc. System should contain a database which consists of symptoms and relevant diseases. Knowledge has to be gathered from several data sources like textbooks, technical reports, case studies and personal experience to store in the data base. Using images we can observe several areas of paddy plants to identify a disease using the data base. We can categorize symptoms in to many ways as inputs to the system. Type of diseases 1. 2. 3. 4. Type of spot Colour of leaves Percentage of lesion Stage of growth spindle/ oval/ round/ narrow/ spot green/ yellow/ orange/ brown low/ medium/ high soil preparation/ germination/ vegetative/ ripening/ harvest

Conclusion This system has focused on analysing image and paddy disease diagnosis. Related knowledgehas been gathered through interviews and other sources. Using this knowledge,the input and output variables and their values havebeen identified. If new diseases found with new symptoms it is also added to the database. Like this the recorded data are developed throughimage capturing and variables measuring. In present there is no any system has been implemented to identify paddy diseases and by using this kind of a system, diseases can be detected early and it can be used to avoid mistakes. More future research will be aimed to implement this model to become a complete image-based paddy diagnosis system.