V11.

cover

Front cover
Instructor Preparation
AIX Basics
Course code AN10G   ERC 6.1
November 2019 edition
Notices
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V11.3
Contents

TOC

Contents
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

About this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Preparing to teach this course. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Instructor qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Instructor background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Suggested instructor preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Other resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
General recommendations for all IBM courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Course overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Exercises overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Exercises configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Course updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
ERC 6.1 updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
ERC 6.0 updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
ERC 5.0 updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
ERC 4.1 updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Course outline and notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Helpful hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

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V11.3
Trademarks

TMK

Trademarks
The reader should recognize that the following terms, which appear in the content of this training
document, are official trademarks of IBM or other companies:
IBM, the IBM logo, and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business
Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide.
The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, registered in many
jurisdictions worldwide:
AIX® Power® POWER8®
Adobe is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United
States, and/or other countries.
Linux® is a registered trademark used pursuant to a sublicense from the Linux Foundation, the
exclusive licensee of Linus Torvalds, owner of the mark on a worldwide basis.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.
Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies.

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V11.3
About this book

InstPrep

About this book

This book prepares instructors to teach the AIX Basics course and is intended for new and
experienced instructors. The book provides the following information:
• Instructor qualifications
• Suggested preparation
• Materials for course
• Course overview
• Course updates
• Course outline and notes

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V11.3
Preparing to teach this course

InstPrep

Preparing to teach this course

This section explains to the instructor’s management and the prospective instructor the background
skills that are required to effectively teach both the course and the prerequisite courses. It also lists
instructional documents and any other material that should be studied before teaching the course.
The prospective instructor must already possess all of the delivery skills that are required to be an
instructor.

Instructor qualifications
Instructors must possess all of the teaching skills that are required of a successful instructor. This
section describes the additional course-specific knowledge that instructors should have.

Instructor background
This section describes the technical and tool-specific knowledge that is necessary for instructors to
deliver the course successfully. If the instructor cannot address these topics and draw on industry
experience in doing so, the course might not be successful.
The instructor should have the following skills:
• ALL of the skills taught in this course (see course contents)
The instructor should successfully complete the following prerequisite courses:
• No prerequisite courses
The instructor should have the following certifications:
• None

Suggested instructor preparation

The following preparations are suggested specifically for this course:
• Review all visuals and notes in this course.
• Execute all of the lab exercises for this course. Execute all task that are discussed in the course
(even if they are not practiced in the lab exercises).
• Practice explaining every item in the visuals and notes.
• Study the Lab Setup Guide. Set up one lab set of the course environment; or at least fully
understand all aspects of the configuration and setup in order to deal with any problems in the
lab environment.
• Review and be familiar with the lab access procedures as defined by the lab provisioning
organization. Test the lab access procedure prior to the start of class.

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V11.3
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InstPrep
Other resources
• AIX 7.1 product documentation

General recommendations for all IBM courses

Some of these resources might not be available until later in the course development process.
Review what is available and check back later for more resources:
• Attend any instructor training that is available for this course.
• Check for an SPVC (self-paced virtual class) of the course and, if available, attend it.
• Review the following course information:
▪ Locate the course description in the online course catalog at www.ibm.com/training.
▪ Read the course overview and course outline to understand the overall course content.
▪ Review the audience for which the course is intended.
Know your audience so that you can assist the students and tailor the course for anyone
who does not meet the audience background but is still participating in the course.
▪ Review the student prerequisites for this course.
You must know all of the information in the prerequisite courses. Depending on the
audience background and prerequisites, it might be necessary to review previous materials.
▪ Review the skills taught in this course.
Be sure that you know and understand all of the target skills for the course before you
attempt delivery.
• Study the course materials.
Request the course materials and request access to the course labs at least two weeks
before you are available to study them. Ensure that you understand how to run the lab
exercises and how to complete all lab setup steps that are required.
• Review all of the training paths that refer to this course.
You should know what comes before and after this course so that you can verify that your
audience meets the prerequisites and sell your audience on the follow-on courses.

Course overview
This course enables students to perform everyday tasks using the AIX operating system.

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InstPrep
Strategy
Teaching strategy
Each classroom session uses a combination of facilitated lecture, discussions, group exercises,
and demonstrations to convey the material.

Introduce the material

Inform the students of the objectives of the unit and topic. Give them a brief scenario that helps
them understand how the presented material helps them to do their jobs.

Facilitate the learning experience

Involve the students in the learning process. Ask them questions and present classroom scenarios
in which students use the available resources to solve situations that involve process, procedure, or
content on the job.

Review the material

Review objectives at the conclusion of each unit to ensure that the students have a thorough
understanding of the material.
Group exercises and labs are used to reinforce knowledge and skills that the students learned in
the previous classroom topics. The instructor serves as a mentor to check results, answer
questions, and provide constructive feedback and evaluation.

Course evaluation
Evaluation measures the quality, effectiveness, and impact of the course. It enables students to
answer the question, "Does the course meet its requirements and objectives?"
For all classes, instructors provide an end-of-course questionnaire that students complete as
feedback on course quality.

Exercises overview
The objective of the AIX Basics exercises is to have students understand and successfully perform
basic user functions in AIX. There are no system administration activities performed or discussed in
the exercises. Known hardware/software problems sections are provided with each exercise.
These sections alert you to known problems or common mistakes that are inherent to the exercise.
Each exercise depends on successful completion of the previous exercises.

Exercises configuration
Each student has a separate system and students work independently.

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InstPrep
Materials
The following materials are available for this course:
• The instructor needs these materials:
▪ Instructor Guide
▪ Instructor Exercises Guide
▪ Instructor Preparation Guide
▪ Slide show
▪ Lab Setup Guide
▪ Lab setup materials - a tar file containing lab files used in the course
• Each student needs these materials:
▪ Course Guide
▪ Course Exercises Guide
▪ Course Exercises Guide with hints

Course updates
This course replaces course code AN10G (ERC 5.0). The following information summarizes at a
high level where to find changes to the course.

ERC 6.1 updates

Fixed typos.

ERC 6.0 updates

• The course is now 3 days in length (instead of 4).
• Updates include:
▪ Consolidated and removed some information from Units 1, 2, and 3. Replaced these with
“Unit 1 - Getting started with AIX”. This fixes the issue of the Unit numbers and Exercise
numbers not matching and provides for a longer exercise. The screen shots for the IBM
Knowledge Center were updated.
▪ Moved the vi Editor unit to Unit 3. This allows students to take advantage of command line
editing earlier in the course.
▪ Removed some advanced AIX utilities information. Students should be encouraged to
attend the Korn and Bash Shell Programming course instead (AN202G).

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InstPrep ▪ Removed “Unit 15 - The AIX graphical user interface” as outdated. Likewise, we removed
Appendix B and C on the AIX desktops (AIXWindows and CDE).
▪ Removed the glossary as unnecessary.
▪ Removed the requirement to set up VNC as part of the lab setup (to support CDE). Also, the
size of the /home file system was increased.
▪ No new information was added except a little bit on scp in Unit 10 and exercise steps for ssh
and scp were added to Exercise 10.

ERC 5.0 updates

• Updates include:
▪ Update to the latest PowerPoint and FrameMaker development templates. Major changes
that will be noticed include:
- Checkpoint and Checkpoint solutions have been renamed Review questions and
Review answers.
- The Review answers are regular student guide pages instead of being in the instructor
guide. Because of this, there is no Solutions appendix.
- Slides look a little different. Colors are updated.
- Grammatical errors corrections.
- Updated per CA11 development guidelines. Removed all unnecessary wording at the
beginning of the units, for ex: “After completing this unit, students should be able to:”
▪ Updated all exercise slides in all units to reflect the tasks in the exercise slide rather than in
the exercise notes.
▪ Materials were updated to include mention of AIX 7.2.
▪ Lab exercises are now on POWER8 with AIX 7.2.
▪ No objectives were changed. No topics were added or removed. The course description
and agenda are unchanged.

Exercise 2 - AIX documentation

• Updated step 8 hints to reflect new IBM Knowledge Center

Unit 1 - Introduction to AIX

• Figure 1-8 and 1-9 are new and they were added for clarification. They are replacing old Figure
1-8 which was showing bot AIXwindows and CDE on the same slide.
• Unit 3 - AIX documentation
• Updated figure 3-5 to reflect that Infocenter is no longer available starting with AIX 7.2
• Updated figure 3-6 removed references to Mozilla

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InstPrep • Updated figures 3-7 through 3-9 updated for new Knowledge Center look.
• Figure 3-10 was added about Knowledge Center navigation.
• Old ERC 4.1 Figure 3-11 was removed as unneeded.

Unit 8 - Shell basics

• Updated figure 8-3 to reflect a back quote (‘) in the list of metacharacters
• Updated figure 8-7 - added a column to show the full notation for redirection

Unit 12 - AIX utilities: Part I

• Updated figure 12-24. Removed the example to write to floppy disk because it is outdated.

Unit 14 - Additional shell features

• Updated figure 14-13. Removed arrow between “Qualified path name” and “Reserved word”. If
qualified path name there is no other processing, otherwise the first string on the command line
gets checked against reserved words, and the rest.

Unit 15 - The AIX graphical user interface

• Updated figure 14-3 to reflect the current name: IBM Power Systems (old name System p).

ERC 4.1 updates

• The only updates to ERC 4.1 were:
▪ Incorporated new naming guidelines: Incorporating a G in to the course code.
▪ Exercise 8: Fixed back quote printing error
▪ LSG: Added a new step after step 2 in the: Additional set up for aix-lpar systems section.

ERC 4.0 updates

• Many student and instructor notes (in lecture and exercise guides) were reworded.
• Many visuals and notes were reformatted to conform to the new templates.
• Examples were updated to show more current dates/times.
• Unless otherwise noted, the figure numbers listed are the same in ERC3 and ERC4.

Unit 1 - Introduction to AIX

• No revisions except for what is listed in the General section.

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Unit 2 - Using the system
• Figure 2-9: The who and finger commands
Added an example and notes for who -Hu
• Figure 2-13: talk with another user
Changed visual to show an ASCII-type window rather than X windows. Also shows the result of
the talk command as each user answers the call.

Unit 3 - AIX documentation

• Figure 3-5: Viewing AIX documentation
Changed http://publib16.boulder.ibm.com/pseries/index.htm to
http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter
• ERC3 Figure 3-7: AIX documentation Documentation through Figure 3-9: Search scope is
replaced by
ERC4 Figure 3-7: Documentation - The IBM Knowledge Center through Figure 3-11: Search
AIX documentation
Changed all visuals and notes to show the new IBM Knowledge Center rather than the older
Information Center.
• ERC3 Figure 3-10 is replaced by ERC4 Figure 3-12: Checkpoint
Added questions 2 and 5.

Unit 4 - Files and directories

• Figure 4-14: Removing directories
Added and example to show rmdir with a relative path name.
• Figure 4-18: The touch command
Expanded examples

Unit 5 - Using files

• Figure 5-2: Copying files
Changed example.
• Figure 5-4: Moving and renaming files
Changed example to show move to another directory.
• Figure 5-12: Removing files
Added examples of rm -R and rm -r.
• Figure 5-13: Printing files
Added commands for System V and BSD on the visual.

Unit 6 - File permissions

• ERC4 Figure 6-6: The umask command
Merged the ERC3 Figure 6-6: Default permissions and ERC3 Figure 6-7: umask into one visual

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Unit 7 - The vi editor
• Figure 7-4: Adding text
Added the table with the subcommand into the visual
• Figure 7-5: Exiting the vi editor
Added the table with the subcommand into the visual
• Figure 7-8: Search for a pattern
Added the n command
• Figure 7-10: Changing text
Added the table with the subcommand into the visual
• Figure 7-11: Cut, copy, and paste
Added the table with the subcommand into the visual

Unit 8 - Shell basics

• Figure 8-4: File name substitution (1 of 2)
Changed examples for wildcards
• Figure 8-15: Filters
Changed the way the example was done.
• Figure 8-16: Split outputs
Added to the example
• Figure 8-19: Checkpoint (1 of 2) and Figure 8-20: Checkpoint (2 of 2):
Reordered checkpoint questions.

Unit 9 - Using shell variables

• No revisions except for what is listed in the General section.

Unit 10 - Processes
• Combined Units 9-Processes and 10-Controlling processes
• Figure 10-2: What is a process?
Added information on parent-child hierarchies
• Figure 10-5: Viewing process information
Moved information on the $$ variable from the original “What is a process” visual to here.
Moved information from the original Unit 11 monitoring processes to here.
• Figure 10-7: Variables and processes
Enhanced example
• (Original Figure 10-7: Activity: Exporting variables)
moved to Exercise
• Figure 10-15: Terminating processes (2 of 2)
Enhanced example

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InstPrep • Figure 10-17: Running long processes

Enhanced example

Unit 11 - Customizing the user environment

• ERC3 Unit number was 12
• ERC4 Figure 11-6: Environment variables
Originally this was in two visuals, ERC3 Figure 12-5 Environment variables (1 of 2) and ERC3
Figure 12-7 Environment variables (2 of 2) but combined it into one, ERC4 Figure 11-6
Environment variables
• Moved ERC3 Figure 12-6: Sample .profile to ERC4 Figure 11-5: Sample .profile to
come before Environment variables. Originally, Sample .profile was between the two
Environment variables visuals.
• ERC3 Figure 12-11 ksh: features: History was replaced by ERC4 Figure 11-10: ksh features:
History
Modified examples
• ERC3 Figure 12-12 Checkpoint replaced by ERC4 Figure 11-11: Checkpoint
Added question 2.

Unit 12 - AIX utilities: Part I

• ERC3 Unit number was 13
• ERC4 Figure 12-4: Using the find command
Removed the -print example from the ERC3 Figure 13-4: Using find
• Merged the ERC3 Figure 13-5: Executing commands with find into ERC4 Figure 12-4: Using
the find command
• ERC3 Figure 13-7 Additional options now ERC4 Figure 12-6 Other find options
Added -inum option.
• ERC3 Figure 13-9 find examples now ERC4 Figure 12-8 find examples
Changed last example to use passwd rather than security and removed -print from the
example.
• ERC Figure 13-16 grep options now ERC4 Figure 12-15: grep options
Added the -r and -R options
• (Original Activity: grep command)
merged into Exercise. See exercise description for more information.

Unit 13 - AIX utilities: Part II

• ERC3 Unit number was 14
• ERC4 Figure 13-13: Sample directory structure
Took this out of the notes for ERC3 Figure 14-13: Comparing directories using dircmp and put
it on a visual (ERC4 Figure 13-13: Sample directory structure) so it can be referenced while
explaining the next visual, Figure 13-14: Comparing directories using dircmp.

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InstPrep
Unit 14 - Additional shell features
• ERC3 Unit number was 15
• No revisions except for what is listed in the General section.

Unit 15 - The AIX graphical user interface

• ERC3: Unit number was 16
• In ERC3, there was no mention of using AIX Windows with VNC. However, the exercises are
designed to use VNC. A number of changes were made in ERC4 to add information about VNC
and clarify how the VNC environment differs from using a graphics terminal or an X terminal.
Changes were made to the visuals, the student notes, and the instructor notes.
▪ Figure 15-9 is new in ERC4. This means that all the figure numbers are offset by one,
starting with figure 9. For example: 16-9 in ERC3 is now 15-10 in ERC4, 16-10 is now 15-11,
and so forth.
▪ The following figures were modified: 15-4, 15-8, 15-10, 15-13, and 15-18.

Appendix A - Command summary

• No revisions

Appendix B - Customizing AIXwindows

• Figure B-2: updated to show the differences for LFT and VNC X start process.
• Figure B-14, student notes: Clarified how to save changes from the Customizing Tool.

Appendix C - CDE user customization

• No revisions except for what is listed in the General section.

Appendix D - Checkpoint solutions

• Updated checkpoint solutions

Glossary
• No revisions

Exercise 1- Using the system

• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

Exercise 2- AIX documentation

• Changed Section 2 from AIX Information Center to IBM Knowledge Center

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Exercise 3- Files and directories
• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

Exercise 4- Using files

• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

Exercise 5- File permissions

• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

Exercise 6- The vi editor

• Added optional exercises.

Exercise 7- Shell basics

• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

Exercise 8- Using shell variables

• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints
• Fixed back quote print error

Exercise 9- Processes
• (ERC3 Figure 10-7: Activity: Exporting variables)
moved to this Exercise as Section 1 - Exporting variables.
• Moved the original Section 1 - Structure into (the new) Section 2 - Process environment
• Added a step at the end to remove the files created in this exercise. Otherwise, there might be
problems running out of space in /home.
• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

Exercise 10- Customizing the user environment

• Added a step at the end to change the prompt back to $.
• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

Exercise 11 - AIX utilities (1)

• (Original Activity: grep command) merged into Exercise 1 - The grep command
• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

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Exercise 12 - AIX utilities (2)
• No revisions

Exercise 13 - AIX utilities (3)

• No revisions

Exercise 14 - AIX utilities (4)

• No revisions

Exercise 15 - Additional shell features

• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints

Exercise 16 - Using AIXwindows

• Merged Exercise solutions into Exercise hints
• ERC3 used a freeware version of VNC. ERC4 uses RealVNC. Steps 2, 3 and 4 were changed
to reflect the RealVNC environment, which is somewhat different.

Exercise 17 - Using the Common Desktop Environment

• No revisions except for what is listed in the General section.

Exercise Appendix A - Customizing AIXwindows (1)

• Steps 2, 3, and 4 were rewritten to steps 2, 3, 4, and 5 to clarify the differences between the
VNC environment and the LFT environment (graphics terminal).

Exercise Appendix B- Customizing AIXwindows (2)

• An information block is added after step 2 to explain how changes are made to the running X
server and how you can save those changes in your .Xdefaults file. The xrdb command is
introduced.
• Most of the steps in Section 1 were rewritten to clarify when the running X server is updated and
when the .Xdefaults file is updated. The xrdb -query command is used to examine the
settings in the running X server. The xrdb $HOME/.Xdefaults command is used to update
the running X server after editing the .Xdefaults file.

Exercise Appendix C- Customizing CDE

• This exercise is removed from ERC4.

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Course outline and notes

InstPrep

Course outline and notes

This sections on the following pages provide information and accompanying instructor notes for the
units and exercises in this course.

Helpful hints

Troubleshooting

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V11.3

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