Department of Computer Science and

Engineering
Subject: Data Mining and Machine Learning
CSE631
Term: March - July 2022

Submitted to
Vandana Sardar

Sl. No USN Name

1. 1MS20CS404 Mallikarjun

2. 1MS19CS133 Thejas Bhat P

3. 1MS19CS138 Varun BD
Abstract
Mobiles are becoming smarter day-by-day and are trying to enhance the user’s
experience. In order to enhance the user’s experience, the smartphone tries to
recognize the user’s activity and adjusts its performance and accessibility based on
it. This project will make use of SVM and Random Forest Tree algorithms to
classify the dataset on human activity recognition by smartphone. The project
compares the performance between these 2 algorithms.
 Data Set Description

The Human Activity Recognition database was built from the recordings of 30
study participants performing activities of daily living (ADL) while carrying a
waist-mounted smartphone with embedded inertial sensors. The objective is to
classify activities into one of the six activities performed.

The experiments have been carried out with a group of 30 volunteers within an age
bracket of 19-48 years. Each person performed six activities (WALKING,
WALKING UPSTAIRS, WALKING DOWNSTAIRS, SITTING, STANDING,
LAYING) wearing a smartphone (Samsung Galaxy S II) on the waist. Using its
embedded accelerometer and gyroscope, we captured 3-axial linear acceleration
and 3-axial angular velocity at a constant rate of 50Hz. The experiments have been
video-recorded to label the data manually. The obtained dataset has been randomly
partitioned into two sets, where 70% of the volunteers were selected for generating
the training data and 30% the test data.
The sensor signals (accelerometer and gyroscope) were pre-processed by applying
noise filters and then sampled in fixed-width sliding windows of 2.56 sec and 50%
overlap (128 readings/window). The sensor acceleration signal, which has
gravitational and body motion components, was separated using a Butterworth
low-pass filter into body acceleration and gravity. The gravitational force is
assumed to have only low frequency components, therefore a filter with 0.3 Hz
cutoff frequency was used. From each window, a vector of features was obtained
by calculating variables from the time and frequency domain.

Algorithm Description
1.Support vector machine (SVM)

A support vector machine (SVM) is a type of deep learning algorithm that

performs supervised learning for classification or regression of data groups.
In AI and machine learning, supervised learning systems provide both input and
desired output data, which are labeled for classification. The classification provides
a learning basis for future data processing. Support vector machines are used to
sort two data groups by classification. The algorithms draw lines (hyperplanes) to
separate the groups according to patterns.

An SVM builds a learning model that assigns new examples to one group or
another. By these functions, SVMs are called a non-probabilistic, binary linear
classifier. In probabilistic classification settings, SVMs can use methods such as
Platt Scaling.

2.Random Forest Classifier

Random forest, like its name implies, consists of a large number of individual
decision trees that operate as an ensemble. Each individual tree in the random
forest spits out a class prediction and the class with the most votes becomes our
model’s prediction.

The fundamental concept behind random forest is a simple but powerful one — the
wisdom of crowds. In data science speak, the reason that the random forest model
works so well.

Results and Inferences