172 Chapter 3 Integral Relations for a Control Volume EXAMPLE 319 [A hydroelecsie power plant (Fig. H3.19) cakes in 30 m°Vs of water through its turbine and dis- charges itto the atmosphere a V; = 2 ms. The head los inthe turbine and penstock system is hy = 20m, Assuming turbulent flow, «= 1.05, estimate the power in MW extracted by the ture bine vy O Water Torbine Solution ‘We neglect viseous work and heat transfer and take section 1 at the reservoir surface (Fig. 3.19), where Vi = 0, p. ~ pany and 2; ~ 100 m. Section 2s a the turbine outlet. The steady-low en- ergy equation (3.71) Becomes, in head form, meh BM ey yo de yo Ba, LOO 4 599 y= Be 4 L060 MY 9 + 4+ 20m Y* 2080 7) 2081 ale) ‘The pressure tems cancel, and we may solve forthe turbine head (which is positive): h,= 100 20-02= 798m ‘The turbine extracts about 79.8 percent of the 100-m head available from the dam. The ‘otal power extracted may be evaluated from the water mass flow: P= rive, = (0ONeh) = 23.4 Bo kg mils! 23.4 BG N- mis = 23.4 MW Ans. 7 (098 kg/m’)(30 m'V5\(9.81 m/s?\(79.8 m) ‘The turbine drives an electic generator which probably has losses af about 15 perceal, so the et power generated by this hydroelecse plant is about 20 MW. EXAMPLE 320 ‘The pump in Fig. E3.20 delivers water (62.4 Tb) at 3 10/5 to a machine at section 2, which is 20 higher than the reservoir surface, The losses between 1 and 2 ate given by hy = KVHQ),