URBAN PLANNING

GROUP MEMBERS-

1. HEPSIBA FLORENCE - 21BCL1038

2. SHREE CHAKRABORTI - 21BCL1041
3. JD SABARISH - 21BCL1029
4. BADDELA RAJA REDDY - 21BCL1024
5. PRAKASH.A - 21BCL1004
6. YOGESHWARAN-21BCL1051
TOPIC- UNDERSTANDING THE
PRESENT SITUATION OF
SHRAVASTI AND MAKING A WAY
FOR DEVELOPING SHRAVASTI
• What is the present situation of Shravasti?
• Why is Shravasti considered the most
under developed district in India?
• Economic, Infrastructure, Agriculture,
Education, Health related problems of
Shravasti
• Map and location of Shravsti
• Comparing Shravasti with one of the
fastest developing cities in India
‘Hyderabad’?
• What can and cannot be developed in the
same way Hyderabad has been developed
• Our Way Of Development “Step By Step
Process”
 Shravasti is one of districts of Uttar Pradesh in India,
located near the Rapti River in northeastern of Uttar
Pradesh state. The city has been identified with the twin
villages of Saheth and Maheth, northwest of Balrampur. . It is
now a small town, a center of heritage tourism.Shravasti
population in 2022 is 1,260,731 (estimates as per aadhar
uidai.gov.in Dec 2020 data). As per 2011 census of India,
Shravasti has a population of 1,117,361 in 2011 out of which
593,897 are male and 523,464 are female. Literate people are
423,313 out of 276,700 are male and 146,613 are female.
People living in Shravasti depend on multiple skills, total
workers are 403,755 out of which men are 293,981 and women
are 109,774.
Total 126,006 Cultivators are depended on agriculture
farming out of 111,317 are cultivated by men and 14,689 are
women. 67,766 people works in agricultural land as labor, men
are 53,088 and 14,678 are women. Shravasti sex ratio is 881
females per 1000 of males.

SHRAVASTI DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

1. General Information:-

i. Geographical Area (sq km.): 2016

ii. Administrative Divisions
Number of Block:05
Number of Town:02
Number of Villages: 532
500 (inhabited villages)
32 (uninhabited villages)
iii. Population (2011 census): 1116000
Male-593000, Female-523000
iv. Average Annual Rainfall (mm): 1020

2. Geomorphology: Alluvium
Major Physiographic Units: Older and younger Alluvium,
Palaeochannel, Flood Plains, ox-bow
lakes, Piedmont slope, Channel bar
Major Drainages : Rapti river

3. Land Use (Sq. Km.)

Forest area: 343.54
Net area sown: 1224.22
Gross area sown: 1912.86
4. Major Soil Types: Fine silt with varying grades of loam

5. Area under Principal crops (Sq. Km): 1045.76 (rice,

wheat, corn, maize,sugarcane)

According to the above reoprt by the government of India most of

the population in Shravasti depends upon agricultural farming
.Shravasti District Tehsils list in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Tehsil
can be considered as sub-districts, As on the last 2011 census,
Shravasti is divided into 2 Tehsils. Bhinga and Ikauna .The
economy of the district is predominantly agricultural. Topography,
climate and soil are the main factors affecting agriculture. Land
under agriculture is 75% of total area of the district. The harvests of
the district are Kharif, Rabi and Zaid. The Kharif is more important
harvest owing chiefly to the large area under paddy, maize, corn
and sugarcane. The Rabi crop mainly comprised of wheat, barley.
The small area under Zaid or hot weather harvest of miscellaneous
crops is of little importance. Paddy occupies the predominant place
followed by wheat, corn and maize.

Climate:
Shravasti has a relatively subtropical climate with high variation
between summer and winter temperatures.The average
temperature is 30°C-43°C in summer and 6°C-18°C in winter. The
well distributed rainfall occurs during south west monsoon. The
average Annual Rainfall is 1020 mm. There is no meteorological
observatory in Shravasti. Nearest observatory is Bahraich. The
climatic data of this observatory has been considered for the
evaluation of climate type. Winds are generally light and increase
in speed from the beginning of summer and continue to have
higher speedup to September.

Drainage:
The main drainage feature in the area is the river Rapti which
originates in Nepal from where it flows towards west and near
about Nepalganj (Nepal) it takes a sudden southerly or south
easterly turn and follows a meandering course. Rapti enters the
district at Indo-Nepal Border near east of village Bilari. For some
distance it flows in NW-SE direction and then takes southward
turn at north of village Dayal and flows almost N-S direction upto
village Tilakpur. South of Tilakpur, Rapti takes a turn eastward and
flows in NW-SE direction further. It meanders almost throughout
its course and is perennial in nature. The sand bar deposits are
common throughout its course. The river is well known for its bank
5NAQUIM REPORT_SHRAVASTI DISTRICT (2016 sq km), U.P.
erosion and channel shifting. The study further reveals that the
river is more dynamic in its entire-course and shifted towards east
in response to neotectonic activity. The river channel slope of the
upstream area is about 12 %, due to high slope of river and
topography, this basin is more prone to flood as a result one river
adopts the path of another river and encroaches on another river.
In some parts of the district, especially in the north eastern parts,
streams are of parallel in nature but near the International borders,
dendritic drainage pattern can be seen (figure-4). Major streams
originating from Nepal and merging Rapti river are Bhakla Nala,
Baisakhi Nala, Suraj Kund Nala, Hathia Kund Nala, Bhawa Nala
etc…
Landuse/ Landcover :
Landuse is based on the nature of topography, its structure and
geometry, availability of resources, historical importance, people
lifestyle, flora and fauna. Forest cover is in the north and north-
eastern part while agricultural land and settlements can be seen in
the central part of the district .

Irrigation:
Irrigation is a crucial input for the development of agriculture in
the district. At district level 75 percent of total cultivable area has
got the irrigation facility. The main source of irrigation in the
district is tube wells.The net area irrigated by ground water
structures is 99.90 % of the total irrigated area in district and the
net area irrigated by canals, ponds and other sources is only .10 %.
Ikauna and Hariharpur Rani blocks are totally devoid of canal
network . The block wise contribution of ground water for
irrigation is maximum of 24 % in Jamunaha block and minimum
of 17 % in Sirsiya block. Looking into the source of irrigation tube
wells are the main source of irrigation accounted 94 % in district
that is much higher in comparison
of State level (72%).
 According to Central Water Commission (CWC), Rapti river rose to
105.47 metre, 0.85 metres above the danger mark. CWC said in a
statement that the floods in the state are “unprecedented”. Not
only Rapti, the river Ghaghra too rose to 107.61 m, which is 1.54m
above the danger mark of 106.07 m. Floods in the Bhada,
Kaudiyala and Gerua rivers in Nepal is reported to have led the
Ghaghra and Saryu in Bahraich and the Rapti in Shravasti to swell.

Multidimensional Poverty Index:

❖ 37.79 percent of the population of Uttar Pradesh is
poor, which is the highest in the country after Bihar and
Jharkhand.
❖ Uttar Pradesh's 44.47 percent population is
malnourished, while Sikkim is the least malnourished
state in the country.
❖ Shravasti is the poorest district of Uttar Pradesh, where
74.38 percent of the population is poor. While Bahraich (71.88
percent), Balrampur (69.45), Lakhimpur Kheri (59.95 percent)
and Gonda (59.26 percent) are the poorest districts of the state.
❖ According to the report, the least poor districts of the state are -
(1) Lucknow (12.16 percent), (2) Kanpur Nagar (14.34 percent),
(3) Gautam Budh Nagar (17.08 percent), (4) Ghaziabad (17.47
percent) and (5) Jhansi (20.27 percent).
❖ Uttar Pradesh has got a score of 0.18 in the Multidimensional
Poverty Index, in which rural MPI score is 0.21 and urban MPI
score is 0.085 percent.
Why is Shravasti considered the most underdeveloped city?

Shravasti is India's poorest district, according to a NITI Aayog report on the

national Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MDI).
Shrawasti has a sex ratio of 881 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy
rate of 46.74%. The male literacy rate is 57.16% while that of the female is
34.78%.
It is overpopulated and because of this 96.54% of the district's population lives
in rural areas. Approximately 0.11% (1,253 people) of the district’s total
population lives on the footpath or without any roof cover. Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes made up 16.94% and 0.50% of the population
respectively.
Superstitions among the people also play an important part in the rising
population and malnutrition.

Poor literacy rates, large size families and low income lead to the problem of
malnutrition among children.
There are no industries or factories nearby for employment nor are there any
decent jobs, So migration in this district is very common.
The benefits of government programs and schemes (Central/state) do not
reach here because of the low literacy rate, Lack of awareness among the
people and poor execution from the government.

Poor facilities health facilities

There is no district hospital to cater to the population of 1.1 million.
The present hospitals often run out of water and there is no electricity backup,
there is no incubator for the new born.
Even so, shravasti has highest birth rate (40.9).

REFERENCE:
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/children-of-a-lesser-god-36849
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9O-LaJ8MCQ
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shravasti_district
Development Priorities as per Six Indicators

1. Electricity As per the gap indicated between Shrawasti and all India level of electrified
households, only 8 percent of the households are electrified in the surveyed villages of Shrawasti
and rest 92 percent of the households are not electrified. Moreover, only 6 percent of the household
are electrified in Muslim families, where as it marginally higher (8.58 percent) in case of Hindu
households. Out of 915 surveyed households, only 75 households are electrified. Therefore, the
district lags behind all India level by huge of 60 points.

2. Toilet Facility in the Houses This is another important areas need proper attention. So far as toilet
facilities are concerned, only 7 percent of total household have toilet facility within the house, where
as rest 93 percent of the households either have outside facility or do not have the facility. Lower
proportions (3.82 percent) of Muslim households have toilet facility within the house. Moreover,
only 0.22 percent of households have septic tank latrines in the surveyed villages. Nearly 94 percent
of the households do not have latrine facility. Therefore, the district lags behind all India level by
huge margin of 32 points, so far as close set of latrines are concerned.

3. Pucca Houses This district suffer from another important development indicator of all whether
pucca houses. As per the survey results that only 27 percent of the total households have pucca
houses and larger proportion of households in the Hindu families (29 percent) have these houses
than the vii Muslim households (23 percent). Again, substantial proportion of households (39
percent) is having thatched houses. Nearly 49 percent of the Muslim households have the thatched
houses, which constitute a larger proportion than the households in Hindu community.

4. Literacy Rate with more emphasis on Female So far as literacy rate is concerned both total literacy
and female literacy lag substantially to all India level. Female literacy and total literacy ranks four
and five respectively, so far as gaps between this district and all India level data is concerned.
Household survey clearly depicts that only 44 percent of the females are literate. This survey also
depicts higher education by the female is also very negligible. This is a critical area as the level
literacy plays a crucial role on the development of overall socio-economic condition of the people in
the society. In the study villages of Shrawasti, the level of illiteracy is very high, i.e., 43 percent in all
the religious groups. However, illiteracy rate (49 percent) is higher in Muslim community than that of
(40 percent) Hindu community. Again, the literacy rate under primary or informal education and up
to primary education in all the communities is nearly 41 percent. This is also depicted that the
literacy rate under these categories in the Muslim community is higher than those of in the Hindu
community. In other words, only 16 percent are educated starting from upper primary to post
graduation and technical and other qualification. Moreover, literacy rate under these categories in
Muslim community is very much lower than those of Hindu community. Again, the literacy rate
having graduation, post graduation and professional degree is very much lower (less than one
percent) in the all the families in the surveyed villages. Shrawasti, 2008 (survey results) All India 2005
Development Gaps Between All India and District Development Priority of the District Sl. No
Indicators 1 2 3=1-2 4 1 Rate of Literacy 56.68 67.3 -10.62 5 2 Rate of Female literacy 43.61 57.1 -
13.49 4 3 Work Participation rate 40.55 38.0 2.55 8 4 Female work participation rate 31.87 21.5
10.37 6 5 Percentage of households with Pucca walls 27.27 59.4 -32.13 3 6 Percentage of households
with safe drinking water 85.87 87.9 -2.03 7 7 Percentage of households with electricity 8.21 67.9 -
59.69 1 8 Percentage of households with Close set latrines 6.79 39.2 -32.41 2 9 Percentage of fully
vaccinated children 2.75 43.5 -40.75 - 10 Percentage of Child Delivery in a Health facility 10.89 38.7 -
27.81 - viii
5. Safe Drinking Water It is observed that own hand pump and tube well is the major source of
drinking water for all the communities residing in the villages, which is considered as one of the best
source of safe drinking water. Nearly 69 percent of the total households have the facility of hand
pump and tube well. It is also observed that 75 percent of the Muslim households have this facility,
which is higher than that of Hindu households. Public hand-pump and tube-well is another source of
drinking water, on which nearly 11 percent of the total household depend on drinking water.
Therefore both public and private pump/tube-well may be considered as sources of safe drinking
water, as we have not encountered any case on un-hygienic and pollution of drinking water through
these sources.

6. Work Participation Rate especially for Female So far as work participation rate is concerned, both
work participation as well as female work participation is higher than those of at the all India level. In
fact, 70 percent of total working force are still dependant on agriculture and allied activities followed
by secondary and tertiary sector in the surveyed villages in Shrawasti. However, only agriculture
constitutes nearly 50 percent of the total labour force in the surveyed villages. Low productivity and
low income from agriculture aggravate the poverty situation. Another area of concern is that the
level of forced migration is very high. Low level of higher education and migration at the young stage
confirms high level of vulnerability. Because, nearly 20 percent of the total migration takes place in
the age group of below 20 years and these types of migration is higher in Muslim Community than
that of Hindu community. The characteristics of migration depicts that most of the migrants (91
percent) are cultivators and the proportion is same in the both Hindu and Muslim families. Secondly,
it is observed that most of the migrants are working outside the state in urban centers under short
term basis. Most importantly, larger proportion of the respondents have expressed their opinion on
getting training on tailoring, animal husbandry, cottage industry in these villages. Therefore, it is
clearly reflected that development of rural based handicrafts and artisan and its market facility is an
important area for creation of additional employment in the district.

Infrastructure backwardness
Economic Infrastructure Looking into the pattern of access to the facility of different infrastructure
in the district it showed that the condition of district is much poorer than those of the State as
whole. Length of national highways is zero km per lakh of population in the district as compared to
that of the state. Similarly length of State level highways per lakh of population is 0.25 km in the
district as against that of State’s average, i.e., 5.34 km. the length of all weather roads is 47.76 km in
the district, which is much lower than that of State average, i.e., 71 km. Availability of bank
branches, cooperative banks, cooperative agriculture and rural development bank and number of
police stations per lakh of population in district is relatively better in comparison to those of state’s
average. District performance is poor in terms of number of post offices (7.9), telephone
connections (151) compared to those of state average i.e., 10.62 and 1679.Though the creditdeposit
ratio in the Shrawasti district is higher as compared to the state as whole, despite the fact that
number of nationalized bank offices per lakh of population is lower in the district than the state
average

Rural Infrastructure: The overall development of the district is dependent on the better rural
infrastructure but district is lagging far behind in comparison of state as whole. Though most of the
data related to rural infrastructure like seed stores, state ware owned houses, fertilizer, pesticides
stores etc. is not available. As far as number of tractors per lakh of net area sown (1815.93) and
number of rural 15 banks per lakh of population (1.87) is concerned, the district is much lower
position compared to those of state’s average of 4346 and 3 respectively (Table 2.14).

Educational Infrastructure Better educational facilities are mainly responsible for the overall
development of human resources. District record on educational infrastructure is somewhat serious
in terms of the enrolment of the student as well as student teacher ratio. Especially the number of
primary schools (57.82) and high school/intermediate colleges (2.55) per lakh of population are
much lower in comparison of state average, i.e., 78 and 8 respectively. The gap between student
teacher ratio in the district is too large as against state average, which need serious concern specially
in upper primary and degree level (Table 2.15).
Health Infrastructure The district has been observed in very poor compared to those of state
average, so far as the health infrastructure are concerned. Number of child and women health
center and homeopathic 16 hospitals are less than 1 on per lakh of population (Table 2.16). Though
number of ayrvedic/unani hospitals is marginally lower to those of state’s average. The number of
allopathic hospitals is much lower in Shrawasti compared to that of State. In this case general
population is compelling to assess private clinics for medical services and they are charging higher
fees as compared to government hospitals in the district.

VIII. Income and Poverty Level BPL Population The district has a large percentage of deprived section
living below poverty line as compared to the state as whole. The district has 17.63 percent SC
population and 0.43 percent ST population living below poverty line, where as the state average is
13.89 percent and 0.28 percent 18 respectively (Table 2.20). The situation of OBC BPL population is
higher in district in comparison of state. Immediate steps are required to be taken to ensure that
every district must benefit by all means of development.
Per capita income The per capita income and poverty level are the major indicators of economic
development. The per capita income at 1993 and current prices in 2003-04, both was found to be
lower in Shrawasti compared to those of the state’s average. The proportion of households and
percentage of population living below poverty in Shrawasti is 61.03 and 60.53 percent respectively,
which are much higher than those of the state’s average. This trend indicates that the economic
condition of the people of Shrawasti is much lower compared to the state rural population as a
whole (Table 2.21).
Map of shravasti district:

Shravasti district is one of the districts of the Uttar Pradesh state of

India, with Bhinga town as its district headquarters. Shravasti district is a
part of Devipatan Division. According to Government of India, it is
among the 121 minority concentrated districts in India. It is the fourth
most backward district in India. Shravasti, the north-eastern town
of Uttar Pradesh, is located near the West Rapti River.
Understanding the difference between the
developing and underdeveloped cities of
india:
Countries are classified on the basis of economic development. The United Nations
groups nations as developing, under-developed or developed. The World Bank
arranges nations as indicated by their GNI per-capita pay. The order of a nation
relies upon its income as well as on different variables that influence how its public
live, how the economy is incorporated into the worldwide framework, and the
extension and expansion of its fare businesses. This article deals with the
differences between under-developed and developing nations.

Under-developed Nation
An Under-developed nation is one which has very low human development index.
The natural and human resources are in abundance, but are not put to any good
use in such nations.

Developing Nation
A developing nation is one having a way of life or level of modern advancements
well beneath that conceivable with money related or specialized guide; a nation that
is not yet exceptionally industrialized. A country having less utilization of resources
and low per capita income which leads to low GDP of the country is called a
developing nation.

Developing vs. Under-developed Countries

Industrial Economy
In developing cities, economy depends on industrial sector instead of agriculture
sector. There is more development in industrial sector.

In under-developed cities, mostly economy depends on agriculture sector. Such

countries tend to move towards industrialization.

Citizens
In developing cities citizens and well-off and rich.

In under-developed cities proportion of rich citizens is very low.

Unemployment
In developing cities there is no such issue of unemployment. They provide many
employment opportunities to the citizens.
In under-developed cities issue of unemployment is there and it affects the economy
of country very badly.

Education
The growth rate in education sector is very high in developing cities and they have
best education systems.
Whereas the growth rate of developing countries in education sector is low as
compared to developing countries. While under-developed cities are following the
education system of developed countries to achieve the standard.

Technological advantages
In developing cities, every place is full with technological advancements and they
always try to make it better.

In under-developed cities, there are many undeveloped rural areas and even urban
sector have less technological advancements.

Roads and Infrastructure

developing cities have a very sound infrastructure by having better roads, railway
tracks, airports etc.

under-developed cities don’t have a sound infrastructure as compared to developed

countries. The money paid by tax-payers is invested in more important issues like
defence, education, etc.

Government
There exists stable government in developing cities so that they make effective and
reliable policies for better economic development.

under-developed cities have unstable governments that mostly try to follow the
policies made by developed countries.

Health care
In developing cities, good and better facilities for health are provided to citizens.

In under-developed cities, health care facilities are not so good and acceptable.

Resources
In developed countries, the natural and human resources are fully and efficiently
consumed.

In developing countries, many of the natural resources are still untouched and
others resources are also not fully utilized.

Under-developed countries have ample natural and human resources. But, these
resources are not put to any use. There are no good leaders who can unite the land,
labour, capital and entrepreneurship. Thus, such countries suffer at the hands of
loot by some of their wealthy greedy citizens or some foreign countries.

Income
There is a high level of income as per citizen living in developed country so that they
have high GDP and GNP.

Developing countries have low level of income as per citizen living in country with
unequal distribution of income as that have low GDP and GNP.

People don’t have employment opportunities and per capita income is next to
negligible. Most of the population falls below poverty line i.e. people are unable to
make both ends meet and secure two meals a day for themselves. This badly effects
the GDP and GNP of the nation. Poverty becomes a paradoxical condition and
government doesn’t have enough funds to increase standard of living of its citizens.

Human Development Index (HDI)

In developed countries, there are best education systems and better health care
and high income level so this leads to high value and ranking of HDI.

In developing countries, there are low income level and fewer facilities for health
care and low rates of education so this leads to low or middle ranking in HDI.

Under-developed countries score very low on the Human Development Index.

Educational facilities and health care are missing in such countries. Also, people
don’t get the funds allotted to them due to loopholes and corrupt bureaucracy.

Life expectancy
In developed countries, due to better health care the life expectancy has increased.
Such countries have low birth rate as well as low death rate.

In developing countries, life expectancy is not so high but has high rates of birth and
death due to less facilities and lack of education.
Under-developed countries have high birth and mortality rate. This is due to
unavailability of education, contraception and proper medical assistance. Children
are born and not taken care of. The conditions of adults and elder people is also
ruthless.

Water and food supply

In developed countries, safe and clean water is supplied with plentiful supply of
food items and good housing conditions.

In developing countries, dirty and unsafe water is supplied with less reliable food
items and poor condition of houses.

Under-developed countries face the problem of very poor hygiene conditions. Fresh
food and clean drinking water becomes a subject of question. People die due to
mal-nutrition.

Conclusion
From above discussion we come to know that developing and under-developed
countries face a lot of problems in way of development. These problems can be
solved only through good governance and spread of education among the masses