Scheduling Basics - CQI & MCS ah hace Ga cal Modulation: 160AM Medulation :64QAM. SIN in Downlink cai Based to SINR UE Caleulte Poor Radio Cendition a The eNB/gNB needs to know about the UE’s channel conditions to perform scheduling This is done using the CQ! (Channel Quality Indicator) feedback that the UE calculates based on its downlink SINR Once the eNB/gNB get the CQl, they convert it to a MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) and schedule the user on basis of this MCS tach Mobile Set CO) Aczorcing to Radia Concion Aer reading CO! eNB Allocates MSC Valve 0-31 jad Date Throughput od Dats Throughput col: 7 cai: 9Scheduling Basics - CQl & MCS sn Sette a eae Signal to Noise Ratio Distortion Ratio The eNB/gNB needs to know about the UE’s channel conditions to perform scheduling This is done using the CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) feedback that the UE calculates based on its downlink SINR, Once the eNB/gNB get the CQl, they convert it to a MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) and schedule the user on basis of this MCS > BLER Conrrol Play the Rolelalock Error Rete) then Concept of Link Adsption Play the Role ca? cal § ‘Then Concept of Link Adapticn Play the F CO) > MCS+NPRB + Code Rate is Modulation: 16QAM, Modulation : 644M | | == () Network Specificlem ero Ye ne Ue em For the Data Scheduling, there are two algorithms that work together BSS ECS > The first one is based on CS! reports where the UE receives CSI- RS/CSI-IM and estimate CSI ( @ ) feedback (CQ), RI,PMl) and then sends this CS! feedback to the gNB. The gNB uses this CSI feedback to assign MCS and MIMO layers to the UE. > The second part of the algorithm. serves as an outer loop where the gNB keeps checking the BLER Statistics for each UE and then modifies the MCS based on BLER statistics. This ensures that a target service is achieved by the UE especially since the CSI feedback might differ between different UEsink Adaptation & BLER Contr = Caleulate Convert Modulaton Higher ISLER, Higher Mics Lower IBLER, Lower MCS wr Ifthe Mabile decade the MCS pe Successfully then gNB Increase the MCS Further Link Adaptation has two parts The first part estimates MCS based on received COl le can not decode the The second part adjusts the MCS based on MOTTON vicsitcendnaci thon gna IBLER (outer loop) This adjustment can be tuned by changing the IBLER target Ahigher IBLER target will result in higher IMCS and a lower IBLER target will result in lower MCS However, if the IBLER target is too high then the throughput will degrade due to retransmission overhead decraese th MCS FurtherWhat is BLER & Its Types BLER is Block Error Rate and it is basically the decoding failure rate of Transport Blocks or in simple words, the decoding failure rate of data blocks. Naturally, higher BLER is bad and lower BLER is better but there are some additional rules that govern the BLER Targets. The Scheduling uses the IBLER which is the Initial BLER based on the first retransmission instance. Initial -8LeR Por UE unable to decode data then Send HARC. kia Train sioheniceae = Frat eranmison ( ( @) cette Second Re-Transmission ee eames a | VanesBLER Target - Fixed or Adaptive If the user has a small traffic demand and it gets small number of resources then a retransmission overhead is also small However, if the user has a high traffic demand, then it would get a large number of resources. ‘Thus a retransmission of all those resources will create a much bigger overhead. Sa (3) Mobile: —_=_ ‘Much bigger overhead of retransmissions for big traffic users leto decode & Send NACK csenwan nel) essen we *¢ @ oO ais)BLER Target - Fixed or Adaptive If the user has a small traffic demand and it gets small number of resources then a retransmission overhead is also small However, if the user has a high traffic demand, then it would get a large number of resources. ‘Thus a retransmission of all those resources will create a much bigger overhead. ou Ue unableto decode 8 send NHK (ce) 8 A ‘Much bigger overhead of retransmissions for big traffic users Ee Vib ”LER Target - Fixed or Adaptive The usual BLER Target is around 10%. However, it has been observed that Users in Good Radio conditions or with high traffic utilization (full buffer) perform better with lower BLER Targets Users in Poor Radio conditions or with small packets perform better with Higher BLER Targets Service: Whatsapp Service: Browsing ‘Traffic Type: Small Size Traffic Type: Medium Size BLER Target > 10% BLER Target=10% Transport Blocks high mcs~higher ( Transport Bock Size anaControl Scheduling Basics - CQl & PDCCH Once the eNB/@NB get the CQ, it is converted to a certain POCCH Aggregation Level. Low PDCCH Aggregation thas lesser overhead (low CCE count) and it is used for UEs in good channel conditions while Higher POCCH ‘Aggregation has higher overhead (high CCE count) and it is used for UEs in bad radio conditions Basically, higher the PDCCH Aggregation Level, higher the robustness and decoding capability of the POCCH bbut higher the overhead too! cok: 7 cal: 9 ce» const Set Hotdne itain Modulation » 640M User is good Condition the High MICS, Space search POCCH Aggregation Level 4 POCCH Aggregation Level 2 f PAL2-20ce PALA-2CHE Pa.t- 2c5G Control Scheduling Algorithi So For the Control (POCCH) Scheduling, the algorithm is also based on CSI reports > The algorithm is based on CSI reports where the UE receives CS1-RS/CSIM and estimate CSI feedback {(CQI,RI,PMI) and then sends this CSI feedback to the gNB, The ENB uses this CSI feedback to estimate the UE's cchanne! conditions and assigns @ particular POCCH Aggregation Layer accordingly. > The second part of the algorithm serves as an outer loop where the eNB keeps checking the BLER statistics for teach UE's POCCH and then modifies the aggregation layer based on POCCH BLER. This part of the algorithm is not Spreentirettimptementetions yet <=, | el Cais ew (ty) TY =—— FUE Send WAR MACK then UE wes eee —= notable to Decoded the MICS & PDSCH will be reduced 15 04M —>OPSK POCO Lve-¢ wll not ch til Se same a No Response means Ne ‘Then POCCH level will be increase Oa wes GO slPDCCH vs PDSCH BLER To understand the main difference between PDCCH and POSCH BLER, we need to understand the concept of UE decoding. The UE needs to read the POCCH first to find the location of the POSCH. If the UE finds the PDSCH, then based on the decoding result of the PDSCH, it sends feedback to the eNB/gNB (ACK/NACK). But if the UE sends ACK/NACK, then that means by itself that PDCCH was decoded successfully, only then, the UE can get the location of the PDSCH. Thus, POCCH scheduling should not depend on ACK/NACK feedback. If the UE fails to decode PDCCH then it should not send anything in response (no feedback). This fs also called DTX state. If more delay in downlink data packet the application layer RTT increase then ne ((2)) DRX- UE will Sleep Mode Itwil Up for some time & looks it anf data ino data backte sleep mode If UESay ReTx Data then it will be awaleno back to sleep mode ENB Send RoTx data aftar ae)