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Numbers in Python

Numbers in Python
By Manoj 4.4 K Views 20  min read Updated on March 9, 2022

In this module of the Python tutorial, we will learn in detail about one of the data types in Python, which is the number data type.
We will further learn about different categories of the number data type such as integer, long integer, octal, hexadecimal, etc.
This module also explains the type conversion of the number data type.

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Python Numbers
In Python, the number data type is used to store numeric values. Numbers in Python are an immutable data type. Being an
immutable data type means that if we change the value of an already allocated number data type, then that would result in
a newly allocated object.

In this module, we will delve deeper into the number data type. Following is the list of the topics that will be covered in this
module:

Categories of Number Data Type

Integers in Python
Long Integers in Python
Octal and Hexadecimal in Python
Floating-point in Python
Complex Numbers in Python

Number Type Conversion in Python

Python Programs on Numbers

Without any further ado, let’s get started.

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Categories of Number Data Type
The number data type is further categorized based on the type of numeric value that can be stored in it. If a variable in Pyth
on contains a numeric value, the data type of that variable will be under one of the categories of the number data type
based on the type of value assigned to that variable.

The number data type is divided into the following five data types in Python:

Integer
Long Integer
Octal and Hexadecimal
Floating-point Numbers
Complex Numbers

We will now understand each of these categories of the number data type, separately.

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Integers in Python
Python integers are nothing but whole numbers, whose range dependents on the hardware on which Python is run.
Integers can be of different types such as positive, negative, zero, and long.

Example:

I = 123                           #Positive Integer

J = -20                           #Negative Integer

K = 0                              #Zero Integer

Long Integers in Python

L suffix is used for the representation of long integers in Python. Long integers are used to store large numbers without
losing precision.

I = 99999999999L

Octal and Hexadecimal in Python

In Python, we also have another number data type called octal and hexadecimal numbers.

To represent the octal number which has base 8 in Python, add a preceding 0 (zero) so that the Python interpreter can
recognize that we want the value to be in base 8 and not in base 10.
 

Example:

I = 11

#Then in Octal we will write –

I = 011

print (I)

Output:

To represent the hexadecimal number (base 16) in Python, add a preceding 0x so that the interpreter can recognize that we
want the value to be in base 16 and not in base 10.

Example:

I = 0x11

print (I)

Output:

17

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Floating-point numbers in Python

Floating-point numbers symbolize the real numbers that are written with a decimal point dividing the integer and fractional
parts.

Floating-point numbers may also come with scientific notation with E or e, indicating the power of 10.

Example:

5.6e2 that means 5.6 * 102.

I = 2.5

J = 7.5e4

Complex Numbers in Python

Complex numbers are of the form, ‘a + bj’, where a is real part floating value and b is the imaginary part floating value, and j
represents the square root of −1.

Example:

2.5 + 2j

Number Type Conversion in Python

There are a few built-in Python functions that let us convert numbers explicitly from one type to another. This process is
called coercion. The type conversion in python is one type of number to another becomes essential when performing
certain operations that require parameters of the same type. For example, programmers may need to perform
mathematical operations like addition and subtraction between values of different number types such as integer and float.

We can use the following built-in functions to convert one number type into another:

int(x), to convert x into an integer value

long(x), to convert x into a long integer value
float(x), to convert x into a floating-point number
complex(x), to convert x into a complex number where the imaginary part stays 0 and x becomes the real part
complex(x,y), to convert x and y to a complex number where x becomes the real part and y becomes the imaginary part

Example:

a = 3.5

b = 2

c = -3.5

a = int(a)

print (a)

b = float(b)

print (b)

c = int(c)

print (c)

Output:

2.0

-3

When converting a float data type into an integer data type, the value gets converted into an integer value closest to zero.

Python Programs on Numbers

Let’s go through some common programs in Python.

Random Number Generator in Python

Python doesn’t have a function to make a random number, but it does have a built-in module called random that can be
used to generate random numbers. Here’s how to do it

import random

print(random.randrange(1, 10))

Program to add two numbers in Python

a = input('Enter first number: ')

b = input('Enter second number: ')

sum = float(a) + float(b)

print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))

Program to Check Armstrong Number in Python

An Armstrong number is a number in which the sum of the cubes of its digits is equal to the number itself. It is also called a
narcissistic number.
 num = int(input(“Enter a number”)

sum = 0

temp = num

while temp > 0:

digit = temp % 10

sum += digit ** 3

temp //= 10

if num == sum:

print(num, “ is an Armstrong Number”)

else:

print(num, “ is not an Armstrong Number”)

Input: 153

Output: 153 is an Armstrong Number

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Program for Factorial of a number in Python

Factorial of any non-negative integer is equal to the product of all integers smaller than or equal to it. There is a built-in
factorial() function in Python.

For example factorial of 6 is 6*5*4*3*2*1 which is 720.

import math

def factorial(a):

return(math.factorial(a))

num = 6

print(“Factorial of ”, num, “ is”, factorial(num))

The output will be 720

Program to Reverse a number in Python

n = 1234

reversed_n = 0

while n != 0:

   digit = n % 10

   reversed_n = reversed_n * 10 + digit

   n //= 10

print("Reversed Number: " + str(reversed_n))

The output will be 4321

Program for Palindrome number in Python

A palindrome is a number or a string which when reversed, remains unaltered.

num = int(input("Enter a number"))

temp = num

rvrs = 0

while(num>0):

   dig = num%10

   rvrs = rvrs*10+dig

   num = num//10

if(temp == rev):

   print("The number is a palindrome")

else:

   print("The number is not a palindrome!")

Input: 121

Output: The number is a palindrome

Input: 567

Output: The number is not a palindrome

Program to calculate GCD of two numbers in Python

def hcfnaive(num1,num2):

   if(num2==0):

       return num1

   else:

       return hcfnaive(num2,num1%num2)

num1 = 60

num2 = 48

print ("The gcd of 60 and 48 is ",end="")

print (hcfnaive(60,48))

The output will be

The gcd of 60 and 48 is 12

Program to calculate LCM of two numbers in Python

def cal_lcm(a,b):

  if a > b:

      greater = a

  else:

      greater = b

  while(True):

      if((greater % a == 0) and (greater % b == 0)):

          lcm = greater

          break

      greater += 1

  return lcm

num1 = 54

num2 = 24

print("The L.C.M. is", cal_lcm(num1, num2))

The output will be

The L.C.M. is 216

 

Program Perfect number in Python

A perfect number is one that is equal to the sum of its proper divisors, that is, sum of its positive divisors excluding the
number itself.

num = int(input("Enter any number: "))

sum = 0

for i in range(1, num):

if(num % i == 0):

sum = sum + i

if (sum == num):

print("The number is a Perfect number")

Else:

print("The number is not a Perfect number")

Input: 6

Output: The number is a Perfect number!

Program to check prime number in Python

A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. The first few prime
numbers are {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ….}.

n = 7

if n>1:

for i in range(2, int(n/2)=1):

if(n%i)==0:

print(n,“ is not a prime number”)

break

else:

print(n,“ is a prime number”)

else:

print(n,“ is not a prime number”)

The output will be

7 is a prime number

This brings us to the end of this module in Python Tutorial. Now, if you are interested in knowing why python is the most
preferred language for data science, you can go through this Python Data Science tutorial.

Further, once done with all Python topics, get Python Certification  from Intellipaat to ensure career stability. Also, take
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