Greater Landon Contin cad ob Ratio, 198 pase 10 Socal Clase, 1951 Inder of Housing Conon, 1951 Age Pros, 1951 Types 1 243 Types and 5 “The Estibiton Are of Lansbusy, 1951 Chasing. 03. 4y the Comme for Unda Sruches Caden: Maksibled & Veo, Red 19 Aspects of Change RUTH GLASS TLonvow can neve be taken fr granted. They is 0 vst 19 ‘npn b0 contcy and who may to become enirly fie. ‘Bnd thee ee meres when wel: known fares of hee twee ‘Sind ut suresngy vty mii to a foreign oor ort he ‘xpurlte who at ls comes Poe rom Keniagton to King’s Cros ety ona Juse moriag the sighs and sounds of London jst awakening have «novel ay “The cede of Georglan and Vicor house coaveted into as we sal packed with parked cae the Exprwo bars ae tl ckad wp the new undersan (or rater otenes) at Hye Park Cone filers the tl Hon Tot! at Park Lane, secemy Gish, Stns ut clumsy; Marble Arch and. Grosveaor Squae, now ‘Sore where te American eagle ss omspicbous orb ender ternational si of protest derponston of beie= ni fer Inti region af “high se” fee ok, apartment ‘Rowe pete shop windows and an cceavons sapermarkt, ‘rosary i fey plated on: there an a of expectancy Bu ‘Sha left fr chind rend tem aus ster ithe peng plate sone of Easton, where the moneany of eaerow back ee {ry ad dreary sol sey lterrpeed Wy 4 once ele ‘Sra more recent nda tauren; an then agua By glimpse oa ‘natal rt featre™-the Pot Ofc over of Totem {Gout Rea, Nor has King's Cree anole look very ferent from tat bad went tht years aD. Aye works ies ‘Sly. The amis of commer who ave every morning 1 work [Cental London have grown sendy And nowadays most of the Peters are blac or brown men fom the West nis “Atany hour London in 1963 shows the ustapeion of mew nd‘both inthe fie nd inthe strc of soy. The anor ‘adj tose they are unequally diatibued and ote appar ‘ely incongroous ar nae ible than the ld pacer Even 0, ‘hey might well be deceptive, And fr thore of ur whose own pre on Hist tenting with London's post-war itr, i ay teats dil to rsogie al the spas eng, as wel as of ‘uvention athe face ofthe ey Hut smn f thse changes ore ‘able Tare ie leam of fluence fa mst of Ceara London ad in any ofthe suburbe—of« much mare widespread auene han tas ever been there before At lt so iC sxms at it sight. It thos ulin an abundance of gos and gadget of car and ne thilingr—in an apparent motiting flow of conrumpi. There ear ore et and hard deiaking an eating pce than there We 1 be (and ther are open fo longer hous). The ops ae eared with personel spd houchold prsperoaia which had peeiouly tre ter in maw predcon not fo msi. The raping tnd lbeling of commodiies—small or Inge, practical cr mae nena foes ish eid or pled up—have a ew los “Thema of yesterday oF the iniaions of yesterdays hats, ve beste the neces ota forage sets the popula “Together wit—or her because ofthis new diversity of ex smptin, thee alo ppare, anew unonmiy.Sopeicilly, ‘ls dnnetions in oka ots ond in domenc equipment have ‘rowed conidenbly:diferenss in any of those respec are ‘ow more ntceably determined by age than by social satan Con ‘cio tema of soci cteortion, ich as “blacomtd ‘worker oe “ubiecllar work no longer have 2 srsghtorward Soerpie sue Tt fen sdb anyone who sera contemporary London afer 1 couserablesbenceehat the cy sin the proses of being “Amercanind Indeed, jadpng fom general inyresions of the ‘Sg’ lols ond standards of ving, the const between Cental ‘London and mown Mashatan, for example, i 20 longer as ‘ering a i ued to be befor, and redial fe, Word Wat 1 London now decide arepresemative of the uient Westen rk wih fever individual characteris than abe had ina Previous period But in bing just, London ao experiencing, ‘ncreslgly, the hardships lneren in thar feet wold. And— ‘ppl apuin—ie seems that she snot making ood Job of coping withthem. "Ae place fe which ose, to work, to move bot a, London us bectee acutely artsng td highly tect, This lrgely {he cesul af lan istry of trial and ezrin uum developmen. ‘The various ‘nodoas or aries which have been adopnd at ren ages omake London spall, and which ia some respects ‘awe succstedim ding so, have aso made London larger Jat ‘bese the population sz of the Chany has eal dain ‘both throug a vlumary and a planned dspersl—the ae ofthe ‘meopltan ara has been stil expanded Pople have been feng or have wantel to go, frter and fer outa tho ‘any of them ae sill dependent direc ot indirect, pon the ‘Snplyment and servicer heated in Cente Landon, All sorte ‘Boor hate cotta 1p this proc of suburbeniaton one Increing mobiity of kboor ruling fFom improvement in ‘employment condos and in tampon the general rae in san ‘nds of lng; sos aprasons in parla, che frequent seoiton of the idea of ruburbia with that of repeal; ‘tell ar gene polices and schemer But the toa fl pon ‘London has arly been a suactry coe. The problems of "big. ‘ne have nt been solved: they have been shifted an changed "Even ao the Count stil lang popultion, while the mimber of bs in Cel Lona i stil gowlag; nd thal the sumer fof commuters wh workin the centre. That daily Journeys aes becoming longer, more arkward, and more expensive ia terms of India! and soci core And these lng ores every morning and eresing—whethr of people or gods y ral or rood—ipese ‘oetditgnce tfc inthe conta ae. Tn fic, howe commnie ‘Hons have bocome iter, more einvenlont and more varied, they have als become slower end tore cumbersome. All ay eng, (Central Londen i nae of bouleness of stands of almost frozen tf. Any ofthe speciosa petal and expat of ‘he meoplitan roaine a Buckingham Pabce garden party, 2 Fall of mom, a State vn the Chee flower show-—can proce serch ‘Thre po rom or mane, ‘Bt the rf pablethe Nunber One problem at fret sight scaly test overt syeptom af nw incongruent abtwi rierRopvcrioN ft ncey of London. Socially end idesogly, too, ecu va foc they have Been bth speeded up and strated, em chan moe they se and ear more of events home Pr nd yt rng ia tho easing ot of thei sa aha hc re more on thir than they weed be. etm tpg of acne and technology ia expanding api, Fea erm apa te feet el i oe o within de Trae ac ade) whi x rmaably ow in developing erste recognien a atonal oranizaton. These ‘cine, moreover, in advancing ax in tionary lp~ fo kenge voy a premium on departmental. Hoa fee His carn has stared, te in-form schotboy oF aac he dtc ofa Bis cl. On balance ave oo cz een widened oe sarowed? te roa bare beere emstancoly both shorter and taser ha good del of movenent—pedestian, vec an rel Wie the advance o technology, withthe neon aoe of kbour and of consumes expert, Rew OCD: ee devcloped, expecially midl-cas ooupations. (ak me alec inthe ‘quality’ newepagrs. Wanted: projet a cr production excrave, system anaet, compute shift Saas, Emon spect acide eter, beauty open, 1 Sona mage, windowed many mote of DY abl efinds) Some ef the cl menial occupations are besoin atic or ae kay to dapper. Thee hasbeen sore e-buling nc poupe, mialy again among the mile cna New ‘Bur none of this movemcat it slnorsy rooms Meas in gesine ol mci. The od cst eaten bsg mscanat—or copied. And hey may ven a well and be es then fr granted than bef, ti sume oth cnet tas nincsns hve B= us ben ihr i tere oreo es wcll austopbobia han there main previous pid? “Axough euch questions have bec commonlac, dey cot Alinaug tfc imeat them wherever eg, crainy ia London be aoe esc co rany contac wenden; and the eee Ssoeee foe thn = ER Ot tne ego Grae te sarang pence ren oe = croc eae ene eee ees pees oo ‘conditions and prospects. : a eset ere ee ee one ‘Revion propcnes,advervements and fms; they are bert ere pre te Hoe ere os eee ee Soe Sere ea Sees cee ee eae eee eee Suen eaese eee Se ie atin! seed eee erie re Sees go See eee era ame eas oe aoe ee eae ke poems eee eee {sic wih he boundary of the proc Cou Intel sme eSof worhng cls an lover mide class people, who ae municipal ‘enamtybe frequently superior in design and appearance 0 the ‘Sera ft and expensive hones feat tras rove tecupiers, Toca wahory housing and ancl scemes ave © ‘uch improve the Tao sod areas of sever dca ‘ection of Pangan, Kensiagion, Westminster and eewhere— thot priate developers have ben propre to renovate adceat ‘sreat, The dae when the building of «rail sate In a reece’ aca was bitty resented, and when auch an ese re cnc by i beter gh, a bow pasta est Inaad eound Central London ‘When the Nav Suro of London Life and Laur mas carted cout inthe late tents, wes fund nt eiew of fore yrs af ‘hang’ the fre years which had gone by since Chars Booths ‘tminow ise survey was bogun—tat the reduction af povery Ind een peter inthe western ha ia the enor rea. Ta ener, the dni between eit and west had heen sccntated. But Since hen, this proces bu, patent, ot continued. Large res ‘ofthe Far En have bee transfrmedin a mans wich ont this good del ote preige of manspl artecure, even I itisotiavaably ofa high saderd. And whe planing and pic ‘aterprine hve played piv part in diminishing the outward ‘erences berween Londons retena dstc, faiss fe has la paral, hough ete lng ran a agate one Je by onc, many of the working ls quarters of London bave Treen inveded by the mile cses—upper and lower, Stay, nodes mews and coger ca rooms up and two dow—bave ‘een ta oer then thei ees have expired and ve come flan, expenine residences, Larger Vicor haus, dow faded in an caro reer peso which were used a lodging Houses or were otherwise in mulipleeccupatoa—have been up faded cace again, Nowasary, any of these hows ae being ‘blvd iat coy Heo houses (a tem ofthe new real ‘Sune sno jargon). ‘The caren soa status and vue of such ‘Gvelings ae beguety in averse selon wo the s,m ny ‘Sse enormouy nda by comparison with previous lin thir ‘opourhonds. Once this proces of “peniaton” stars in @ ‘Geri, goon reply et allo mor of the orginal wesking ‘us oscpier re clad, and the whole soa character ofthe iis cungel] There bs vey le fof the poorer enclaves of Hampetend sad en: nthe bros, topper ‘doa takeovers commited seme tine gt. The asion hae Since spread fo Tslagon, Pangan, Not Kesneon even fo {he spars of Nog kao Hass end wo sre oie ei, north nd south ifthe er (The East Hd hs 90 it tee exzop) And his an neitable evlpmens in view of the zmogmphic economic and pital preaure ich Lendoc, pec Central Londo, as ben suc {Compeiion fhe space har beers nore andre ints in {don Vario ors combine to sharpen this campeon = {he mtr ince” efcommmces and ted emo belo the emergence of new oxcpatios and por the demande fot temeling and parking space made by the rei going moe Gar poplton, the improves sod consent put expe Sin of i dca and allay serve The opt owing {nsandards tings moreover, ot nt ctintes toe he the Specs requieent, tr le ince thse of cia house. es, an esto crete more howell) As rel icoses nd aspirations ea poole get ariel eal nd ve longs, es ing boul opan tee a higher aioe homeola to Depalnon, wih a.conquent ince dena fr seer Sretings. Lasc but not lst, the competi for space thas ‘roa i oud to get xt a anda ea wasp aed ‘los, iv ther acid ne cooled, And si pecey ‘wht has happened The Greater Lando Plan of 19449 wat prepared in 8 resi nist mao premises inher fom # period of smamc Aepreion, when tre wre ef anal n-th apes fore poptnton destin; and when twa thought tat the mt Dolan tea ould bei consne The lan id note eer the demographic rence acto i int account was abet ‘on the amumpsin tat there wold teu stionary Population, ‘conomy md elu, arly been «stable amcor fo the guldance of deropment i afrtod of expnsion, And whe {chat ben (and il wd ch, with roe qualia Carnal pov conceit of ening “nig” the Pele inersthas been ierenng sbandona (Sine the Bes on tnd country planing egaon fas neck, ben antag‘ecstaion:the rey Actas been daily amended; development ‘nr neve been deanonlized; development values ave been een rea ete specaaton has thus been ‘Heated’, Thee ‘SES ogee wih the relaxation of ren conta, have ven ‘Tec lige tothe contntig inaon of propery’ pices Ww ‘Mhik London, even more than other rg cies is wine TH mance, eny dict in or aeat Londo, Dowenes SSF ‘SGntconabe ble ikely ro bose expensive nd London Susesona be acy mich rats the prince the survival Trike teste fancally Sites who can sl afr to work and Shute) Gor bng apy he ten Housing Miner aise those i CS pay the pre to move out) Thus London, avaye Mies cy? may segue a rave complain, Wile th cores of ‘ther ge cies in the work, specially of shove in the Unies ‘Sits, ts Secying and are becoming ghetoes of the “under ‘Siniteed’, Tandon may son be faced with an bara de ice PrN SSacal acer this wil prove to bea problem, to. ‘pac cbaver the consequences of such» surf of Bone, the faet seman thatthe socal peogaphy of London shows sme Hens etre tguher the bce isons are les suing than ‘hoy Ae tecmty or even ten yeas ago. And yet there abo (Rey tens of moving eprt—af «new Kind of diverifation, e fay we be equal i nt more, sini at eo ving toe and land vals even core 2,38 ld thing chm douse ae reconstructed, ad others are inte TE cain the rosining posits of Dght become dene. tae en quarts of te nen rack—vhich a ow onthe Bore hampal development td nose fr priate investment lio tt decay. They have been neglected fo lng hat they GUE fee prmatOthers, nearer the min routes ice © Tans idle cate nes boom ndgng-howe nics, where SFr ponte who have o Eee, oF who want obtain a fot Haul Je Comal London aze camined togeter—and feaoeny EEN pay exit ens forte prep. Sech drt caoot Ae cay by paned: they are gle offen inthe news they fie tem lcs: they are the Places where the most notorious 1a ciedrde ope: tha mooie population, aod epoca a at aft widowers’ hoa, bveconneios wth sci vest sal lye, rm te opto the Dut of the socal see sited ore aes pepe eae eet ea Praia en gel gre See eae Se ee Sao et ee ee ee eee ea ee Sue eee: a ee es Sa eee =o eee ee a ee Se ee ee oe oer ate Sa ee eae fore ering oe one ee 2gee eee ee ecpet ene ee rece eee Serre ss eee, ee eee eee ene Sees See oe a eee oe oleae eee ae Sore See ee ea St eee ee potas elndy tah eee a eee ee eee Se eee ee oes eee ean Se eeefe vies cngmerin of gp wh moe #19 maton ‘Spree een teydomesocasomly 3a Andl {is sb oot ol the maria men wh appear be repecd—ie acy te cranky the Iwi, ce ‘Sigel ltr ans apo pl cs aes aac gn gelatin ney eee Bees Spohn oa ioteee ae eae Sea Sate ace ar mou wok hat pos a ot 9, Fe ee ee ee eee Soest eee 1 etn rhe ope end is ree ee ag eer ee eee feieceeee eee Eeaemeree neers SaaS oe, eee 2, Aes ete enn Cent tine fas sath Marl apr af eee peat eb ok ‘SPARS SAP a as eer dp se sw Be ‘Shared penned hr dst erent Wet ‘nn heats Pe owing ie ose io bra 9 oc tne wine lc mat at stad er no wee Br) cerry | ia | cava | at Pipe ee ere ‘na Pl, Cen | sa Nene ep | ‘assad UAB) | ss] ‘Sto! «Ca iat | aten Mase Ha, Cry ter en | on uz00| 03) srs] 15 acpeund USSR uitie| $8] ister] 38 New Zt Rain Sate | ‘noreRrecrerermtnten ees Sa ces omen cee cerenioaren paar eee ee Sogo eee ee eee ea Se aera Sage eens eth Suse Gea SEU SAG ip Sh te ner te eo re See State eta tenet 2 foc: dd of era hoe ten tr weed tan pa peed fs the Ud So ‘Pestulcy tof tide’ Butbost oe be inert ad ely pw ear sci cy ts si sow seve Oe 22 Tro comlesiy bol he ry of J tk Bin sod eget b te fon Wa San Bry fe J SER Scie abate lod Gana ch Io (Ee ae Sa a na aay Serr Spam Ger ya ral he ES coea ees ‘Gow Peuguin Books edition of Anthy Rictangnd’y Th Clr Probie, 196 SS eee PART ONE. Features of Metropolitan Growth