A doctor is a person who!that treats sick people © Relative pronouns (who, which, whose, that) intro- duce relative clauses. We use relative clauses to identify the noun in the main clause. e.g. The man wito owns the shop is French, relative clause (The relative clause identifies which man we are talk- ing about) + We use who/that instead of subject pronouns (I, you, he, etc.) to refer to people. e.g. The gir! — she, ives next door — is from India. The gil who/that lives next door is trom India. ‘ Weuse which/that to refer to objects or animals. eg. The horse ie the race —is black. The horse which/that won the race is black. % We use whose instead of possessive adjectives (ry, your, hie, eto.) with people, objecte and an. imals in order to show possession. eg. That's the man — ,his,car was stolen. That's the man whose car was stolen, That's the bag — iis strap is broken. That's the bag whose sirap is broken. “people = =———who/that jslanimals——_which/that t whose Dogs are animals which/that we can keep as pets. This is a couple whose favourite winter sport is skiing. Look at the pictures and the prompts below and ask and answer questions, as in the exam SA: Who was Dickens? SB: He was the man who/that wrote Oliver Twist, da l- & Dickens / write Volta / invent the Columbus / ds: Oliver Twist electric battery cover America “al Von Zeppelin / build the Kelloggs | make Cleopatra | the frst aysnip Me rst comiiakes —_rule Egypt Look at the pictures and make sentences, as in the example. 0.9. A dishwasher ic a machine which/that you use to wash dishes. A flamingo is a bird which/that lives ina warm climate. famingoliive - | ina warm dishwasher! climate wash dishes lavmmower/ cut grass typewriter! type letters, ion /live in the photocopier/make jungle Photocopieswhich you bought from the pet shop? 2 Is this the puppy b whose wife had an accident lives next 3. The doctors oor. © whose husband is a 4 The man banker? ‘= d_ who lives next door 5 The country is called Helen. e which I like most is 6 The bicycle Dustin, 1 who work in thie hoe: pital are very good. @ which | was riding belongs to my brother. 7 Is this the woman Relative Pronouns as Subject on @bject @ We do not omit the relative pronoun when it is the subject of the relative clause, that is, when there is not a noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb. 2.9. Imet a girl Sheis trom Japan ‘met a girl who/that is from Japan. (The ret ative pronoun is the subject, there is not another pronoun or noun between who and ‘the verb Is.) @ We can omit the relative pronoun when it is the object of the relative clause, that is, when there is a noun or a subject pronoun between the rel- ative pronoun and the verb. eg. That's the hat. I bought,itast week i That's the hat (which/that) | bought last week. (The relative pronoun is the object, there Is the subject pronoun I hetween which/that anc the verb bought.) Fill in the correct relative pronoun. Then. write S for subject or O for object. Finally, state if the relatives can be omitted or not, in the boxes provided. 1 The cup ...which/that. is broken, 2 How olds the boy ........ hit you? 3 Have you used the gloves ncn . . bought you yet 4 Laura is talking to the man sw epaired her car. 5. Did you return the books you borrowed from the library? 6 They live in a big HOUSE oun is in the countryside, 7 Tm writing a letter to my aunt .... «lives in Australia, ' bought i 8 Ishe the man lives on the farm? 9 Is that the film we saw last week? 10 Is that the man stole your bag? 44 Where did you buy the dress -» YOu were wearing yesterday? 12 Have you replied to all the letters iensnmsnnn YOU FeGEIVEd? who's = whois or who has eg. ‘Who's (Who is) there?” “it's Juli.” Who's (Who has) got the dictionary? whose = possessive e.q. Jenny (s the airl whose mother is @ lawyer. ©) ainin nto on woes. That's the bay ...who'a... going to sell me his bike. 2 Her brother, ... name is Jack, is a fireman. 3. She's the girl run four marathons this year. 4 That's the man ... house was on tire yesterday. S Gheilais the gid snows mother works: in the flower shop. 6 She is the woman .... having a party tomorrow. 7 He's the man ..... just been promoted at work. 8 Mike is the man .. 9 Iam the person « married last week 10 Rob isthe one wife is in hospital. sister got eaten all the biscuits. aIeeatitytng/| ‘There are two types of relative clauses: Identitying relative clauses and non-identitying relative cl © An identitying relative clause gives necessary ¢ A non-identifying relative clause gives extra in- information and is essential to the meaning of the main sentence. The clause is not put in commas. ‘Who, which and that can be omitted when they are the object of the relative clause. e.g. People risk their lives. (Which people? We don't know. The meaning of the sentence is not clear.) People who/that drive dangerously risk their lives. (Which people? Those who drive dangerously.) The book was exciting. (Which book? We do not know. The meaning of the sentence (snot clear.) ‘The-book whtoh tba (you lent ate tas eat ting. (Which book? The one you lent me.) Fill in the relative pronoun. Put commas where necessary. Write | for identifying, NI for non-identifying and if the relative can be omitted or not. 1 Mr Cross, who lives next door, broke his leg last week. 2 That's the woman drives the school bus. 3 My sister 1S called Sarah is younger than | am, 4 The cake ...was covered in chocolate was delicious. BV KMOW BOY swvreneerens Mother ig a buildar 6 Thisis the pen oon gave me for my birthday. 7 Stuart is older than me loves riding his bicycle, 8 This book old belongs to my father. 9 Have you seen the cat has only got three legs? 10 Fred. sno i$ thirty years ‘old got married last week AD The gil oo - is sitting on the floor is called Emily 42 That car .......I8 very expensive belongs to my Uncle George. he is very formation and is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence. In nonidentifying relative clauses the relative pronouns cannot be omitted. That cannot replace who or which. The clause is put in commas. e.g. Mr Stevenson is my neighbour. (The meaning of the sentence is clear.) ‘Mr Stevenson, who used to work ina bank, is my neighbour. (The relative clause gives extra ‘Information.) My car is a Fiat Uno. (The meaning of the sentence is clear) My car, which | bought five years ago, is a Fiat Uno. (The relative clause gives extra information.) e% Choose the correct answer. 41 An airship is an aircraft...B.. looks lie a big balloon. A who B which c why 2 The Titanic hit an Iceberg, That's... it SANK. A where B why ¢ whieh 3 Guy Fawkes was a man .... tried to blow up the English Houses of Parliament in 1605, A who B which © whose 4 The rabbit is an animal only eats plants and vegetables. ‘A who B whose C that 5 Athens is the city Games took place. the first modern Olympic A that B which C where 6 Edison was the man .. invented the light bulb. A when B which c who 7 1966 was the year . England won the football World Cup. A when B which ¢ who 8 1492 was the year ... Columbus discovered America. A which D where © when 9 Whales are mammals can stay uncer water for 20 minutes without having to come up for air. A who B that © whose