SADE 3.60 Traass - ; vane the largest city in India, with a population of 13 million, covers a coastal stretch of 603 sq km, i i i i island city (or main city), the westem suburbs and the =, te fine HE ely eis a huge amount of waste. Managing such waste poe ca: nase tsk for the local administration. The Municipal Corporation of Greater Niwot ueen is in charge of the management ‘of waste in the city. On a aah basis, ain i tons comprising biodegradable and recyclable materials, debri aL THe: ada A up of Tegetable and fruit remainders a speiled fone eggshells. cotton, und so on. Newspapers, plastic, battery cells, wires, iron sheets. 7 ess cone recyclable waste. Debris includes construction waste, renovation waste, demolition waste and the like. arth road comers make up the ; 2 TR poralingspposc 1 6 m tpecn one of collection and disposal that is, garbage ‘The prevailing approach to waste management has f u me is collected from communities by the municipal authoritics and disposed of at various dumping sites thar are currently servicing the city. Garbage collectors manually collect the waste generated at the household level and dumps them in the garbage bin at specified strect comers There are about 6000 community bins in the city, This largely manual operation involves 35,000 personnel employed by the MCGM and i collected by a ficet of 800 vehicles, including vehicles hired from private contractors, that work in shifts every day. For collecting and transporting garbage and debris, municipal and private vehicles need to inike close to 2,000 trips every day. Community participation in waste management is being promoted by MCGM. Under a joint project started by the Government of India and MCGM in collaboration with United Nations Center for Human Settlements community participation is waste management is being encouraged. This program is called “Advanced Locality Management” (ALM). It is 3 community-based approach for effective management of civic services. Under ALM communities with help from NGOs make arrangements for the waste 10 be collected by ragpickers and then process biodegradable wastes and sell the recyclable material. MCGM pro vides subsidy and technical help to construct composting pits in these localities. NGOs play ar important role in this set-up by organizing the ragpickers and providing them the necessary training for col lecting and composting the waste. MCGM also partners with Excel industries in converting the organic component of solid wastes int manure through mechanical aerobic composting. Excel Industry Limited is one of the India’s larges agrochemical companies. They are leaders in the field of solid waste management that help in sustainubl. management of urban environment. The Biotech division of the company looks after the conversion of th urban solid waste into useful organic manure through controlied aerobic composting. This process consist: of two stages: (i) biological process for decomposition of organic matter and (ii) mechanical process fo screening the decomposed organic matter. Waste is collected by MCGM and supplicd to the differen compost plants of Excel Industries and then the waste is processed through acrobic composting. Compostin provides a sustainable recycling procedure through which the organic and biodegradable portion of solis waste is converted to produce fertilizers that can be used for soil enhancement. Paresh Shinde has been working in MCGM for the past ten years. Recently he has been assigned th charge of waste management for wards A, B, C, D and E of greater Mumbai. Previously waste generate’ trom Oise wonls was being dumped at landfills. But now with rising concems about these open dumps tha a ae elk an reco pas the focus is shifting towards more environment-fricnu): celles oes ne aresh assigned the job of preparing 2 schedute for transporting th generated to three compost plants located at Deonar, Mulund and Gorai which ar Operated by Excel Industries. At these plants, the waste will be converted to coi i ‘Compostin mpost by acrodi mi ‘Waste generated from each of the wards is given in Table | and the di vard to the compost plants are given in Table 2. stance from the w:Distance in km ‘The transportation cost per ton of waste per km is Rs.10 and the operating costs per ton of waste at the Deonar, Mulund and Gorai plants are Rs. 12, Rs. 11.5 and Rs. 7. respectively. The capacity of the Deonar plant is 400 tons whereas those of Mulund and Gorai plants are 300 and 650 tons respectively. Paresh needs to determine how much waste from each ward should be sent to cach of the three compost plants so that the total cost of transporting as well as the operating cost of composting the waste is minimized. Paresh tries to remember the different tools that he Ieamt in college. as an applied mathematics major, that could help him solve the above problem. Suddenly the models taught by Prof. Kulkarni in the linear programming class come to his mind. Help Paresh formulate the above problem as a linear programming model. (@ What is the minimum cost that MCGM incurs for the above waste management initiative? @) MCGM is considering setting up an ALM program in wards A & B for community parti waste management. This would require an initial investment of Rs. 300000 on the part of MCGM and the processing cost of the waste generated-in wards A and B will increase to Rs, 50. Paresh has been asked to do a cost-benefit analysis for this altemative initiative. Does it make economic sense on MCGM's part to go ahead with the ALM project? (ii) IF the transportation cost per ton per km can be reduced by Re |, will setting up an ALM program for waste management in wards A and B still make economic sense? (iv) An NGO has approached Paresh with a project through which they will train local ragpickers to Sepatate recyclable materials from solid waste. On an average 25% of the waste generated contains recyclable materials such as newspapers, plastic, iron sheets, glass and the like. The recyclable materials can be sold at Rs. 50 per ton. After separation of the recyclable materials. MCGM would have to transport the rest of the solid waste to the compost plants. The NGO would need financial support from MCGM and they estimate that organizing the ragpickers and providing them initial training would cost would be the total cost of waste management incurred by MCGM under this new ation in,