MODULE 220 al Reported speech Before you start Review these intermediate grammar points and check you know them. Reporting speech directly 1 We report speech directly in writing by using the exact words between inverted commas, i.e, we quote the original words. We do not use that to introduce direct speech: He leaned towards them and whispered, ‘Be sure to lock your door tonight.’ 2 The reporting verb (said, replied, etc.) can go in any of these positions: Lovell said, ‘Houston, we have a problem.’ ‘Houston, we have a problem,’ Lovell said. ‘Houston,’ said Lovell/Lovell said, ‘we have a problem.’ 3 When we put the reporting verb after direct speech, it can go before the subject, unless the subject is a pronoun: a ‘The operation was a success,’ she said. ¥ ‘The operation was a success,’ said the surgeon. Tense changes in reported (indirect) speech eae present simple: past simple: “The concert starts at eight.’ He said the concert started at eight. to _ Present continuous: past continuous: pate “Vm leaving in ten minutes.’ She decided she was leaving in ten minutes. present perf past perfect: “We've been living here He revealed they'd been living there for years. for years.’ past simple: past perfect simple: Unit 50.2 A that the price B the price C that it the price 2 He...... that his mobile phone had been out of action all day > Unit 50.2 A toldme B said C told 3. The doctor advised ..... drink more water. > Unit 50.4 A me that I should B that me! should C me to 4 The President ..... Ist March 2000 as a great day for the nation. > Unit 50.4 A promised to commemorate B promised that he would commemorate C promised commemorating 5. Even under great pressure O'Brien denied .... taken part in the attack, > Unit 50.6 A having B tohave C not having 6 Lyn hates the idea of growing old. She said yesterday that she wished. > Unit $1.1 she ..... young A had still been B is still C was still 7 Frank said ..... a fantastic new job, but it wasn’t true > Unit 51.2 A he'd got B he’s got C he has 8 Laura was so certain last night that she ..... here by now. > Unit 51.3 A would be B is C will be 9. The specialist told Malcolm that he ..... lose at least 20 kilos. > Unit 51.5 A must B hadto C have to 10 Your...... Jodie was ‘dispensable’ was extremely unkind. > Unit 51.6 A remark B remarked that C remark that 11 Sonya’s advice that ...., early was pretty useless! > Unit 51.6 A we arrived B we should arrive C we arrive 12 Maureen ..... if anybody had reported a missing person to the police yet. > Unit 52.1 A wanted to know B said C asked 13 At the interview, they asked what ..... about hard selling techniques. > Unit 52.1 A did know B dol know C I knew 14. We asked the travel agent ..... there was a swimming pool at the villa. > Unit 52.1 A if B ifornot C whether or not 15. ‘Isn't that expensive!’ + She ..., expensive. > Unit 52.2 A complained that it was _B asked if that wasn’t C exclaimed if it was 16 1..... the sofa to be delivered the next Monday. > Unit 52.2 A asked that B asked for C wanted to know that 4 Check your answers on page 384. Then go to the unit for more information and practice. me 22150 222 Patterns in reported speech “We understand it stil that there is no easy road to freedom We know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success. We must therefore act together In his first speech as South Africa's President in as a united people ...” ‘May, 1994, Nelson Mandela explained that there ‘was no easy road to freedom and that nobody acting alone could achieve success. He urged everyone to act together as a united people Direct and reported speech Itis possible, though rare, to quote words directly in speech. We may do this if we want to focus on the exact words spoken: But did he actually say ‘T miss you’? We usually report words using indirect speech in conversations as we do not have punctuation to clearly signal what is the reported speech: But did he actually tell you that he missed you? Common reporting verbs ‘There are a number of common verbs (reporting verbs) used to report statements. They are often followed by that, e.g. say, tell, add, answer, reply, mention, remark, shout: For the third time that day, the minister replied that it was out of the question. We can omit that after most reporting verbs, especially in conversation, but we prefer not to after reply, respond and answer, and we rarely omit it after shout x , I shouted that they were barred from the club. J I said they were barred from the club. There are differences in use between say and tell X Heesuicbies ‘ | He said that his phone wasn’t working. / He said to us that his phone wasn’t working. X Hetold- that his phone-wasn’tworking. Xx He-told-to-us-that tis phone waste working: ¥ He told us that his phone wasn't working. When we are reporting more than one sentence, it is not necessary to repeat the reporting verb: Tom insisted that he hadn't been there. He had worked late, and had then gone straight home. We can also report our thoughts using verbs such as think, decide, dream or imagine: She never imagined that it would be so difficult to run for the Senate, When we report a negative statement we usually make the verbs within the statement negative: ‘He hasn’t arrived yet.’ + She said that he hadn’t arrived yet. But with some verbs, e.g. think, expect, plan, intend, the reporting verb itself is usually negative: ‘She won't be on time.’ + I didn’t expect that she'd be on time. Using different reporting verbs A large number of reporting verbs are ‘functional’; they indicate the purpose of the original speech: “You should stop smoking.’ + He advised her to stop smoking. (advice) ‘If you do that again, I'll call the police,’ + He threatened to call the police. (warning) In informal conversation we usually report speech with the verbs say and tell. In more formal speech and in writing, we use a greater variety of reporting verbs: Dad told me he thought I should inform the judge. "think you should inform the judge.’ ‘rhe jayyer advised me to inform the judge.4 Reporting verbs (+ clause) VERB ONLY (+ PRONOUN) ‘I'm really sorry.’ + She apologised. EXAMPLES agree apologise refuse VERB + (that) CLAUSE ‘Thacked into the accounts system.’ + He admitted (that) he had hacked into the system. EXAMPLES accept acknowledge add admit agree announce answer* argue assert assume believe boast comment complain concede conclude confess continue* decide declare deny doubt exclaim expect explain feel foresee imagine imply insist know mention notice observe point out predict promise propose* protest recommend remark repeat reply* report respond reveal say shout™ state suggest suppose vow whisper * thats obligatory Some of these verbs can be followed by an infinitive or -ing form. (See the charts below.) Some of these verbs can be followed by the subjunctive (> Unit 40.1). VERB + OBJECT + that CLAUSE ‘Don't worry. You'll arrive on time,’ —+ She reassured me that I would arrive on time. EXAMPLES advise assure inform reassure remind tell warn 5. Reporting verbs + infinitive VERB + fo INFINITIVE ‘We'll collect the children, if you like.’ + They offered to collect the children. EXAMPLES agree demand guarantee offer promise propose refuse swear threaten volunteer vow VERB (+ OBJECT) (+ not) + to INFINITIVE ‘Please can I use the car?’ + She asked to use the car. ‘Please let me stay.’ + She begged us to let her stay. EXAMPLES ask (Gomebody) beg (somebody) expect (somebody) want (somebody) VERB + OBJECT (+ not) + to INFINITIVE ‘You shouldn't say anything.’ + L advised him not to say anything. EXAMPLES advise allow challenge command compel encourage forbid force implore instruct invite order permit persuade remind request tell urge warn VERB + OBJECT + (to INFINITIVE) + COMPLEMENT ‘Michael Schumacher is the greatest racing driver ever.’ — She considers Michael Schumacher (to be) the greatest racing driver ever. EXAMPLES acknowledge assume believe consider declare expect feel find presume suppose think understand 6 Reporting verbs + -ing form VERB + -ing FORM He denied doing it. He denied having done it. EXAMPLES admit apologise for decide on deny mention propose recommend regret report suggest VERB + OBJECT+ PREPOSITION + ~ing FORM ‘You forged the cheques, didn't you?’ + They accused me of forging the cheques. EXAMPLES accuse somebody of blame somebody for congratulate somebody on thank somebody for ‘didn’t do it.’ + 22350 arrennsin rerorteo seeecn 224 Practice Use the words to write reported statements. Start with the underlined word or phrase. 1 that informed she was ill the photographer us 2 assumed Gemma’s brother be the young man everyone to 3 justice to the guilty person to vowed Inspector Stanford bring 4 on Thursday theleaflet that the collection be would said Sally having from the cupboard the biscuits taken admitted 6 did extra tell haveto theguide forlunch not we'd us pay 7 closed the museum not imagine we today that did be would 8 ourdirector through a difficult year us working for thanked so hard Report each of these statements, using a suitable verb from the box, as in the example. There are five extra verbs. Listen and check. accuse admit apologise blame consider deny encourage persuade reassure refuse regret remind reply suggest warn © Lily: ‘I will not take part in the new play.’ Lily. refused to.take. part. in, the. new. play. 1 My friend Tina: ‘Don’t you ever tell anyone about my problems again!” 2. My manager: ‘It was your fault that we lost the Siemens contract.’ 3. The art critic: ‘Picasso was definitely the most exciting artist of the twentieth century. 4 The reporter: ‘I'm terribly sorry about getting the Minister's name wrong.’ 5 The police officer: 6 My friends: ‘Come on ~ you can do the marathon with us. You're just as good as us.’ 7 The team manager: ‘I feel terrible now about contradicting Julie in front of the team.’ 8 My wife: Don’t worry about the arrangements. They're all under control. 9 My mother: ‘You had your tonsils taken out at the age of nine, remember?”ial 3 Read this summary. Choose the correct reporting verb in 1-8. Write one word only in the gaps A-H. isten and check Key points in the President's speech INTRODUCTION (3) encouraged / insisted that they would be met. President Obama started by (1) thanking / blaming The President (4) promised / assured (E) his predecessor (A) providing service to actin order to create new jobs, improve health the nation, and he reminded the audience care and explore renewable energy. ® 44 Americans had INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS now taken the presidential oath, With regard to defence, he (5) apologised / denied in prosperity and peace, or that America had to make a choice between ‘other conditions. safety and ideals, and he insisted (F) THE ECONOMY the country is a friend to all nations who seek He went on (C) peace. He (6) added / expected that earlier say that the country was generations had used conviction and alliances to in the middle of a crisis. overcome enemies. He (2) urged / explained CONCLUSION that this took the form He concluded by (7) suggesting / encouraging his of both war and a citizens (G) remember the words of failing economy. George Washington and meet whatever may come He stated that with hope and virtue. He (8) urged / guaranteed these problems them (H) to be disheartened and to carry 0) not be the gift of freedom to future generations. met easily, but he Eight of these sentences contain mistakes in grammar or punctuation. Find and correct the mistakes, as in the example. Tick (/) the correct sentences. {These traffic-calming measures have been put into place for a very good reason,’ he. sai saidhe, ‘The doctor reminded me to not take the tablets before meals. Delia commented that fresh coriander could be found in any good supermarket now. The child shouted he wanted to go home to his mother And then the interviewer actually said that’s a lie, Minister. My accountant advised to me keep all my receipts and give them to him. nk wo A lot of older people regret not to have gone to university when they were younger and had the opportunity. Alicia implored her eldest son not to join the army. The doorman at the entrance demanded being shown proof of my age. eas When Jason asked about the source of the meat at the restaurant, the waiter answered “it was all sourced locally”. 10 The runner-up congratulated the new champion winning the most prestigious tournament of the year. sre pr 22551 226 Changes in reported speech ‘Friends and Comrades, NEHRU SPOKE eloquently earlier the light has gone out of today about the assassination of our lives and there is Mahatma Gandhi. He started by darkness everywhere. Ido _tllinghis people that the light had gone out of their lives. He added that there is darkness everywhere. not know what to tell you and how to say it... AP He said he didn't know what to tell so the cremation will tke the people and how to say it, He place on Saturday in Delhi finished by announcing that the city by the side of the cremation will take place on Jamuna river...” Saturday in Delhi No backshift Although we often change the tense of the original words in reported speech (backshift), we do not when « the reporting verb is in a present tens He says that these fish do not survive in salt water. + the reported verb is in the past perfect: “They'd arrived an hour early.’ + I said they'd arrived an hour early. the direct speech includes an ‘unreal’ past (> Unit 40): X Janice-said-that she wished she had been younger ¥ Janice said that she wished she were younger. ‘Twish were younger.’ Obligatory backshift ‘We always change the tense if we no longer believe the direct speech statement is true: ¥ ‘He said he was going to join us, but I don’t think he will.’ Kim just called. She said she’s going on holiday with Paula. (still true) She said she was going with Paula, but Paula can’t get time off work. (no longer true) ‘Where's Tom this evening?’ Optional backshift In some cases we can choose to change the tense or not. This often depends on the relationship of the reported event to the time of reporting it. For example, if we report ‘I'm going to Rome tomorrow morning’ on the day it is said, we are likely to say: Susanna said she’s going to Rome tomorrow morning. But reported a few days later, we are more likely to say: Susanna said she was going to Rome the next morning. We don’t usually change the tense when « the reported action is still happening or going to happen: ‘Lam working on a tentative settlement.’ = The negotiator said he is working on a tentative settlement. (still working on it) “There is darkness everywhere.’ —+ Nehru said there is darkness everywhere. (That is still the situation at the time of reporting the speech.) « the reported verb expresses a fact or situation that cannot or is unlikely to change: He explained that these animals roamed the earth millions of years ago. He told us that counselling is not the answer for everyone. « the verb comes after a time conjunction, e.g. when, after: Martin replied that he had started the job immediately after he left school. Note that in all of these cases, it is also possible, and correct, to change the tense: The negotiator said he was working on a tentative settlement. Martin replied that he had started the job immediately after he had left school4 Changes and additions with adverbs If the place or time of reporting is significantly different from that in the original speech, we often need to make changes to adverbs of place and time: Alex said, ‘I’ meet you here again tomorrow at 3.30.’ Alex said she would meet us there again the next day at 3.30. But if the statement is reported on the same day and in the same place, we would say: Alex said she will would meet us here again tomorrow at 3.30. He finished by announcing that the cremation will take place on Saturday in Delhi .. We often use adverbs in reported speech to indicate HOW the original words were said: ‘Jewellery is not allowed!" — She told us very sharply that jewellery wasn’t allowed. ‘Oh, add my name if you must.’ + Dad reluctantly agreed that we could add his name. 5 Modal verbs Ought to, used to, could, might, would, need and should do not change in reported speech: "You ought to listen to your father.’ Mum told me that I ought to listen to my father. “You needn't stay if you don’t want to.’ + My boss said I needn't stay if I didn’t want to. But we need to make changes to other modal verbs: “The new law will be in place soon.’ She said the new law would be in place soon. ‘Publication may be delayed.’ -* The editor said that publication might be delayed. ‘Julian can’t have written the letter.’ I told them Julian couldn’t have written the letter. Shail becomes would when it refers to the future, but should when it is a suggestion: ‘Tshall tell them everything.’ —* I decided I would tell them everything. ‘Shall we tell the manager?” -» She suggested that they should tell the manager. We can use both must and had to in reported speech: ‘You must lose twenty kilos!’ + The doctor said that I must/had to lose twenty kilos. ‘They must have finished.’ + We thought that they must/had to have finished. 6 Reporting with nouns As well as reporting speech with a reporting verb, we can use a noun + that to report someone's words when we want to add more information: PRIME MINISTER The recession will soon be over. — The Prime Minister said that the recession would soon be over. + The Prime Minister's statement that the recession would soon be over was ridiculed by the Opposition. KENNY You should try the new Chinese restaurant, It’s excellent. = Kenny recommended that we try the new Chinese restaurant. + What did you think of Kenny’s recommendation that we try the new Chinese restaurant? We do not usually leave out that after reporting nouns: Te eo More on use of nouns (nominalisation) > Unit 78.1 22;51 ciawces nv neronreo speech 228 Practice Read the conversation and choose the correct words in italics. If both options are possible, choose both. EDEEES Listen and check. sue Sorry I’m late ~ I got held up in traffic. Have I missed Len? MIA Yes, he left after lunch, He made a lovely speech. It was short, but very good. He started by saying that he (1) has / had really enjoyed his twenty years in the firm, and he wished he (2) can / could stay longer, but that his health (3) isn’t / wasn’t really good enough any more. suk Mmm, I think his heart is the main reason he's retiring. MIA Yes, that’s right. He said he’d never forget the day he started. He said he thought (4) he’d made | he’s made a terrible mistake when he (5) left / had left at five — his boss called him back and told him that he (6) must / had to work to five thirty. Nobody had told him that in the interview — stupid, isn’t it? suk Yes, awfull But he (7) can / could have asked someone to be sure, really. Did he say what he (8) intends / intended to do in the future? MIA. Well, he let us into a little secret. He explained that he (9) came / had come into quite a lot of money recently, and that he and his wife are going to Australia for six months to see their son, and that they (10) may / might decide to stay there. SUE Really? So that's the real reason he’s leaving. MIA. He says not. He insisted that he (11) will / would stay at the company if it weren’t for his health, but I don’t believe him. Anyway, he finished by thanking all of (12) them / us for being such good colleagues for the last twenty years. Report these voicemail messages, as in the example. Change the tenses, pronouns and adverbs as necessary. (6 Hi, Mum, It’s Lucy here, just phoning to say Happy Birthday. 'm going to be out all afternoon but I'll try you again later.” 1 Lucy phoned to say Happy. Birthday. She said she's going to. be. out all. afternoon, but.. shelll try. you. again. later, «Elaine, hi. It's Rosemary here. | didn’t get to Spanish last night as I'd been out all day and | got home late. !'ll ring again to find out what the homework is. 9? 2 Rosemary called a couple of days ago. She said .., 0h, er, hello. This is Christine Reynolds. I'm phoning to find out the results of my blood test. 'm going on holiday tomorrow morning so I'd be grateful if you could ring me back later. 9? 3. Doctor, Christine Reynolds left a message earlier today. She said 4 Good afternoon. This is Tim at Barrett's Supermarket Delivery Service. I'm afraid that we can’t fulfil your order, as you didn’t include credit card details on your website order form. We must have these details, or payment in advance, to fulfil an order. Ill await your instructions. 9? 4 Someone called from Barrett's a few days ago. He saidGI 3 Rewrite these sentences in reported speech, as in the example. Decide whether to change the tenses and adverbs of 0 ‘The London Eye is now the most popular tourist destination in London.’ ‘The guidebook states ¢hat.the. London. Eye. ie. naw. the. mast. popular. tourist. destination, in London, 1 ‘I've decided to stay another week as the research is going so well here.” Professor Jones rang from Vancouver. He said 2. ‘We've got tickets for the opera this weekend.” Gerry and Louisa told me last week that 3. ‘The smaller islands are mostly uninhabited and very peaceful.’ There are so many people here! But that TV programme a few weeks ago said 4 ‘Mums really ill. I wish we didn’t live so far away from her.’ Georgia was really depressed last night. She told me that 5. ‘The house is in a very pleasant cul-de-sac, and there aren't many children there.’ Here's the road. Oh no ~ it’s awful! But the estate agent insisted that 6 ‘The accused first met the Wilsons when he decorated their living room.’ In court, the lawyer claimed that 7 ‘Shall we switch to an online banking system?” My husband suggested that 8 ‘You mustn't leave your car in these parking bays for more than twenty minute The traffic warden explained 4 Use the verbs in brackets to complete each sentence. Change one verb into a reporting noun and use the other to complete the statement, as in the example. 0 We were all astonished by the pilot's announcement that the smooth landing /ad been. entirely on autopilot. (be / announce) 1 The official's that he es the documents on the train created a stir in the Department of Defence. (admit / leave) 2 Frankly, at this newspaper no one believes Riley’s that he money to allow his opponent to win the snooker championship. (accept / deny) 3. The defendant's that the accused her over a period of twenty months needs to be carefully considered. (allege / stalk) 4 What about Amanda's lack of concentration at work? Did you believe her that she from stress-induced headaches? (suffer / explain) 5. ‘Did you query the solicitor's bill?’ ‘Yes, I did, but I wasn’t impressed by his that the extra charges ,, because we had withheld information!’ (be applied / respond) 22952 Reported questions, commands and requests ‘Today | want to talk about piracy and music. What is piracy? Piracy is the act of stealing an artist's work without any intention of paying for it." 1. Reported questions Reported question word order is the same as in statements: He asked [wes ‘ee feeling ung. She asked (Whit \piracy, Was) A The word order above is fixed: AX She-asked- what waspiraey: We do not use auxiliary do, does or did in reported questions: X They-asked-the driver where-did-the-bus-stop. J They asked the driver where the bus stopped. We introduce indirect closed (yes/no) questions with if or whether: Lester wondered iffwhether there was anything better in life. We can present alternatives with whether/if ... or not. We can put or not immediately after whether but NOT immediately after if: Deborah asked whether or not there was a lift in the apartment block. Deborah asked whether!if there was a lift in the apartment block or not. In indirect open questions we use a question word: The nurse asked when exactly the pain had started. A we report negative questions which express surprise or criticism with a ‘functional’ verb (> Unit 50.4): AX She-asked if the play trade bce frst ¥ She exclaimed that the play had been fantastic. a a Pero ¥ He complained that the rule was stupid. “Wasn't the play fantastic?’ + ‘Isn’t the rule stupid?” + 2. Reported commands, requests, etc. In indirect commands we use a reporting verb, e.g. tell, oder, command, forbid + to + infinitive: When the vet had finished, he told them to let the animal sleep. He forbade us to pass on any of the information to the authorities. We use ask for reporting requests, and heg or urge with urgent requests: ‘Please come back later.’ + His secretary asked me to come back later. We can use ask for + passive infinitive if ask has no object: The cinema manager asked for the culprit to be brought to his office. AY Note that to report a negative command or request, we put not to before the verb (except with forbid, which already has a negative meaning): Several members of the royal family urged Edward VIII not to abdicate. Tasked you not to bring a present. (= I said ‘Please don’t bring a present.’) ‘This is different from: didn't ask you to bring a present. (no request made) ‘We can report statements that fulfil other functions in the same way: ‘Come on. 1 give you a lift.’ + Geoff offered to give me a lft For other verbs with to + infinitive > Unit 50.5 2302 {A] 8Come in. ‘Did you have a good journey? . 2 Would you like to freshen up before dinner? Practice Now, do you like spicy food or not? Complete these reports, [E] «What's going on? *Oh no, those two Harris using the information in the speech bubbles. SIGiey ater balling the others eae} ae ‘are they? SOK, bring them to the office. * Louisa, call their parents for me, will you? (CJ Oh, James. «Where are you going? "Please, please, don't go rock climbing (1D) Good morning. Thanks for coming at such osinithis weekend: s9Dan't you short notice. Would you like a cup of tea? Ok. tealise how worried | get? “Please take a seat. ‘Have you considered our offer? *Are you ready to join the elite tear? A. When we arrived at the address, our new landlady asked (0)... 1.20, conte. i... and she wanted to know (1) - nsnesuses good journey. She asked (2) before dinner. Then she enquired (3) B The head teacher asked (4) . , then, when he investigated the source of the noise, he (3) that the two Harris children were bullying the others again. He asked © sen to the office, then he 2) cose their parents for him. James's wife was realy upset when he came downstais with his overnight bag. She (8) p She (9) rock climbing again that weekend and she (10) . D The leader of the team thanked me for coming at such short notice. She (1) cess a cup of tea and (12) . . Then she got to the point and asked (13) their offer, and (14) to join the elite team There is a mistake in each of these reported questions, commands and requests. Find the mistake and correct the example. Listen and check. not to The police ordered the onlookers te-not go near the crime scene. Andy was really excited about the new job and asked if could he start straightaway. The prime minister asked for the new crime bill to draft as soon as possible. The builder told us let the plaster dry completely before we paint it. ‘The neighbours asked if or not we had heard anything during the night. Dad asked me where I'd been all night? Carol was running as fast as she was able to, wondering how possibly could she get away from this maniac. anew nHo The salesperson wanted to know what is the problem with the new fax machine. Sandra begged to her landlord not to evict her before she had found somewhere else to live. 9 ‘Please don’t tell the others about this.’ + Harriet didn’t beg us to tell the others about it. 10 ‘Doesn't the bride look lovely!’ + She asked whether the bride looked lovely. GlReview mobule 11 1 Complete this report. For 1-8, write the verb in brackets in the correct form. For A-F, use a verb from the box in the correct form (which may be a noun). add assert explain joke quote thank Last night at the Emmy Awards | On receiving the first Bob Hope Humanitarian Award, |. oprah Winfrey started by A) everyone for |. voting for her. She stated that nothing (1) be) more important to her than striving to be a good human being and (8) that receiving the first award was beyond expression, Oprah went on to describe her childhood in Nashville and her father, who owned a barber's shop. Smiling fondly, she recalled | his stubbornness and her (C) that he still @) (own) it because she 8) (not/can) get him to retire raised a laugh. Her (0) that she (4) (learn) her sense of humanity from her father was very moving: she (E) that he 6) (always invite) the local transients to dinner because they ‘wanted the same from life as everyone else — to be fed’ She finished by (F) Maya Angelou: ‘When you learn, teach. When you get, give’, and she emphasised that the award (6) (mean) that she (7) (continue) to give back to the world what it ® . (give) to her. 2 Write the reported questions, commands and requests, using the verbs given. 1 Student: ‘Does the university library open on Sundays or not?’ (wanted) 2 Julie’s mother: ‘Julie, please don’t talk with your mouth full - it really isn’t polite.’ (urged) 3. Manager: ‘Could someone take the minutes and type them up afterwards?” (asked for) 4 Becky: ‘Mike, whatever you do, please don’t let the children leave the garden.’ (begged) 5. Jeremy: ‘Wasn’t the meal awful? It was cold and had far too much salt in it.” (complained) 2323 What did these people say? Rewrite the reported versions of some quotations by famous people in direct speech. 1 Pablo Picasso once claimed that age only mattered when one was ageing. He said that as he had arrived at a great age, he might just as well be twenty. 2 Writer George Bernard Shaw once said that the liar’s punishment was not that he was not believed, but that he could not believe anyone else. 3 Groucho Marx once asked a club to accept his resignation because he didn’t want to belong to any club that would accept him as a member. 4 President John F Kennedy once told the American people to ask not what their country could do for them, but to ask what they could do for their country. 4 Read the article and choose the correct word or phrase, A, B or C, for each gap. | i no do use the Internet for more than five hours Worries about Internet use [oes ined hat hey sper iss te with A RECENT SURVEY into Internet use has thrown | their family and friends. One in four of the total tp some worrying results, The Stanford University _ | respondents also said that the time they spent survey asked respondents how much time working at home (6)...... benefiting (1)... on the Internet and (2)..... Internet use had_| their employers. affected the amount of time they spent with family | Professor of Political Science at Stanford, Norman and friends. It aso enquired whether their Internet | Nie, (7)..... that we are moving from a world Use (3)... the time respondents spent working, _| where we know and see neighbours and friends to either at home or in the office. The answers were | one where interaction (8) .... place at a distance. interesting, but not unexpected. Two-thirds of He asked rhetorically whether (9)... @ hug or hear the people surveyed responded that (4)..... fewer | a warm voice over the Internet. It seems that the than five hours a week on the Internet. The survey | results of the survey prove that the Internet (10) concludes that the behaviour of these people people into solitary beings who can’t be bothered (6)... litle. However, a quarter of those people | to call their mother on her birthday. did they spend B they did spend C they spent whether B what C if or not had increased B was increased C have increased they still spending B ‘Istill spend... C they still spent changed B had changed C has changed increased B had increased C increases explains us B saysus C tells us takes B had taken C took ornot B could we get C we could get isturning B wasturning C had turned 1A 2A 3A 4A SA 6A 7A BA 9A OA 233