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GALLBLADDER
GALLBLADDER
GALLBLADDER
•CONCENTRATES BILE
THROUGH THE GALLBLADDER
EPITHELIUM
•STORES CONCENTRATED BILE
•CONTRACTS TO RELEASE BILE
GALLBLADDER
DIVISIONS
• FUNDUS
• BODY
• NECK
GALLBLADDER LOCATION
•INTRAPERITONEAL
•LOCATED IN THE
GALLBLADDER FOSSA ON THE
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE
GALLBLADDER
•LATERAL TO THE INFERIOR
VENA CAVA, ANTERIOR AND
MEDIAL TO THE RIGHT KIDNEY
GALLBLADDER ANATOMICAL
VARIANTS
• HARTMANN POUCH
GALLBLADDER ANATOMICAL
VARIANTS
• JUNCTIONAL FOLD
GALLBLADDER ANATOMICAL
VARIANTS
• PHRYGIAN CAP
GALLBLADDER SIZE
•NORMAL FASTING ADULT
GALLBLADDER MEASURES
8-10 IN LENGTH AND 3-5 CM
IN DIAMATER
SONOGRAPHIC
APPEARANCE
NORMAL FASTING
GALLBLADDER
• ELLIPSOID ANECHOIC STRUCTURE
LOCATED IN THE GALLBLADDER FOSSA
WITH POSTERIOR ACOUSTIC
ENHANCEMENT
• DEMONSTRATES SMOOTH
HYPERECHOIC WALLS 3 mm OR LESS
• LOCATED IN THE INFERIOR MEDIAL
ASPECT OF THE LIVER
ABNORMAL FASTING
GALLBLADDER
•TRANSVERSE DIAMETER ABOVE 5 CM
•THICK OR EDEMATOUS WALL 3 mm
•IRREGULAR WALL CONTOUR
•INTRALUMINAL FOCUS OR ECHOES
•ACOUSTIC SHADOWING POSTERIOR
TO THE GALLBLADDER FOSSA
SONOGRAPHIC
APPEARANCE
• ABNORMAL FASTING GALLBLADDER
-THICK EDEMATOUS WALL
EXCEEDING 3 mm IN THICKNESS
-IRREGULAR WALL CONTOUR
-INTRALUMINAL FOCUS OR
ECHOES
-ACOUSTIC SHADOWING
POSTERIOR TO THE GALLBLADDER
FOSSA
REASONS FOR
NONVISUALIZATION OF THE
GALLBLADDER
• NON FASTING PATIENT
• SURGICALLY ABSENT
• OBLITERATION OF THE
GALLBLADDER LUMEN BY
INTESTINAL AIR OR GALLSTONE
• PATIENT BODY HABITUS
• ECTOPIC LOCATION
• AGENESIS
NONINLAMMATORY CAUSES OF
GALLBLADDER WALL
THICKENING
• NON FASTING PATIENT
• ASCITES
• CIRRHOSIS
• CONGESTIVE HEART
FAILURE
• HYPOALBUMINEMIA
• ACUTE HEPATITIS
ENLARGED(DISTENDED)
GALLBLADDER
• DEHYDRATED
• LOW FAT DIET
• INTRAVENOUS
NUTRITION
IF THERE IS NO
CONTRACTION, SEARCH FOR:
• GALLSTONE OR ANY CAUSE OF
OBSTRUCTION
• A STONE OR SOME OBSTRUCTION IN
THE COMMON BILE DUCT
• IF THE GALLBLADDER IS DISTENDED
WITH THICKENED WALLS AND FILLED
WITH FLUID, THERE MAY BE EMPYEMA
• IF THE GALLBLADDER IS DISTENDED
WITH THIN WALLS AND FILLED WITH
FLUID, THERE MAY BE MUCOCELE
•SCHEDULES ARE MADE AT THE
BEGINNING OF THE PATIENT’S
DAY: