Tabel Kinematik Viscocity Of Water Atsmospheric Pressure

Kinematic Kinematic
Temperatur Temperatur
Viscocity Viscocity
(degrees C) v (10¯⁶ x m²/s) (degrees C) v (10¯⁶ x m²/s)
0 1,793 25 0.893
1 1,732 26 0.873
2 1,672 27 0.854
3 1,619 28 0.836
4 1,568 29 0.818
5 1,520 30 0.802
6 1,474 31 0.785
7 1,429 32 0.769
8 1,386 33 0.753
9 1,346 34 0.738
10 1,307 35 0.724
11 1,270 36 0.711
12 1,235 37 0.697
13 1,201 38 0.684
14 1,169 39 0.671
15 1,138 40 0.658
16 1,108 45 0.602
17 1,080 50 0.554
18 1,053 55 0.511
19 1,027 60 0.476
20 1,002 65 0.443
21 0.978 70 0.413
22 0.955 75 0.386
23 0.933 80 0.363
24 0.911 85 0.342
 Percobaan Pertama
Manometer h¹ Manometer h² Head Loss Vol V m³
FITTING (m) (m) Time t s
h¹ - h² (m)
MITRE 0.194 0.179 0.015 0.00116 10
ELBOW 0.213 0.204 0.009 0.00116 10
SHORT BEND 0.224 0.216 0.008 0.00116 10
LONG BEND 0.230 0.228 0.002 0.00116 10
ENLARGEMENT 0.229 0.231 -0.002 0.00116 10
CONSTACTION 0.230 0.224 0.006 0.00116 10
GATE VALVE Gauge reading

Percobaan Kedua
Manometer h¹ Manometer h² Head Loss
FITTING (m) (m) Vol V m³ Time t s
h¹ - h² (m)
MITRE 0.170 0.136 0.034 0.00152 10
ELBOW 0.210 0.190 0.020 0.00152 10
SHORT BEND 0.233 0.218 0.015 0.00152 10
LONG BEND 0.248 0.242 0.006 0.00152 10
ENLARGEMENT 0.243 0.250 -0.007 0.00152 10
CONSTACTION 0.249 0.234 0.015 0.00152 10
GATE VALVE Gauge reading

Percobaan Ketiga
Manometer h¹ Manometer h² Head Loss
FITTING (m) (m) Vol V m³ Time t s
h¹ - h² (m)
MITRE 0.137 0.082 0.055 0.72847 10
ELBOW 0.206 0.174 0.032 0.72847 10
SHORT BEND 0.245 0.219 0.026 0.72847 10
LONG BEND 0.268 0.259 0.009 0.72847 10
ENLARGEMENT 0.259 0.272 -0.013 0.72847 10
CONSTACTION 0.271 0.245 0.026 0.72847 10
GATE VALVE Gauge reading
obaan Pertama
Flow Rate Qt Velocity v
v²/2g k Re Keterangan
= V/t m³/s m/s
0.000116 0.802 0.007 2.143 3592.518 Turbulen
0.000116 0.802 0.007 1.286 3592.518 Turbulen
0.000116 0.802 0.007 1.143 3592.518 Turbulen
0.000116 0.802 0.007 0.286 3592.518 Turbulen
0.000116 0.802 0.007 -0.286 3592.518 Turbulen
0.000116 0.802 0.007 0.857 3592.518 Turbulen

cobaan Kedua
Flow Rate Qt Velocity v
v²/2g k Re Keterangan
= V/t m³/s m/s
0.000152 0.802 0.503 0.068 12952.618 Turbulen
0.000152 0.802 0.503 0.040 12952.618 Turbulen
0.000152 0.802 0.503 0.030 12952.618 Turbulen
0.000152 0.802 0.503 0.012 12952.618 Turbulen
0.000152 0.802 0.503 -0.014 12952.618 Turbulen
0.000152 0.802 0.503 0.030 12952.618 Turbulen

cobaan Ketiga
Flow Rate Qt Velocity v
v²/2g k Re Keterangan
= V/t m³/s m/s
0.072847 0.802 241.215 0.000 12292.768 Turbulen
0.072847 0.802 241.215 0.000 12292.768 Turbulen
0.072847 0.802 241.215 0.000 12292.768 Turbulen
0.072847 0.802 241.215 0.000 12292.768 Turbulen
0.072847 0.802 241.215 0.000 12292.768 Turbulen
0.072847 0.802 241.215 0.000 12292.768 Turbulen
Diameter tabung = 19,6 mm = 0,0196 m

Percobaan Pertama
Luas penampang (A) =

Head Loss = h¹ - h²
= 0,194 - 0,179
= 0,015 m

Flow Rate (Q) = v/t

= 0,000116/(10 ) =
0,802 m/s

Viscosity suhu = 0,802 (tabel kinematik suhu 30°)

Velocity (v) = Qt/A

= 0,000116/0,000302 =
0,007 m/det

v²/2g = 0,007²/(2 𝑥 9,81) = 2,143

m/det

k=
= 0,015/2,143 = 0,068
m³/det

Re

= (0,007 𝑥 0,0196)/0,802 = 12952,618m³/det > 2000

= Turbulen
 Teoritis Bourdon
No Pr = m*g/A Px Pb = Px -
m (kg) Po (kn/m²) Ha (mm) Hb (mm)
(KN/m²) (KN/m²) po (KN/m²)
0 0 20 22 -22 586 438
1 0.5 40 42 42 664 361
2 1.0 60 62 62 743 282
3 1.5 80 62 62 730 301

Teoritis
1.
Pr =

: 20020,40816 N/m2 = 20,020 kN/m2

Bourdon
2.
Pb = Px - Po
Pb = 0 - 22 mm
Pb = - 22 mm

3. Manometer Hg
Hx = Ha - hb
Hx = 586 mm - 438 mm
x = 148 mm

H = Hx - Ho
H = 0 - 148 mm
H = 148 mm

Pm = ꙋ *Hg*H (KN/m²)
Pm = 133,4*0,148
Pm = 19,743 KN/m²
 Manometer Hg
H0 = Ha - Hb Hx = Ha - Hb H = Hx - H0 Pm = ꙋ*Hg*H
(mm) (mm) (mm) (KN/m²)
148 148 19.743
303 303 40.420
461 461 61.497
429 429 57.229
1. Tipe piringan datar

Q = V/t v = Q/A Fy = V² * S
No. m (kg) V (liter) t (detik)
(liter/detik (m/detik) (newton)
1 2 3 4 5 = 3/4 6 = 5/A *1000 7 = 6² * S
1 1.0 0.003 14.26 0.000210 4.21 0.882
2 0.50 0.003 22 0.000136 2.73 0.370

2. Tipe piringan 1/2 cekung

Q = V/t v = Q/A Fy = V² * S
No. m (kg) V (liter) t (detik)
(liter/detik (m/detik) (newton)
1 2 3 4 5 = 3/4 6 = 5/A *1000 7 = 6² * S
1 0.850 0.003 3.30 0.0009 18.18 24.694
2 0.425 0.003 4.88 0.0006 12.30 11.292

3. Tipe piringan tajam

Q = V/t v = Q/A Fy = V² * S
No. m (kg) V (liter) t (detik)
(liter/detik (m/detik) (newton)
1 2 3 4 5 = 3/4 6 = 5/A *1000 7 = 6² * S
1 0.10 0.003 5.05 0.000594 11.88 0.943
2 0.50 0.003 8.51 0.000353 7.05 0.332

1. Hitungan Piringan Datar

S = P . A .(cos Ø + 1 )
S = 996,82 . 0,00005 , ( cos 90°) + 1)
S= 0,0498

Q =
𝑉/𝑇
= 0,003/14,26 = 0,000210
m/det
 = 0,003/14,26 = 0,000210
m/det

V =
𝑄/𝐴
= 0,00210/0,00005 = 4,21
m/det

Fy = V² . S
Fy = (4,21)² . 0,0498
Fy = 0,0882 N

W=M.G
W = 1 . 9,81
W = 9,81 N

𝞰 = 𝑊/𝐹𝑦 =
0,882/9,81=8,987%
 Diamter Nozzle = 0,008 m
Temperatur air = 26°
Percepatan Gravitasi (g) = 9,81 m/detik

A = 1/4 . π . D²
A = 1/4 . π . 0,008²
A= 0,00005

p = 997,1 + (26 −25 )/(30 −25 ) x

( 995,7 - 997,1 )

W=m*g p = 996,82 kg/m³

𝞰 = W/Fy (%)
(Newton)
8=2*g 9 = 8/7 * 100% S = P . A .(cos Ø + 1 )
9.81 8.987 S = 996,82 . 0,00005 , ( cos 90°) + 1)
4.905 3.776 S= 0,0498

Ø = 180° - 90° = 90°

ɑ = 90°

W=m*g
(Newton) 𝞰 = W/Fy (%)
8 = 2 * g 9 = 8/7 * 100%
8.339 85.0
4.169 42.5

W=m*g
(Newton) 𝞰 = W/Fy (%)
8 = 2 * g 9 = 8/7 * 100%
0.981 10.0
4.905 50.0

2. Hitungan Piringan 1/2 Cekung 3. Hitungan Piringan Ta

S = P . A .(cos Ø + 1 ) S = P . A .(cos Ø + 1 )
S = 996,82 . 0,00005 , ( cos 60°) + 1) S = 996,82 . 0,00005 , (
S= 0,0747 S= 0,,00668

Q = Q =
𝑉/𝑇 𝑉/𝑇
= 0,003/3,30 = 0,0009 = 0,003/5,05 = 0,00
m/det m/det
 = 0,003/3,30 = 0,0009 = 0,003/5,05 = 0,00
m/det m/det

V = V =
𝑄/𝐴 𝑄/𝐴
= 0,0009/0,00005 = 18, 18 = 0,000594/0,0000
m/det 11,88 m/det

Fy = V² . S Fy = V² . S
Fy = (18,81)² . 0,0747 Fy = (11,88)² . 0,0747
Fy = 0,0882 N Fy = 0,943 N

W=M.G W=M.G
W = 0,850 . 9,81 W = 0,10 . 9,81
W = 8,339 N W = 10,0 N

𝞰 = 𝑊/𝐹𝑦 = 𝞰 = 𝑊/𝐹𝑦 =
8,339/9,81=85,0% 0,981/9,81=10%
3. Hitungan Piringan Tajam
S = P . A .(cos Ø + 1 )
S = 996,82 . 0,00005 , ( cos 150°) + 1)
S= 0,,00668

= 0,003/5,05 = 0,000594
m/det
 = 0,003/5,05 = 0,000594
m/det

= 0,000594/0,00005 =
11,88 m/det

Fy = V² . S
Fy = (11,88)² . 0,0747
Fy = 0,943 N

W=M.G
W = 0,10 . 9,81
W = 10,0 N

𝞰 = 𝑊/𝐹𝑦 =
0,981/9,81=10%
Kondisi p (kg) w (kg) di (m) y (m) vol L x b x di BG = y - 1/2 di BM = 1/V

Posisi
massa
0.305 1.1100 0.03 0.115 0.002 0.1 4.761
berada
diatas

Posisi
massa
0.305 1.110 0.03 0.089 0.002 0.074 4.761
berada
ditengah
Gm = BM - BG KET

4.661 Stabil

4.687 Stabil
 PERCOBAAN
Variabel Q h
Fungsi Debit Tinggi energi tekanan
satuan 10E-39(l/det) (cm)
penampang - a b c d e
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
85 18.4 16.7 15.1 13.7 11.3
123 21.5 18.5 15.1 11.9 7.3
150 24.6 19.9 14.9 10.1 3.4

1. Debit
Q = V/t = 850/10 = 85 cm³/det

2. Tinggi Energi kinetis

V = Q/A = 85/4,909 = 17,315 cm/det
V²/2g = (17,315)² / 2 . 981 = 0,153 cm

3. Tinggi Energi Total

H = h + (V²/2g)
H = 18,4 + 0,153
H = 18,533 cm

4. Penyimpangan Tinggi Total Energi

(Hteo-Hact)/Hteo X 100% = (18,533 - 18,5 ) / 18,533) * 100% = 0,003
RCOBAAN
H (actual) V²/2g
n Tinggi total energi Tinggi energi kine
(cm) (cm)
f a b c d e f a b
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
13.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.4 18.3 16.0 0.153 1.600
12.3 22.0 22.0 22.0 21.9 21.6 15.7 0.320 3.351
11.1 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.0 15.9 0.476 4.983
 PERHITUNGAN
V²/2g H (teoritis) h + V²/2g
Tinggi energi kinetis Tinggi total energi
(cm) (cm)
c d e f a b c d e
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
3.082 4.556 5.976 0.153 18.553 18.300 18.182 18.256 17.276
6.455 9.541 12.513 0.320 21.820 21.851 21.555 21.441 19.813
9.599 0.005 0.005 0.005 25.076 24.883 24.499 10.105 3.405
 HASIL
g H (actual ) / H (teoritis) x 100%
Penyimpanan tinggi total energi
(Persen)
f a b c d e f
26 27 28 29 30 31 32
13.653 0.003 0.011 0.017 0.008 0.059 0.172
12.620 0.008 0.007 0.021 0.021 0.090 0.244
11.105 0.013 0.021 0.037 1.504 6.343 -0.432
saluran licin
Uraian Satuan Titil 1 Titik 2 Titik 1
Kemiringan Saluran (Is) % 1% 1% 1.5%
Kemiringan Muka Air (Iw) - 0.0149 0.0149 0.0158
Kedalaman Aliran (h) cm 4.9 3.0 3.1
Luas Penampang (A) cm² 38.71 23.7 24.49
Keliling Penampang (p) cm 17.7 13.9 14.1
Radius Hidrolik ( R ) cm 2.187 1.705 1.737
Radius Hidrolik Rata-Rata ( R ) cm 1.946 1.688
Kecepatan (V) hz 80 130 111
Kecepatan (V) cm/det 55.73 89.155 76.454
Kecepatan Rata (V) cm/det 72.443 89.824
Volume Air (Vol) liter 10 10 10
Waktu (t) detik 5.92 5.92 5.96
Debit Air (Q) m³/det 0.001 0.001 0.001
Angka Kekasaran (n) - 0.00049 0.0045

saluran kasar

Uraian Satuan Titil 1 Titik 2 Titik 1

Kemiringan Saluran (Is) % 1% 1% 1.5%
Kemiringan Muka Air (Iw) - 0.0136 0.0136 0.0284
Kedalaman Aliran (h) cm 5.2 3.8 9.7
Luas Penampang (A) cm² 41.08 30.02 76.63
Keliling Penampang (p) cm 18.30 15.50 27.30
Radius Hidrolik ( R ) cm 2.245 1.937 2.807
Radius Hidrolik Rata-Rata ( R ) cm 2.091 2.455
Kecepatan (V) hz 63 88 63
Kecepatan (V) cm/det 44.366 61.078 44.366
Kecepatan Rata (V) cm/det 52.722 54.393
Volume Air (Vol) liter 10 10 10
Waktu (t) detik 5.68 5.8 6.19
Debit Air (Q) m³/det 0.001 0.001 0.001
Angka Kekasaran (n) - 0.00049 0.00079
 Titik 2 Titik 1 Titik 2
1.5% 2% 2% A. Lebar Saluran = 7,9 Cm
0.0158 0.0218 0.0218 B. Panjang Saluran = 400 Cm
2.8 3.1 2.4 C. Jarak Titik 1 - 2 = 388 Cm
22.12 24.49 18.96
13.5 14.1 12.7 • Menghitung Luas Penampang
1.639 1.737 1.493 A1 licin = B x h = 7,9 x 4,9 = 38,71 cm²
1.688 1.615 A1 Kasar = B x h = 7,9 x 5,2 = 41,08 cm²
151 121 170
103.194 83.139 115.895 • Menghitung keliling basah (P)
89.824 99.517 P1 licin = B + (2 x h) = 7,9 + (2 x 4,9) = 38,71 cm
10 10 10 P1 kasar = B + (2 x h) = 7,9 + (2 x 5,2) = 18,30 cm
5.96 5.75 5.75
0.001 0.001 0.001 • Menghitung Radius Hidrolik
0.0045 0.0005 R licin 𝐴/𝑃 = 38,97/17,7 = 2,187
cm
R kasar 𝐴/𝑃 = 41,08/18,30 =
2,245 cm
Titik 2 Titik 1 Titik 2
1.5% 2% 2% • Menghitung Kecepatan Aliran (V)
0.0284021 0.0331 0.0331 V licin = (0,6685 × Hz) + 2,25
4.5 9.3 4.2 V licin = (0,6685 × 80) + 2,25 = 55,73 cm/det
35.55 73.47 33.18
16.90 26.50 16.30 V kasar = (0,6685 × Hz) + 2,25
2.104 2.772 2.036 V kasar = (0,6685 × 63) + 2,25 = 44,366 cm/det
2.455 2.404
93 72 103 • Menghitung Kecepatan Rata - Rata
64.421 50.382 71.106 V licin = (𝑉1+𝑉2)/2 = (55,73+89,155)/2 =
54.393 60.744 72,443 cm/det
10 10 10 V kasar = (𝑉1+𝑉2)/2 = (44,366+61,078)/2 =
6.19 6.35 6.35 51,722cm/det
0.001 0.001 0.001
0.00079 0.0008 • Menghitung Debit Air (Q)
Q licin = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒/𝑊𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢 = (10 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟)/(5,92
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑘) = 0,0001 m³/det
Q kasar = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒/𝑊𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢 = (10
𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟)/(5,68 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑘) = 0,0001 m³/det

• Menghitung Kemiringan Muka Air (Iw)

Iw licin = Is ((ℎ1 −ℎ2))/𝑙 = 1% ((4,9
−3,0))/388 = 0,0149
Iw kasar = Is ((ℎ1 −ℎ2))/𝑙 = 1% ((5,2
−3,8))/388 = 0,0136
• Menghitung Koefisien Manning
n licn = ((𝑅⅔) 𝑥 𝐼𝑤^1̸₂)/𝐿 = ((1,496⅔) 𝑥
0,0149¹̸₂)/388 = 0,00049
n kasar = ((𝑅⅔) 𝑥 𝐼𝑤^1̸₂)/𝐿 = ((2,245⅔) 𝑥
0,0136¹̸₂)/388 = 0,00049
 ng
= 38,71 cm²
= 41,08 cm²

(P)
(2 x 4,9) = 38,71 cm
+ (2 x 5,2) = 18,30 cm

ran (V)
5
5 = 55,73 cm/det

25
25 = 44,366 cm/det

a - Rata
5,73+89,155)/2 =

44,366+61,078)/2 =

= (10 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟)/(5,92

= (10
1 m³/det

uka Air (Iw)

= 1% ((4,9

= 1% ((5,2
ning
= ((1,496⅔) 𝑥

𝐿 = ((2,245⅔) 𝑥
 Ukuran sekat 1 cm dengan kemiringan dasar saluran 2%
Titik Pengukuran
Uraian Satuan
1 2 3 4
Kedalaman Aliran (h) Cm 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.4
Luas Penampang (A) Cm² 24.49 22.12 21.33 18.96
Keliling Basah (P) Cm² 14.1 13.5 13.3 12.7
Jari-Jari Hidrolik ( R ) Cm 1.737 1.639 1.604 1.493
Debit Aliran (Q) Liter 5.87 5.87 5.87 5.87
Kecepatan Aliran (Hz) Hz 120 142 147 154
Kecepatan Aliran (V) Cm/det 82.47 97.177 100.5195 105.199
Koefisien manning (n)

Ukuran sekat 2,5 cm dengan kemiringan dasar saluran 2%

Titik Pengukuran
Uraian Satuan
1 2 3 4
Kedalaman Aliran (h) Cm 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.2
Luas Penampang (A) Cm² 25.28 20.54 20.54 17.38
Keliling Basah (P) Cm² 14.3 13.1 13.1 12.3
Jari-Jari Hidrolik ( R ) Cm 1.768 1.568 1.568 1.413
Debit Aliran (Q) Liter 5.87 5.87 5.87 5.87
Kecepatan Aliran (Hz) Hz 121 131 140 134
Kecepatan Aliran (V) Cm/det 83.1385 89.8235 95.84 91.829
Koefisien manning (n)

Ukuran sekat 5 cm dengan kemiringan dasar saluran 2%

Titik Pengukuran
Uraian Satuan
1 2 3 4
Kedalaman Aliran (h) Cm 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.2
Luas Penampang (A) Cm² 25.28 20.54 20.54 17.38
Keliling Basah (P) Cm² 14.3 13.1 13.1 12.3
Jari-Jari Hidrolik ( R ) Cm 1.768 1.568 1.568 1.413
Debit Aliran (Q) Liter 5.87 5.87 5.87 5.87
Kecepatan Aliran (Hz) Hz 121 131 140 134
Kecepatan Aliran (V) Cm/det 83.1385 89.8235 95.84 91.829
Koefisien manning (n)
 A. Lebar saluran = 7,9 cm
ran B. Debit aliran (Q) = 5,87
5 C. kemiringan saluran = 2%
2.6
20.54
13.1
1.568
5.87
165
112.5525

%
ran
5
2.5
19.75
12.9
1.531
5.87
146
99.851

ran
5
2.5
19.75
12.9
1.531
5.87
146
99.851