St.

Matthew College
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2022-2023
ACTION ORIENTED, FUTURE DIRECTED

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

GRADE 12- ABM AND HUMSS STRAND

OUTLINE AND ITS TYPES

What is an Outline?
An outline is a tool used to organize written ideas about a topic or thesis into a logical order. Outlines
arrange major topics, subtopics, and supporting details. Writers use outlines when writing their
papers in order to know which topic to cover in what order. Outlines for papers can be very general or
very detailed.

The outline should be a reflection of an essay's thesis statement, and in turn, will guide the writer as
to what details are supposed to be included in an essay. It may also help a writer establish unity and
coherence in his or her presentation of ideas. By unity, we mean that all the information found in an
essay speak of the thesis statement, and by coherence, we mean that the ideas in an essay is logically
arranged.

Outlines are used in determining the structure of an academic paper. This means that the main
headings for each of the sections are encoded using Roman Numerals (I, II,III, etc) while the
supporting arguments or details are marked by capital letters (A, B,C, etc)

What are the two types of Outline?

Normally, two types of outlines are used when preparing for an essay. Topic and Sentence outlines.
Both types are hierarchical outlines but a topic outline is far more brief.

A topic outline provides a quick overview of topics to be included in an essay. You are probably
already familiar with this structure. Look at a syllabus from one of your courses. It is probably the
equivalent of a topic outline, with topics listed for each unit, and readings and assignments under
each. After each heading in a topic outline for an essay, a maximum of several words is used to
identify the topic or idea that will be discussed under the given heading.

Example of a Topic Outline

In a sentence outline, the thesis and topic sentence of each supporting paragraph are fully written
out. The sentence outline forces part of the essay to be written out in sentences before the first draft.

Example of a Topic Outline

What are the steps in writing an Outline?

1. Choose Your Topic and Establish Your Purpose. A lot of writers struggle to define the initial
focus for their paper. Trying to come up with a topic from a list of possibilities is a difficult task, but
understanding your essay’s larger purpose is just as important. Having a goal or objective in mind will
help you set guidelines and limitations on what is appropriate content for your essay. What do you want
your readers to learn from reading your paper? What do you want them to understand about your
topic? These questions can help you focus your ideas around the specific take-home messages you want
to leave with your readers.
2. Create A List of Main Ideas. This is the brainstorming part of the writing process. The goal here is
to come up with a list of essential ideas that you are planning to present in your article or essay. This
step can be a list of arguments to answer a question, a list of resources, or it could even include tips on
how to do something. No matter what the topic is, this step gives you a chance to get all of your ideas
out and have a list of possible topics that you can touch on in your essay.
3. Organize Your Main Ideas. The goal of this step is to rearrange the list of ideas that you came up
with in Step 2, putting them in an order that will make sense to you and the reader. There are many
different strategies for organizing your ideas, and these will vary depending on the type of essay you are
writing. Some common organizational structures are cause and effect, classification, chronological and
process. Once you have put your ideas in order, you’re well on your way to developing the structure of
your essay.
4. Flush Out Your Main Points. After you have decided on the order of your main points, you’ll want
to add some relevant content to help support each main idea. Your goal in this step is to expand upon
your original ideas so that your reader has a better understanding of each point. You can add more
detail to each concept by including examples, quotes, facts, theories or personal anecdotes. While this
step may seem tedious, it will make your drafting process much easier. You’ll save time in the long run
because your paper will be more logical and focused and your ideas will be fully developed.
5. Review and Adjust. Most people would think that after step four your outline is done, but that is not
the case. Writing is a repetitive process, and all good writers continue to review and revise their essay
until they feel it is the best it can possibly be. The same goes for an outline; it should be like a roadmap
that you use to direct your essay exactly where you want it to go. Make sure that you’ve included all of
your ideas and established the connections between each of your main points.

Source: https://www.herzing.edu/blog/herzing/5-steps-create-perfect-outline. Last accessed date: October 1, 2022