Reading

Comprehension

Madeline Fernandez Parajeles

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Geovanni Brenes Vargas

 Reading comprehension is the ability to understand what
you are reading. Reading just by emitting sounds that
represent words does not mean that our brain is fully
absorbing and assimilating what our mouth is emitting.

Reading comprehension is also a skill that is developed and

improved over time and practice. It will also be different
depending on the field or topic in which the reading in
based on.
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 Skills
● Decoding
● Fluency
● Vocabulary
● Sentence Structure and Cohesion
● Reasoning and Background
Knowledge
● Working Memory and Attention
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 Applied to Research and Investigation
From the beginning of time, information has been passed down and forward orally. Sill
reading no matter the language or advancement in said language has been pillar to the
human race.

The biggest and most important phase of research and investigation is the ability to
understand the information read and be able to apply it to different contexts.

For this investigation the following reading comprehension skills were used:
● Decoding
● Vocabulary
● Reasoning and Background Knowledge
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 Permision,
Prohibition,
Obligations and
No Obligation
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 Permision: Can, May, Could

● Can: We often use can to ask for and give
permission.
● Could: We also use could to ask for permission (but
not to give it). Could is more formal and polite than
can.
● May: May is the most formal way to ask for and give
permission.
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● For example:
● You can use my car if you like. Puedes usar mi coche
si quieres.
● Could I borrow your pen for a moment, please?
¿Podría prestarme su bolígrafo por un momento, por
favor?
● Customers may request a refund within a period of
30 days. Los clientes pueden solicitar un reembolso
en un plazo de 30 días.
 Prohibition: Can't and Mustn't
● Can't: We use can't to talk about something that is
against the rules, particularly when we didn't make
the rules.
● Must not/Mustn't: We use must not to talk about
what is not permitted. It is common on public signs
and notices informing people of rules and laws.
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● For example:
● Sorry, we can't sell knives to under-18s. Lo sentimos,
no podemos vender cuchillos a menores de 18 años.
● Visitors must not park in the staff car park. Los
visitantes no deben aparcar en el aparcamiento del
personal.
 Obligation: Have to and Must
● Have to: Have to shows us that the obligation comes
from outside the speaker.
● Must: Must expresses a strong obligation or
necessity. It often shows us that the obligation
comes from the speaker (or the authority that wrote
the sentence).
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● For example:
● We have to wear a uniform when we're working in
reception. Tenemos que llevar uniforme cuando
trabajamos en recepción.
● I must phone my dad. It's his birthday today. Debo
llamar a mi papá. Hoy es su cumpleaños.
 No obligation: Don't have to
● Don't have to: We use don’t have to to show that
there is no obligation. You can do something if you
want to but it's not compulsory.
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● For example:
● You don't have to wear a tie in our office but some
people like to dress more formally. No es necesario
que use corbata en nuestra oficina, pero a algunas
personas les gusta vestirse de manera más formal.
● You don't have to go to the bank to do a transfer. You
can do it online. No tienes que ir al banco para hacer
una transferencia. Lo puedes hacer en línea.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1Fe4QqEkH8
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 Drugs: Rules
and
Regulations
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 Index

1 6
Definition Consequences

2 7
FDA rules and regulations Side effects

3 8
Types and kinds Approval process

4 9
Common uses Conclusion

5 10
Consequences Resources
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
 1
Definition
1. Noun: a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect
when ingested or otherwise introduce into the body.
2. Verb: administer a drug to (someone) in order to induce stupor or
insensibility.
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 2

FDA: Rules and Regulations

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FDA - Food and Drug

Administration
The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for protecting
the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of
human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical
devices; and by ensuring the safety of our nation's food supply,
cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.
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 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

What are they responsible for?

Rules and Regulations

Like many other organizations worldwide the

FDA, drugs need to be regulated in order for
them to be used properly. This is why the FDA
has established different protocols, rules,
regulations to guarantee their safe launch to
the market.

Rules and regulations are updated every so

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often. These are some of the most important

ones.
 3

Types and kinds

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 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Categories
Depressants Hallucinogens Stimulants

Slow down the function of the
central nervous system.
● Your concentration and
coordination.
● Your ability to respond to
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Affect your senses and change the
way you see, hear, taste, smell, or
feel things.
● Feeling of floating
● Numbness
Speed up the function of the central
nervous system This can cause
● Your heart to beat faster
● Your blood pressure to go up
● Your body temperature to go up
Reduce appetite

what’s happening around you. ● Confusion ●

● Disorientation ● Agitation
● dizziness ● Sleeplessness
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Common groups of drugs

Analgesics Inhalants Opioids
● Aspirin ● Volatile solvents ● Codeine
● Paracetamol ● Aerosol sprays ● Heroin
● Ibuprofen . ● Gases ● Methadone
● nitrites ● oxycodone

Party Drugs Performance and Prescription

● Ecstasy image enhancing ● Pharmaceuticals
● Cocaine ● Anabolic steroids
● Methamphetamine ● Peptides
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● Hormones
 Common Uses
4
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 1 2 3 4
Common Uses
Medical - Medicinal
Often drugs can be used to
control conditions such as high
blood pressure; sickness like
cancer, or circumstances such
as high fever or infections.
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5 6
Recreational
Recreational drugs have
existed from the beginning of
times and Egyptian pharaohs.
But in the last fifty to sixty
years their used have
increased. Drugs are used in a
moderate way to alter the well
being of a person but not
damaged it.
7 8 9 10
Addiction - Abusive
As recreational drugs are used
more often, the body become
dependent of them building an
addiction in the individual. This
can cause permanent damage
to an individual’s physical,
mental, and social health.
 5

Consequences
Physical
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Physical Consequences: Short Term - Long Term

Short Term
Weight Loss Loss of appetite Slurred speech
Long Term
Organ damage Changes in cognitive Dependence development
abilities
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 6

Consequences
Psychological
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Psychological Consequences: Short Term - Long Term

Short Term
Temporary sense of Problem solving Loss of enjoyment
euphoria
Long Term
Relationship problems Impulsivity and risk-taking Social Isolation
behavior
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 Side Effects
7
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Side Effects

We can refer to side effects to symptoms not expected from a drug.

For example, some drugs are used for medical reasons. If this reason
is to treat a heart condition but then the patient starts to lose weight
in a dangerous way, this can be a side effect of it.
Side effects can be experienced in medical, recreational, and addition
drugs.
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 8

Approval Process
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 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Drug Approval .
By the FDA
This videos shows all the phases a drug has to
go through before it even reaches the market
and real-life patients.
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 Conclusions
9
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Conclusions

As any other man made product, drugs can be helpful or

harmful. It is the duty of institutions worldwide regulate the
use of these but also our duty as users to use them properly.
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Thank
you
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