ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE International Journal Published quarterly by the Polish Botanical Society CONTENTS Vol.

80, No. 2, 2011 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY KWOLEK D., JOACHIMIAK A.J. Seed sexing revealed female bias in two Rumex species PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY HORBOWICZ M., KOSSON R., KOCZKODAJ D., LAHUTA L.B. Effects of -aminooxyacetic acid on the level of polyamines, anthocyanins and photosynthetic pigments in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) GIEL P., BOJARCZUK K. Effects of high concentrations of calcium salts in the substrate and its pH on the growth of selected rhododendron cultivars ECOLOGY SLEZK M., HEGEDOV K., SENKO D. Syntaxonomy and ecology of forest vegetation in the tiavnick vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia) MRZ L., KOSIBA P. Variation in size-dependent fitness components in a terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) Hunt et Summerh., in relation to environmental factors KOSIBA P., MRZ L., KAMISKI R. Assessment of habitat conditions using Self-Organizing Feature Maps for reintroduction/introduction of Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. in Poland KWIATKOWSKA-FALISKA A.J., PANUFNIK-MDRZYCKA D., WDKIEWICZ M., SONDEJ I., JAROSZEWICZ B. The effects of different types of woodstand disturbance on the persistence of soil seed banks PHYCOLOGY URBANIAK J., SUGIER P., GBKA M. Charophytes of the Lubelszczyzna region (Eastern Poland) MYCOLOGY SUCHARZEWSKA E., DYNOWSKA M., KEMPA A.B. Occurrence of the fungi from the genus Ampelomyces hyperparasites of powdery mildews (Erysiphales) infesting trees and bushes in the municipal environment

1 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 93-97, 2011 SEED SEXING REVEALED FEMALE BIAS IN TWO RUMEX SPECIES Dagmara Kwolek, Andrzej J. Joachimiak Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University; Grodzka 52, 31-044 Krakw, Poland; e-mail: a.joachimiak@uj.edu.pl (Received: March 25, 2010. Accepted: July 5, 2010) ABSTRACT Sex-ratio bias in seeds of dioecious Rumex species with sex chromosomes is an interesting and still unsettled issue. To resolve gender among seeds of R. acetosa and R. thyrsiflorus (two species with an XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosome system), this work applied a PCR-based method involving DNA

markers located on Y chromosomes. Both species showed female-biased primary sex ratios, with female bias greater in R. acetosa than in R. thyrsiflorus. The observed predominance of female seeds is consistent with the view that the female biased sex ratios in Rumex are conditioned not only postzygotically but also prezygotically. KEY WORDS: sex ratio, genetic marker, Rumex acetosa, Rumex thyrsiflorus, sex chromosomes, seeds. 2 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 99-104, 2011 EFFECTS OF -AMINOOXYACETIC ACID ON THE LEVEL OF POLYAMINES, ANTHOCYANINS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN SEEDLINGS OF COMMON BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH) Marcin Horbowicz1, Ryszard Kosson2, Danuta Koczkodaj1, Lesaw B. Lahuta3 1 Siedlce University, Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics; Prusa 12, 08-100 Siedlce, Poland; e-mail: mhorbowicz@uph.edu.pl 2 Research Institute of Horticulture; Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland 3 University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology; 10-719 Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103A, Poland (Received: April 13, 2010. Accepted: September 27, 2010) ABSTRACT The present paper discusses the effects of -aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) on contents of polyamines, anthocyanins, photosynthetic pigments and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). AOA clearly decreased light-induced formation of anthocyanins and inhibited PAL activity in buckwheat hypocotyls, although a slight stimulatory effect on anthocyanins content in buckwheat cotyledons was observed. AOA declined the contents of chlorophylls a and b, and total carotenoids in buckwheat cotyledons. The results show that AOA inhibits phenylpropanoids biosynthesis in buckwheat hypocotyls, and suppress photosynthesis in cotyledons. Moreover, the experiments show that AOA enhances the level of free putrescine in hypocotyls and the level of spermidine in buckwheat cotyledons. AOA also diminished the content of putrescine in cotyledons, but did not affect its level in buckwheat hypocotyls. AOA also substantially declined the level of cadaverine in buckwheat cotyledons, and did not affect its content in hypocotyls. Differences in effect of AOA on anthocyanins and polyamines accumulation indicate various physiological roles of the compounds in buckwheat hypocotyls and cotyledons. KEY WORDS: aminooxyacetic acid, anthocyanins, chlorophylls, common buckwheat, putrescine, spermidine. 3 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 105-114, 2011 EFFECTS OF HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF CALCIUM SALTS IN THE SUBSTRATE AND ITS pH ON THE GROWTH OF SELECTED RHODODENDRON CULTIVARS Piotr Giel, Krystyna Bojarczuk Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology; Parkowa 5, 62-035 Krnik, Poland; e-mail: bojark@man.poznan.pl (Received: April 20, 2010. Accepted: September 14, 2010) ABSTRACT

For proper growth and development, rhododendrons need acidic soils, whereas calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the substrate markedly limits their growth. In this study, we analysed the reactions of rhododendrons to high concentrations of calcium salts and pH in the substrate. We used 4-month-old seedlings of Rhododendron Cunninghams White and 1.5-year-old seedlings and rooted cuttings of R. Cunninghams White and R. Catawbiense Grandiflorum. Their reactions depended mostly on calcium salt type added to the substrate (sulphate or carbonate). An increase in concentrations of phenolic compounds was detected mostly in roots of the plants grown in a substrate with a high calcium carbonate content. Addition of calcium salts to the substrate caused a significant rise in total nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves and roots of the studied plants. As compared to the control, an increase in substrate pH in the variant with calcium carbonate limited the activity of acid phosphatase, while lowering of substrate pH in the variant with calcium sulphate, significantly increased its activity. Along with the rise in substrate pH, a remarkable increase was observed in the activity of nonspecific dehydrogenase (DHA) in the substrate with CaCO3, as compared to the control. Unfavourable soil conditions (high calcium content and alkaline pH) caused a decrease in assimilation of minerals by the studied plants (mostly phosphorus and manganese). Our results show that the major factor limiting rhododendron growth is an increase in substrate pH, rather than an increase in the concentration of calcium ions. KEY WORDS: root development, shoot development, carbohydrates, phenols, acid phosphatase, nonspecific dehydrogenase, pH, minerals. 4 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 115-127, 2011 SYNTAXONOMY AND ECOLOGY OF FOREST VEGETATION IN THE TIAVNICK VRCHY MTS (CENTRAL SLOVAKIA) Michal Slezk1, 2, Katarna Hegedov3, Duan Senko3 1 Faculty of Education, Catholic University; Hrabovsk cesta 1, SK-034 01 Ruomberok, Slovak Republic 2 Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; trova 2, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic; e-mail: slezak.miso@gmail.com 3 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dbravsk cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic (Received: April 7, 2010. Accepted: February 2, 2011) ABSTRACT Vegetation of deciduous forests in the tiavnick vrchy Mts (Central Slovakia) was studied using the standard Zrich-Montpellier approach. The numerical classification and ordination technique were applied to determine the main forest vegetation types and to find the responsible environmental drivers related to their distribution patterns, respectively. The data set including 198 relevs collected by authors in 1997-2009 and 185 relevs excerpted from literature was used to analysis. Numerical classification resulted in delimitation of fourteen vegetation types representing eleven associations with two variants and two communities within the Quercetea robori-petraeae and Querco-Fagetea classes. The major environmental gradients in variation of forest species composition were associated with moisture and nutrient content following the average Ellenberg indicator values. Along the moisture gradient, vegetation types were ordered from subxerophilous oak forests turn mesophilous mixed oak-hornbeam, beech and ravine forests to hygrophilous riparian alder forest. The results confirmed important role of soil nutrients and moisture by determination of forest vegetation in subcontinental part of Central Europe. Special attention was given to the discussion of floristical characteristics, site conditions and syntaxonomy. KEY WORDS: classification, Quercetea robori-petraeae, Querco-Fagetea, numerical methods, Ellenberg indicator values, vegetation survey, Western Carpathians.

5 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 129-138, 2011 VARIATION IN SIZE-DEPENDENT FITNESS COMPONENTS IN A TERRESTRIAL ORCHID, DACTYLORHIZA MAJALIS (RCHB.) HUNT ET SUMMERH., IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Lucyna Mrz, Piotr Kosiba Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocaw University; Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocaw, Poland; e-mail: mrozl@biol.uni.wroc.pl (Received: April 20, 2010. Accepted: September 29, 2010) ABSTRACT We investigated the flowering probability and flower production in relation to plant size in a terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza majalis at 10 meadow sites in central and southwestern Poland. These sites differed in altitude (low, high) and management (presence or absence of mowing). At all sites, concentrations of nutrients in the soil were also measured. The probability of flowering increased significantly with the size of the plant in all populations, indicating that individuals do not flower until they reach a threshold size. Populations at high altitudes and the unmown sites had significantly lower threshold sizes for reproduction and showed sharp increase in flowering probability with plant size, compared to other populations. The threshold sizes for reproduction tended to decrease at sites rich in N and Mg and poor in P and S. Flower production was also size-dependent in all populations. Considerable between-site differences were found in the slope and the intercept of the regression between plant size and flower production. Flower production at some sites, at high altitudes, increased more steeply with plant size than at other sites. However, no pattern in size-dependent flower production was found relative to the measured environmental variables. Most of the sizedependent components of flowering probability were related to each other but not with the sizedependent flower production. KEY WORDS: terrestrial European orchid, total leaf area, plant size, flowering probability, flower production, threshold size for reproduction 6 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 139-148, 2011 ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT CONDITIONS USING SELF-ORGANIZING FEATURE MAPS FOR REINTRODUCTION/INTRODUCTION OF ALDROVANDA VESICULOSA L. IN POLAND Piotr Kosiba1, Lucyna Mrz1, Ryszard Kamiski2 1 Departament of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Plant Biology, Wroclaw University; Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocaw, Poland; kosibap@biol.uni.wroc.pl 2 Botanical Garden, Wrocaw University; Sienkiewicza 23, 50-335 Wrocaw, Poland (Received: April 22, 2010. Accepted: February 23, 2011) ABSTRACT The study objects were Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., an endangered species and fifty five water sites in Poland. The aim of the present work was to test the Self-Organizing Feature Map in order to examine and predict water properties and type of trophicity for restoration of the rare plant. Descriptive statistical parameters have been calculated, analysis of variance and cluster analysis were carried out and SOFM model has been constructed for analysed sites. The results of SOFM model and cluster analysis were compared. The study revealed that the ordination of individuals and groups of neurons in topological map of sites are similar in relation to dendrogram of cluster analysis, but not identical.

The constructed SOFM model is related with significantly different contents of chemical water properties and type of trophicity. It appeared that sites with A. vesiculosa are predominantly distrophic and eutrophic waters shifted to distrophicity. The elevated model showed the sites with chemical properties favourable for restoration the species. Determined was the range of ecological tolerance of the species in relation to habitat conditions as stenotopic or relatively stenotopic in respect of the earlier accepted eutrophic status. The SOFM appeared to be a useful technique for ordination of ecological data and provides a novel framework for the discovery and forecasting of ecosystem properties constituting a validation of the SOFM method in this type of studies. KEY WORDS: SOFM, SOM, ecological modelling, Aldrovanda vesiculosa, ecological restoration, reintroduction, introduction. 7 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 149-157, 2011 THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WOODSTAND DISTURBANCE ON THE PERSISTENCE OF SOIL SEED BANKS Anna J. Kwiatkowska-Faliska1, Dorota Panufnik-Mdrzycka2, Maciej Wdkiewicz2, Izabela Sondej3, Bogdan Jaroszewicz1 1 Biaowiea Geobotanical Station, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Sportowa 19, 17-230 Biaowiea, Poland; e-mail: ajkf@biol.uw.edu.pl 2 Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Protection, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland 3 Department of Anatomy and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Szczecin; Wska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland (Received: May 12, 2010. Accepted: November 26, 2010) ABSTRACT The research was conducted on four patches of thermophilous oak wood in Biaowiea Primeval Forest: A with a woodstand: oak + approx. 30-year-old hornbeam + hornbeam brushwood; B with a hornbeam stand formed by natural seed fall after logging (ca. 1920) oaks; C after logging oaks and replanted (ca. 1965) with pine and oak; D with a natural low-density oak stand. Species composition and seed bank density were estimated using the seedling emergence method. Seedling emergence was observed over two vegetation seasons. Research demonstrated that: 1) the species abundance of the seed banks depends on canopy cover (A, B approx. 50 species; C, D approx. 70 species); 2) the floristical similarity (Srensens index) of the seed bank and ground vegetation is higher in the undisturbed patch D (0.50) than in disturbed patches (0.30-0.35); 3) species diversity in plots A, B, C, D (H=12.5; 13.4; 15.5; 16.9) and seed bank density per m2 (432.5; 958.0; 1486.5; 2268.0) are negatively correlated with the degree of patch shading; 4) the average weight of diaspores in the seed banks of shady plots is lower (A, B approx. 0.003 g) than that of sunny plots (C, D approx. 0.08 g); 5) the share of long-lived diaspores increases in patches after logging. KEY WORDS: density; disturbance; frequency; longevity index; persistence; soil seed bank.

8 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 159-168, 2011 CHAROPHYTES OF THE LUBELSZCZYZNA REGION (EASTERN POLAND) JACEK URBANIAK1, PIOTR SUGIER2, MACIEJ GBKA3 1 Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocaw, Poland;

e-mail: jacek.urbaniak@up.wroc.pl Department of Ecology, Maria Curie-Skodowska University; Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland 3 Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89, 61-614 Pozna, Poland (Received: April 29, 2010. Accepted: October 15, 2010) ABSTRACT The distribution and ecology of charophytes in Lubelszczyzna (Eastern Poland) is described based on herbaria collections, literature data, and the authors own investigations. Maps showing the distribution of all 22 charophyte species identified so far are presented, as well as the details of habitats ecology. Some data on species frequency, conservation, and threats are added. KEY WORDS: Chara, Nitella, Lychnothamnus, Nitellopsis, charophyta, distribution, ecology, Poland.
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9 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE Vol. 80, No. 2: 169-174, 2011 OCCURRENCE OF THE FUNGI FROM THE GENUS AMPELOMYCES HYPERPARASITES OF POWDERY MILDEWS (ERYSIPHALES) INFESTING TREES AND BUSHES IN THE MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENT Ewa Sucharzewska, Maria Dynowska, Aneta Boena Kempa Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Oczapowskiego 1A,10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland; e-mail: ewko@uwm.edu.pl (Received: March 23, 2010. Accepted: July 19, 2010) ABSTRACT The studies refer to the phenomenon of hyperparasitism in the municipal environment. The paper presents the occurrence of fungi of the genus Ampelomyces on Erysiphales important group of phytopathogenic fungi. For the first time in Poland analyzed degree of infestation of Erysiphales mycelium by Ampelomyces and effect of the hyperparsites on the degree of infestation plants by Erysiphales. The high participation of the Ampelomyces was noted in each year of the study. Substantial differences were noted in the occurrence of Ampelomyces depending on the developmental stage of the host fungi and considerable differences in the prevalence of the hyperparasites on particular Erysiphales species. In all cases examined, the mean index of infestation of host plants by Erysiphales was higher than the mean degree of infestation of powdery mildew mycelium by Ampelomyces. The results indicate that under natural conditions they do not play any significant role in the reduction of the degree of infestation of host plants by Erysiphales and do not disturb drastically their life cycle. KEY WORDS: Ampelomyces, Erysiphales, hyperparasites, municipal environment.