State Finished

Completed on Saturday, 15 October 2022, 6:08 PM

Time taken 25 mins 51 secs
Marks 50.00/50.00
Grade 100.00 out of 100.00
Question 1
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The cultural elements of imperialism are composed of economic imperialism, also called
economic colonialism. 

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Question 2
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The Spanish Empire conquered the islands between the 16th and 19th centuries, through
the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Batanes is one of the last places to be colonized in the mid-
1800s), resulting in Islam spreading and dominating throughout the archipelago, and
influencing the religion and beliefs of the Filipino natives. 

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Question 3
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"The Cultural Industry: Enlightenment as a Mass Illusion," from the book Dialectic of
Enlightenment (1947), it was described as a critical vocabulary. 

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Question 4
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According to National Artist for Literature Bienvenido Lumbera in his book Revaluation:
Essays on Philippine Literature, Theatre, and Modern Culture (1984), popular culture is very
distinct from Filipino folk culture and nationalistic culture.

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Question 5
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Cultural imperialism is the practice of promoting and enforcing a culture over a more
powerful society, typically that of a politically powerful nation; In other words, the cultural
hegemony of industrialized or economically and politically influential countries which define
general cultural values and standardized civilizations worldwide. 

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Question 6
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Forms of popular theater and literature such as "the pasyon, sinakulo, and corido ensured
Muslim's acceptance and spread, and the comedy and awit did the same for the monarchy. 

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Question 7
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In a well-defined period, a countercultural movement does not reflect the culture and
desires of a specific population. 

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Question 8
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The native intelligentsia used the same types of popular culture in the 19th century, through
the Propaganda movement, to "undermine the influence of the oppressive friars and
mobilize the people to bring an end to colonial rule" One example of that is Marcelo H. Del
Pilar's work. 

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Question 9
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The common culture is produced by the masses ... it is rather a culture generated either by
the ruling masses or by representatives of the intelligentsia in the employment of that mass,
for the consumption of the people.

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Question 10
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According to Lumbera, the Spaniards developed and used popular culture in the Philippines
to the native Filipinos or Indios through plays and literature to get the natives 'hearts and
win them over. 

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Question 11
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A counterculture (also written counterculture) is a subculture whose values and behavioral
norms differ materially from those of mainstream society, often as opposed to mainstream
cultural mores. 

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Question 12
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The liberal approach towards the printing press quickly expanded the dissemination of
types of popular culture through radio, television and film. 

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Question 13
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Prominent examples of Western Late Modern countercultures include Romanticism (1790–
1840), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the "Jazz Period" of the Roaring Twenties, the 1930's
Non-Conformists, the Beat Generation's more fragmentary counterculture (1944–1964), 

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Question 14
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Countercultures are groups of people that are similar with the dominant culture in certain
respects, and whose norms and beliefs may be incompatible with it. 

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Question 15
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Under the tutelage of missionaries, the children of the native elite became a central
community of intelligentsia called 'ladinos' as they were instrumental in 'taking into the
vernacular, literary forms which were to be instruments for the' peace 'of the natives.' 

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Question 16
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Popular culture is widely known as the vernacular or culture of people at many points at
different times predominating in a society. 

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Question 17
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Along with the power to use the internet is the reporter's power provided to the netizen for
a netizen may actually be a source of primary knowledge about certain topics or issues. 

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Question 18
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The fundamental risk of the culture industry is the creation of false psychological needs that
only the products of capitalism can fulfill and satisfy.

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Question 19
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Popular culture does not imitate a factory that produces uniform cultural goods — films,
radio, magazines, etc. –which are used to exploit passivity in mass society. 

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Question 20
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In the work 'Cultural Theory and Popular Culture,' John Story describes Culture and Popular
Culture as 'works and practices of intellectual and creative activity, texts and practices whose
main role is to represent, create or be an opportunity for meaning development. 

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 True 
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Question 21
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The word netizen, although popularly used in present times, is in fact a word from Michael
Hauben's theory (1996) is a corrupted term from the expression "Net Person." 

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Question 22
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Since the Spanish-American War at the end of the 19th century, the U.S. had chosen the
Philippines like a colonial catch due to its vast natural resource base and strategic position
in the U.S. imperialist plan to turn the Pacific into an American lake for U.S. big business and
take a piece of the huge Chinese market. 

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Question 23
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The word 'popular culture' has different significances depending on who defines it and the
sense of use. 

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Question 24
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Filipino identity was developed largely by the intermingling and gradual development of
post-colonial societies, colonial forces, and foreign traders. 

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Question 25
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Philippine culture is a mixture of East and West cultures. 

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Question 26
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Popular culture is further broken down into six subdefinitions. The first is culture that is
popular or valued by others by measurable means, such as sales of songs, playing on the
radio, attending screenings or concerts, and ratings of viewers on TV shows. 

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Question 27
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According to Turner, as reporters prefer to bend the reporting to stories they sometimes
support. Tabloidization is a clear example of this, or sensationalizing small news stories and
making a big deal of it.

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Question 28
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Popular culture, as the 'culture of the people,' is defined by the interactions between people
in their daily activities: clothing styles, the use of slang, greeting routines, and the food that
people consume are all examples of popular culture.

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Question 29
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Folk culture is a more complicated lifestyle, which is typically traditional, predominantly self-
sufficient, and mostly, reflective of urban life. 

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Question 30
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International culture is the culture produced by colonial resistance, with a people's group at
a given time and location. 

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Question 31
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According to Lumbera, the local intelligentsia noted that "Popular literature as a product
intended for a mass market was seen as a challenge to serious artistic practice, since the
writers accommodated his art to the demands of the publishers and editors who were more
interested in sales than in aesthetics." 

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Question 32
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True psychological needs are independence, imagination, and genuine happiness, referring
to an earlier demarcation of human needs, which Herbert Marcuse had created. 

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Question 33
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Pop culture is the way to live in a specific time, place, and depicts a few people's habits and
how they can cope with nature. 

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Question 34
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The critical theorists Theodor Adorno (1903–1969) and Max Horkheimer (1895–1973) coined
the word pop culture.

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Question 35
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Hauben deeply warns that the internet can be a "source of opinion," though he says a
netizen should train him/her to distinguish real from fabricated knowledge. 

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Question 36
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The alternative term mass culture conveys the concept that such culture arises naturally
from the masses themselves, much as mainstream art did before the 20th century. 

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Question 37
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Pop culture, will enable us to talk as examples of culture about soap opera, pop music, and
comics. 

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Question 38
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The first permanent settlement in Spain started to replace the native culture with a Muslim
and Middle Eastern tradition. 

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Question 39
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Pop Culture involves concepts, beliefs, norms, practices and obects that enable a community
of individuals, or even a whole society, to live their collective lives with minimal friction.

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Question 40
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Traditional cultures are tribes or other small communities of people not influenced by
technology or the modern world. 

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Question 41
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According to Lumbera, "Popular culture is power, and anyone who uses it to control minds
is likely to have their literary and technical machinery turned against him when the minds he
has exploited discover his power as a political tool." 

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Question 42
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Global culture as adopted by the Spanish has been "ordinary" to the point that it was a
"watering-down of Spanish-European culture in order to win over the general public to the
colonial regime's 'ideology.' 

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Question 43
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Adorno and Horkheimer therefore especially viewed mass-produced culture as helpful to
the more technologically and intellectually demanding high arts. 
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Question 44
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The rise of American colonization introduced to the Philippines the properly so-called,
mainstream culture. 

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Question 45
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According to Hauben as netizens, in actual fact, geographical separation is replaced by the
presence in the same virtual space called "Yahoo."

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Question 46
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Examples of mainstream culture come from a range of genres including popular music,
print, cyberculture, sports, entertainment, leisure, fads, advertisement, and television. 

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Question 47
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Pop culture encompasses the facets of social life that the public most actively engages in. 

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Question 48
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Folk Culture refers to the divided expressive elements of everyday life as practiced by
regional, traditional communities. 

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Question 49
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Spanish colonization came upon the momentum of European mercantilism and the desire
to spread Islam to the Philippines. 

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Question 50
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Subcultures involve people who may embrace much of the dominant culture but are set
apart by one or more characteristics of cultural significance. 

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