THE

KNIGHTS OF THE ALTAR

HANDBOOK

Official Handbook and Guide for Altar Servers

Knights of the Altar, Archdiocese of Ozamiz

1st Edition

1
 Table of Contents:

I: History and Introduction of the KOFA………………………………………………..07

II: Parts of a Catholic Church…………………………………………………………....14

III: Sacred Vessels and its Functions……………………………..................................23

IV: Sacred Vestments and Liturgical Colors…………………...................................29

V: Posture and Gesture during Mass…………………………....................................36

VI: Books used in Mass……………………………………….........................................39

VII: The Order of the Mass……………………………………………………………......42

 PROCESSIONAL MARCH – INTRODUCTORY RITES – COLLECT

 LITURGY OF THE WORD
 LITURGY OF THE EUCHARIST
 COMMUNION RITE
 CONCLUDING RITES

VIII: General Provisions of the KOFA …………….…………..….……………………..50

 MEMBERSHIP FOR TRANSFEREES

 METHOD OF ADVANCEMENT
 KOFA RANKS
 THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES/KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE
 THE ORDER OF ELECTION
 ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

IX: The Code of Discipline…………………………..…………………………………....64

 CORRECTIVE MEASURES
 MINOR OFFESNES
 MAJOR OFFENSES
 OFFENSES COMMITED DURING MASS
 THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD

X: The Founders and Patrons of the Sacred Organization…………………………69

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………72

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Flip the Page and Proceed. To God be the Greatest Glory.

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FOREWORD:

This book is made for the Knights of the Altar. This serves as a guide to each and every member that
are serving in God’s House of Worship. This handbook is years in the making, a pinnacle of Altar and Church
Education and Formation in which everyone is entitled to learn and be informed.

This is the lifeline of the traditions and revised customs of altar service. It embodies how the Knights
of the Altar has changed overtime to meet with the demands of the modern world, while maintaining a
traditional status of service in perseverance, piousness, and solemnity.

Treat this book as a house, a friend, and a tutor. The contents of this handbook should and keep you
together in the name of serving and defending God’s Church and his Altar. This book is made especially for
Altar Servers. And may this handbook guide every single one of you in unity, prosperity and be closer to God.

To God be the Glory, and God Bless.

Sincerely Yours,

RAPHAEL LAURENCE M. GALEON, KOFA EDILBERT BRIAN C. BRIONES, KOFA

Formation and Education Director, KOFA – MCIC Knight Director, KOFA - MCIC

NIHIL OBSTAT: IMPRIMATUR:

REV. FR. QUINCY JONES ONDONA MOST REV. MARTIN S. JUMOAD, D.D
SPIRITUAL DIRECTOR, KOFA - ICCP ARCHBISHOP OF OZAMIZ
MM/DD/2022

PRINTED AND BOOK-BINDED BY:

PRIMESTAR PRINTERS INC.

VALCONCHA STREET, AGUADA, OZAMIZ CITY

© KNIGHTS OF THE ALTAR - 2022

METROPOLITAN CATHEDRAL OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION
Rizal Avenue, Aguada, Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines

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 THE

KNIGHTS OF THE ALTAR

HANDBOOK

6
Chapter I:
History and Introduction of the Knights of the Altar

Photo: Pope Francis and an Altar Server during a visit call in St. Peter’s Basilica.

The Knights of the Altar is a Catholic Religious Organization founded to serve God’s Altar and to be
good role models to young boys in the society.

There is no history actually written about altar boys or use of that name during the early days of the
Church, except for the word acolyte (the one who follows; a companion). It was instituted, by the Church,
as a sacramental participation in the order of deacon. As preparatory steps to priesthood, an aspirant shall
pass the following minor ranks of Holy Order: Tonsure, Porter, Lector, Exorcist, and Acolyte.

In the 9th century, at the Synod of Mainz, a decree was passed that "every priest should have a cleric
or boy to read the epistle or lesson, to answer him at mass, and with whom he can chant the psalms.” This is
a clear indication for the substitution of altar boys for minor clerics of acolyte dating back for more than 1,000
years. Since this privilege was granted, altar boys have had an active part in divine worship. There have been
hundreds of thousands of these boys whose noblest common desire is to serve, glorify, and give honor to
God. One fact stands out that from among these boy servers rose some of the great and famous Church
figures, like Francis Xavier, Cardinal Newman, Paschal Baylon, Martin de Porres, and Pope Pius X.

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Photo: A biblical depiction of a Boy offering Fish and Bread of what became known as the Feeding of the 5000.

In Pre-Christian Times, during one of the important time in Jesus’ life, He accepted the
services of a young boy. This young boy provided five loaves and two fish for that very momentous
miracle with which Jesus launched his teaching on the Holy Eucharist. The Sacred Writers do not
tell us the name of the young boy, only his deed, and his act of service. Altar servers also perform
a great deed of service. In past centuries, only priests or those ordained to the office of Acolyte
were allowed beyond the Communion rail to assist in the Worship of God. The Order of Acolyte is
a step toward the priesthood. It is the highest of the four minor orders, before a man seriously
commits himself to the priesthood with the three major orders. As seminaries grew, the Order of
Acolyte became for the seminarian a step to the goal of Priesthood, and thus not as many
remained Acolyte to assist priests in the Sacred Services. Therefore the Church allowed lay men
to perform the duties of that office. As it became more necessary for men to work steady hours
to fulfill their duties as fathers and breadwinners, and young men were called to serve in war time,
boys were taught to take on the responsibilities of assisting the priests in their service of God.

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Altar Server Sodality –
Italy (1858)

The Modern History of

the Knights of the Altar started
here, when Saints John Bosco
and Dominic Savio founded the
organization. The Altar Servers
served their first Mass on
January 31, 1858, on the
occasion of the feast day
celebration of St. Francis de Sales. January 31 is now the feast day of St. John Bosco himself. Don Bosco
celebrated the Mass and officially commissioned the Knights of the Altar in Divine Worship on February 2,
1858.

Guild of St. Stephen – England (1905)

The Guild of St Stephen is an International

Organization of Altar Servers founded in England in
1904 by Father Hamilton McDonald when he
formed a Society of Altar Servers at the Convent of
the Sacred Heart in London. In 1905, Pope Pius X
gave his approbation to the Canonical
establishment of the Guild at Westminster
Cathedral and in 1906, the Sacred Congregation
of Rites made the Guild an Archconfraternity prima
primaria enabling all the parish branches to be
linked with it. The Guild spread, and in 1934, Pope
Pius XI enabled all Guilds of Altar Servers
throughout the British Commonwealth to be
affiliated with the Archconfraternity at
Westminster.
Photo: Westminster Cathedral

Knights of the Altar - The United States

(1939)

A diocesan priest from St. Paul,

Minnesota, Reverend Francis E. Benz, formed
the Knights of the Altar in the United States in
September of 1938. The Archbishop approved
it on March 28, 1939, making a historical mark
on the overall organization as the first
authorized and approved Altar Server
organization.

Photo: Cathedral of St. Paul, Minnesota

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 Photo: Altar Boys Serving at the Vatican

KNIGHTS OF THE ALTAR

The Knights of the Altar is a sacred organization of boys and men who serve Our Blessed Lord at His
altar. It was organized in September, 1938, in response to many requests from priests, brothers and nuns who
felt the need of an organization that would aid them in solving the many problems they encounter from time
to time in directing an altar boy society. These directors desired a central organization with rules and
regulations to which they could conform and which would also serve as a clearing house for their many
problems. In forming the Knights of the Altar, studies were made of various local altar boy organizations. The
successful and outstanding features were noted and used as a basis for this national society. Every feature
was tried and tested and was found to be quite successful. Local directors may, at their discretion change
certain details to suit the customs of their individual parishes. It is recommended, however, that they adhere
as closely as possible to the general structure.

PURPOSE OF THE SACRED ORGANIZATION

(1) To form a worthy guard of honor to our Divine Eucharistic King in whose service we willingly assume
the dignity and honor of becoming Knights of the Altar:

(2) To render faithful, reverent and edifying service to God by assisting His visible representatives, the
Bishops and Priests, in offering the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and in all other liturgical and
devotional functions;

(3) To enkindle in the hearts of the faithful whom we represent at the altar, greater piety and devotion
by reverently performing the duties of our holy office and by giving good example in our daily lives;

(4) Finally, to insure the continued and efficient function of the Knights of the Altar as a society by
attending meetings and giving of our service to the Church.

10
SERVING

When Serving in the presence of Our Savior and surrounded by His Heavenly Host it is both wise and
necessary for a server to perform all assigned duties with attention, dignity and reverence. Just as Jesus
“emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant . . .” servers should set aside their own preferences and attend
to every action of the Divine Liturgy as a team, all rehearsing the Divine Celebration in the same manner and
style as directed by the parish priest and performed by their companion servers.

The server, participating as instructed, will enter into a fuller participation in the Holy Sacrifice of the
Mass while assisting the priests and deacons as the mysteries of the Upper Room and Calvary are represented
to God’s people. All actions of the server are woven from signs and symbols whose meaning is rooted in the
works of creation and in human culture, specified by events in the Old Testament and fully revealed in the
person and work of Jesus Christ. Therefore, it is imperative that all servers do their assigned tasks in the
prescribed form and manner.

The Sanctuary is holy, and access to it is restricted to a very few men. Do not abuse the privilege you
have been given to enter the sanctuary for service by being disrespectful or entering the holy place
unnecessarily

1. Servers will be required to vest in either cassock with surplice or alb and cincture as directed by the
parish priest.

2. Close worn under an alb should be such that they so not have patterns, pictures, stripes, checks or
any other design which will show through the alb.

3. Dress shoes and appropriate socks or stockings must be worn. The sanctuary is no place for sneakers,
running shoes, or any other sports footwear.

4. Servers carry the cross, the processional candle(s), hold the book for the priest celebrant when he is
not at the altar, carry the incense and censer, present the bread, wine, and water to the priest during
the preparation of the gifts or assist him when he receives the gifts from the people, wash the hands
of the priest, hold the Communion paten and assist the priest celebrant and deacon as necessary.

Who may serve?

A server can be any person who has received first confession and Holy Communion. Each bishop
and each parish may have additional requirements but basically there are no other universal restriction
about age or sex. However, most Catholic Parishes retain their all-male traditional formation in order to follow
historical traditions dating back in the time of Savio and Bosco.

Why serve?

The leader of the server training should discern the reasons why a candidate wishes to serve and be
reasonably certain that the candidate, and not parental pressures, are the main motivation. A reluctant or
disinterested server is a distraction to the priest, parishioners and fellow servers. A poor attitude can have a
negative effect on the overall parish faithful. It is not uncommon for a parent to want a child to be a server
but the child has no desire and this is a disaster.

Required Basic Knowledge of the Mass

A server candidate is required to know the principal prayers of the Mass: The Gloria, Our Father,
Nicene Creed, Lamb of God, Lord, I am not worthy and Holy, Holy, Holy. If they cannot take the time to
memorize these basic prayers they may be demonstrating a lack of sufficient interest in being a good server.

11
Not knowing these prayers usually results in a server who just stands there looking out of touch and in
ignorance of our most sacred act of worship.

In addition have servers memorize three passages from scripture to help them appreciate the
sacrificial nature of the Eucharist. These are the ones I use but there are many others which can be used to
start a discussion about why we have the Sacrifice of the Mass.

All candidates should know and recite the basic flow of the mass. They must learn this so as to later
perform their tasks at the proper times. They should be taught the use of all the liturgical items they will be
handling and the purpose of each item.

1. All candidates must demonstrate their ability to make use of the “tools of the trade” such as matches,
candle lighters, books and candles, processional cross, preparation of credence table, chalice,
mass colors, etc. On the job training is very important. New servers should not be allowed to be alone
without the guidance of experienced servers for several masses.

2. All server candidates must be able to demonstrate their ability to genuflect, bow and make the sign
of the cross. It is an eye-opener to see that many candidates never heard of the sign of the cross or
genuflection.

3. They must understand genuflecting is reserved for and to the Real Presence of the Lord Jesus Christ
whether on exposed on the altar or reserved in the tabernacle. Genuflecting is a form of worship of
our God and should only be done to Him alone. It would be a grave mistake to genuflect to any
altar, cross, picture or crucifix. Catholics do not worship (latria) anyone but the ONE TRIUNE GOD,
Father Son and Holy Spirit. Praise be God forever.

4. Servers should be shown how to bow in respect to the altar as it is where Jesus offers his Body to the
Father for the propitiation of our sins.

Sometimes servers are very young and must be shown the proper way to genuflect, bow, kneel, stand,
hold and care for the Communion paten and sit during Mass. They should be required to demonstrate
sufficient form and dexterity in these motions before being commissioned as servers.

Duties

Servers are not just wall decorations, they are primarily there to assist the priest and to discern their
vocation if they have one. Here is a short list of server duties.

1. The servers’ first duty is to prepare for the Mass. The server should arrive at the Church early, usually
15 to 20 minutes before Mass, to perform the appropriate setup for their parish.

2. The Server must also stay after Mass to return the Church to its non-service condition.

3. Servers should not handle any consecrated bread or wine unless specifically directed by the priest
or deacon in an emergency situation. If the server suspects any consecrated fragments or wine
remain on the sacred vessels they must inform the priest or deacon immediately.

4. Servers must remain in the sanctuary during the entire Mass and are not to leave the sanctuary during
Mass for any reason other than Illness or the direction of the priest or deacon. Altar servers are on
duty from the time they enter the sanctuary at the start of Mass until the priest exits at the end of
Mass. Thirst, itches, and the like are not a bodily necessities and therefore are never an excuse for
leaving the sanctuary before the final procession.

5. Servers have many specific duties depending on the parish priest. These duties include serving the
wine and water to the priest or deacon, washing the priests’ hands, ringing bells, using the paten at
communion time, standing, sitting and kneeling. Depending on the parish they may also be required
to prepare the ciboria, chalice, and credence table and cleaning up after Mass. In any of these

12
 positions they should maintain a straight formal posture. If you have never seen a formal posture look
to the military for an example of how to sit, stand and kneel. If you have a free hand while holding
some object you should place the other hand in the military attention position or place it across your
heart. Pastor’s choice.

6. In the standing position hands should be held in the praying position as seen in most Christian artwork.
Never hold hands in any position which would be more appropriate at a bus stop or on a corner.

7. In the kneeling position hands should be held as in the standing position. You must kneel upright, not
slouching or sitting on your heals.

8. When sitting the hands should be held on the lap or at the sides. Never slouch. Never play with your
cinctures, pick your nose or otherwise cause a public reason to take notice of you. You are not on
stage; you are serving at the altar of Our God. Note: Holding hands in the prayer position was a
medieval sign of submission to a manner lord and it’s very appropriate to signify submission to our
Divine Lord. Clasping hands and kneeling may be difficult due to arthritis or other physical limitations
should be the only reason to excuse these activities. Remember, you are seen by all the parishioners
and how you conduct yourself is important to their understanding of the eternal Lamb’s Supper and
His Sacrificial Act being represented for us in time.

9. When assisting the priest with the Communion paten during Holy Communion the server must always
hold the paten level from the time it is picked up from its storage place until it is returned to the priest
or deacon after all have received. It must never be tilted or turned so as to spill any fragments of the
Body of Jesus which may have been caught by it. It is the responsibility of the server holding the
paten to protect the Body of Jesus from falling on the floor. A new server should practice using the
paten with another server till proficiency is obtained. They must be instructed in how to hold a paten
properly during communion in order to catch any fragment of the Host that may fall. This should be
practiced until there is no hesitation even when people receive in the hand.

10. Every altar server must attend every Mass they are scheduled for. When a server cannot be present,
that server must arrange for a replacement.

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Chapter 2:

Parts of a Catholic Church

Photo: the National Shrine Basilica of the Immaculate Conception showing the Nave and the Sanctuary

A Typical Catholic Church such as the photo shown above located in Washington DC, has
various parts with interesting terminologies that must be known by all altar servers as they turn their
parish Churches as their 2nd or Third home. A Church is a house of worship whether big or small,
either adorned with images, and architectural designs that gave each Church a distinction. But
despite the awe-inspiring designs and add-ons, their designated parts practically stayed the same
well over 2000 years.

Catholic Churches in the Early Days of the Church were mostly small homes or caves that
only required a few things in order to say Mass. The reason for this is because The Church was
under heavy persecution by the Roman Empire especially under the reign of Emperor Nero who
wreaked havoc on Christians. Today, Catholic Churches are massive structures made of stone,
marble, and heavy material that can support a massive number of parishioners. An example of
this is the St. Peter’s Basilica, which has a capacity of over 60,000 people and it was designated
as an UNESCO World Heritage Site

14
 A Catholic Church’s basic
superstructure is shown on
the left. This is a typical
design of a Church in a
Cruciform plan.

Not all Churches have this

kind of floor plan, some are
simple floor plans with a
basilica plan, with aisles
similar to the Ozamiz
Cathedral. The Physical parts
of a Catholic Church are
shown below:

Façade:

The significant front of the church usually

on the west front but can be on the side as well.
The Façade can be ornate with towers and spires.
The Façade can be called a Porch. On the right is
The Immaculate Conception Cathedral Parish
Façade in Ozamiz City.

Narthex:

The narthex is an architectural element typical of

early Christian and Byzantine basilicas and churches
consisting of the entrance or lobby area, located at the
west end of the nave, opposite the church's main altar.
On the left is a modern Narthex of a Catholic Church in
the US.

15
Chancel:

The space around the altar, including the

choir and the sanctuary (sometimes called the
presbytery), at the liturgical east end of a traditional
Christian church building. It may terminate in an
apse.

Apse:

A semicircular or polygonal termination to the

choir, chancel, or aisle of a secular or
ecclesiastical Church. First used in pre-Christian
Roman architecture, the apse often functioned as
an enlarged niche to hold the statue of a deity in
a temple.

Chevet:

A semicircular or polygonal east end of a

church, esp a French Gothic church, often with a
number of attached apses.

Ambulatory:

The continuation of the aisled spaces on either

side of the nave (central part of the church) around the
apse (semicircular projection at the east end of the
church) or chancel (east end of the church where the
main altar stands) to form a continuous processional
way.

16
Nave:

The nave is the central part of a church, stretching

from the main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in
a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a
church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type building,
the strict definition of the term "nave" is restricted to the
central aisle. On the right The St. Peter’s Basilica Nave.

Aisle:

The portion of a church or basilica that parallels

or encircles the major sections of the structure, such as
the nave, choir, or apse (aisles around the apse are
usually called ambulatories). The aisle is often set off by
columns or by an arcade. On the left is The West Aisle of
the Ozamiz Cathedral.

Transept:

A transept is an area set crosswise to the nave in a

cruciform building within the Romanesque and Gothic
Christian church architectural traditions. Each half of a
transept is known as a semi transept.

Crossing:

A crossing, is the junction of the four arms of

a cruciform (cross-shaped) church. Most Church
Crossing has a dome or a tower on top, but others
don’t have.

17
Sanctuary:

The area around the altar. It is also

considered holy because of the physical presence of
God in the Eucharist, both during the Mass and in
the church tabernacle the rest of the time. On the
right is the Manila Cathedral Sanctuary.

Bell Tower:

Campanile, bell tower, usually built beside or attached to

a church. The Bell tower is used to call the faithful to worship.
On the left in the St. Mark’s Basilica Bell Tower in Venice,
Italy.

Pulpit:

A pulpit is a raised stand for preachers in a

Catholic church. The origin of the word is the Latin pulpitum
(platform or staging). It also serves as an elevated lectern,
they’re different but they serve a similar purpose. On the
right is the St. Patrick’s Cathedral Pulpit in New York City.

Chapel

A chapel is a Christian place of prayer and worship

that is usually relatively small. Some chapels are attached to
a Church, such as the St. Nino Chapel located in the East
Chapel of the Cathedral of Ozamiz, and the Old Prayer
Room/Adoration Chapel located at the West Chapel of the
Cathedral. On the left is the Sistine Chapel inside Vatican City.

18
 Sacristy:

Sacristy, also called vestry, is a room in a Christian

church in which vestments and sacred objects used
in the services are stored and housed in which the
clergy and sometimes the altar boys and the choir
members put on their robes. On the right is the St. Peter’s
Basilica Sacristy.

Parts of the Sanctuary

Altar:
The sacred table on which the sacrifice of the Mass
is offered to God; the table from which the faithful receive
the Blessed Sacrament. On the left is the Altar at St. Peter’s
Basilica.

High Altar:
-the principal altar in a church. The High Altar contains
the Tabernacle. A typical high altar is used in Tridentine
Masses.

Presider’s/President’s Chair:

The presider's chair is more than a chair. It symbolizes the priest. The
priest who presides at Mass stands at the chair for the opening rites, sits in
the chair for the Scripture readings and stands at the chair again for the
communion prayer and concluding rites. The presider’s chair may be separate
or suspended within the Church Structure.

19
Cathedra:
- A cathedra is the raised throne of a bishop. When
used with this meaning, it may also be called the bishop's
throne. With time, the related term cathedral became
synonymous with the "seat", or principal church, of a
bishopric. The Cathedra is usually suspended on the Church
infrastructure, either on the left, center or right in the
Sanctuary but not intersecting the altar. On the right is the
Cathedra of St. John Lateran in Rome, the Mother Church of
the Universal Church.

Tabernacle
a tabernacle is a fixed, locked box in which the
Eucharist (consecrated communion hosts) is "reserved"
(stored). The tabernacle stays closed in the duration of
the liturgical year, except for Good Friday wherein it
symbolizes that Christ departed.

Tabernacle/Sanctuary Lamp
An oil lamp or wax candle, known as the sanctuary lamp, would be
continuously aglow above or near the tabernacle. The General Instruction
to the Roman Missal, a guide for how to celebrate Mass, states, “In
accordance with traditional custom, near the tabernacle a special lamp,
fueled by oil or wax, should be kept alight to indicate and honor the
presence of Christ.

Ambo:
-a raised stand used for reading the Gospel or the Epistle,
first used in early basilicas. Originally, the ambo took the form
of a portable lectern, modern Ambones are suspended within
the Sanctuary, but some Churches make use of Pulpits rather
than Ambones, making them obsolete.

20
Choir/Sanctuary Seats:
A choir, also sometimes called quire, is the area of
a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy
and church choir. Some Modern Churches have choirs on
the sanctuary such as that of the Ozamiz Cathedral called
Sanctuary Seats with the same purpose but only for the
Ordained and the Lay such as altar servers and lay ministers.
But more traditional Churches have their Choirs at the base
of the Sanctuary. On the right is the Palencia Cathedral
Choir in Spain.

Baptismal Font:
A baptismal font is a basin, vase, or other receptacle in
which water is store for the Christian ritual of baptism.
Fonts are often placed at or near the entrance to
a church's nave to remind believers of their baptism as they
enter the church to pray, since the rite of baptism served as
their initiation into the Church.

Credence Table:
A credence table is a small side table in the
sanctuary which is used in the celebration of the Eucharist.
(Latin credens, -entis, believer). The credence table is usually
placed near the wall on the epistle (south) side of the
sanctuary, and may be covered with a fine linen cloth. The
Credence Table is used to house sacred vessels to be used
before, during and after mass.

Other Church Ornaments

Crucifix:
The crucifix emphasizes Jesus' sacrifice—his death
by crucifixion, which Christians believe brought about the
redemption of humankind. ... Large crucifixes high across
the central axis of a church are known by the Old English
term rood. On the left is the Crucifix in the San Pedro
Cathedral in Davao.

21
Marian Image
the Marian Image is often be seen in traditional and
modern churches. The image emphasizes that Mary is the
Mother of God. Common Philippine Catholic Churches have
Marian Images either suspended on either side outside the
Sanctuary, or within the Sanctuary. On the right is the
Immaculate Conception Image in the Ozamiz Cathedral.

Holy Water Stoup

A holy water font or stoup is a vessel containing holy
water which is generally placed near the entrance of a church. It
is often placed at the base of a crucifix or religious
representation. The stoup is used for the congregation to dip their
hands on the stoup as a reminder of the initiation of Baptism.

Confessional Box:
A confessional is a box, cabinet, booth, or stall in
which the priest in some Christian churches sits to hear the
confessions of penitents. ... By this arrangement the priest is
hidden, but the penitent is visible to the public. On the
right is a typical Confessional Box used in the Vatican City.

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Chapter 3:
SACRED VESSELS AND ITS FUNCTIONS

Photo: The Chalice and Paten, the primary vessels in the Holy Eucharist

Sacred Vessels such as the ones shown above are widely known to be used in Mass, dating
back 2000 years ago. These vessels play a huge part of Catholic Tradition in saying mass. Sacred
Vessels are the receptacles and utensils used in liturgical celebrations to hold the consecrated
Body and Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ. In the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, these
are Chalices, Patens, Ciboria, Pyxes, and Monstrances, etc. The Sacred Vessels of the Church are
to be treated with special care and reverence, even to its tiniest form.

All vessels have their distinctive roles to play during Mass, so it is necessary for us to be
familiar with these sacred objects.

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Ablution cup - covered dish of water on the side of the tabernacle used by the priest,
deacon or extraordinary ministers of the Eucharist to wash their fingers after distributing
Communion.

Burse - A square container for holding the corporal. It is selected for the liturgical
color of the day. Used Corporals should always be placed in the proper container
for sacred cloths after mass.

Chalice - A cup of precious metal that holds the wine which becomes the Blood of
Jesus after the consecration. All chalices should be placed in their places after
Mass. If the Chalices were left unpurified by the priest or deacon for some reason
they should be left out on the presentation table for purification by the priest or
deacon. Never put an unpurified chalice away.

Chalice veil - A cloth covering used to hide the chalice and paten up to the
offertory and after Communion. It is selected by the liturgical color for the service.
Also known as a Peplum.

Ciborium/Ciboria - A large cup or container of precious metal with a cover of the

same material which will hold the Body of Jesus after the consecration for distribution
of Holy Communion to the faithful.

Communion Paten - A small saucer shaped plate of precious metal with a handle,
usually wooden, used by the altar server to protect the Body of Jesus from falling to
the ground if a minister or communicant accidently drop a fragment of the Host.

Corporal - A white linen cloth, usually with a cross in the center, used to protect any
particles of the Precious Body and Blood of Jesus from falling to the altar cloth. It is
always folded and unfolded as to protect any particles from being lost. The
corporal is like the body winding sheet used to hold the crucified body or Our Lord
in the tomb.

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 IHS - the first three letters of Jesus’s Name in Greek and often used to decorate the
altar, vessels, and other church facades. The meaning of IHS is Iesu Hominum
Salvator. This can be seen to almost every Church vessels and ornaments.

Lunette - A thin, circular receptacle, having a glass face that holds the Consecrated
Host used for Adoration and Benediction. It slides into the monstrance on a little
track.

Monstrance - This is a large, ornate vessel used to hold the Blessed Sacrament for
Adoration, Benediction and solemn Eucharistic processions.

Pall - A square piece of cardboard or plastic which is covered by linen and used to
cover the chalice.

Paten - A small saucer shaped plate of precious metal that holds the Host. No
layperson should ever touch the paten and servers should be very careful when they
have to handle it their official duties. (See Communion Paten.)

Piscina - A sink with it drain going directly into the ground usually fitted with a cover
and lock which is used for the disposal of the following: The sacred linen wash and
rinse water, used holy water, used baptismal water and blessed ashes. No other use is
allowed. It is the ancient term and usage of the modern Sacrarium.

Purificator - A linen cloth used by the priest or deacon to dry the chalice after washing
and purifying it. Used Purificators must always be placed in the proper container for
sacred cloths.

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Pyx - A case, about the size of a pocket watch, in which Communion is carried to those
who are sick or unable to come to church.

Sacrarium - A sink with it drain going directly into the ground usually fitted with a
cover and lock which is used for the disposal of the following: The sacred linen wash
and rinse water, used holy water, used baptismal water and blessed ashes. No other
use is allowed. The modern descendant of the Piscina.

Pitcher and Basin – Used for washing of hands of the mass presider, and extraordinary
ministers. They are usually made of Brass or Stainless Steel

Cruets - a small container for the wine or water to be used in the celebration of the
Eucharist. They are usually made of glass with a lid or a cork.

Finger Towel – Similar to a Purificator, the finger towel is a white cloth used to cleanse
the presider’s hands prior to the Eucharistic Prayer.

Candle Snuffer - Candle snuffers are used for extinguishing candle flames. The cone
shaped top keeps air away from the flame which causes it to extinguish.

Stock - The metal containers used to hold the oil of the catechumen, the oil of chrism
and the oil for anointing the sick.

Thaborstand - The ornate stand used to support the Monstrance during

exposition of the Blessed Sacrament.

26
Thurible – A censer burner which burns the incense grain on a high mass or any
pontifical celebrations. The person in charge of using the incense is the thurifer.

Incense Boat – A vessel containing the incense grain for burning incense.

Processional Cross - A processional cross is a crucifix or cross which is carried in

Christian processions.

Processional Candles - are ideal for church services,

candlelight vigils, ceremonies, or at any event where candles will be hand-held.
Included are paper bobeches (drip protectors) to catch drips and keep molten
wax off of hands.

Bishop’s Cross – Similar to a Processional Cross, the Bishop’s Cross is used in mass when
the Bishop is the main celebrant. The Bishop’s Cross is usually ornamented.

Bishop’s Candles - Similar to a Processional Candle, the Bishop’s Candles are used in
mass when the Bishop is the main celebrant. They may be lit up either during his mass
only or in the duration of the whole day when masses are straight.

27
Aspersory and Aspergillum – The Aspersory is a container/bucket containing holy
water while the Aspergillum is the holy water sprinkler. Both are different vessels
but works as one system.

Communion Cups – These are chalice-like vessels used at Communion when the
congregation receive the most Precious Blood of Christ.

Crotalus – A wooden clapper in replacement of church bells. This is only used

during Easter Triduum and is the rarest of liturgical devices.

Altar Bells – used during every Mass. This symbolizes “joyful noise to the Lord” as a
way to give thanks for the miracle taking place atop the altar.

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Chapter 4:
SACRED VESTMENTS and LITURGICAL COLORS

Photo: Cassock and Surplice, a common vestment in both ordained and laypersons.

“These are the vestments they shall make: a breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a brocade
tunic, a turban, and a sash. In making these sacred vestments which your brother Aaron
and his sons are to wear in serving as my priests, they shall use gold, violet, purple, and
scarlet yarn and fine linen.” Stated in Exodus 28:4-5. Sacred Vestments have been around for
centuries dating back during the time of Moses. Jewish Traditions have been passed from
Generations to Generations, until it evolved and took on its modern Christian form. Even Liturgical
Colors have since been practiced by our Church fathers during the Roman Persecutions against
Christians in Ancient Rome. But Sacred Vestments and Colors aren’t just mere symbols, but an
unchanged tradition that has been radiating for thousands of years.

Vestments vary in different forms and purposes whether it’s the lay or the ordained. Some
exclusive Vestments are used by the lay, only if authorized by the Parish Rector or the Bishop. And
liturgical colors follow on to what the Liturgical Calendar prescribes.

29
 -The Sacred Vestments-

Alb - The Alb, one of the liturgical vestments in the Church, is an ample white
garment coming down to the ankles and is usually girdled with a cincture. Worn
over the amice, the Alb symbolizes the garment of the newly baptized, also the
purity of soul required for Mass, and the garment in which Pilate clothed Christ.

Cincture - The cincture is a liturgical vestment, worn encircling the body around
or above the waist. Besides its functional role in securing the Alb and stole, the
cincture bears a symbolic role, signifying chastity and purity.

*Alb and Cincture are usually used by female Altar Servers, Seminarians,
Deacons, and Priests.

Cassock – The Cassock is the principal vestment used by the members of the Lay
(Altar Servers and Seminarians) and the Clergy. It is a robe reaching down to the
feet, and normally has 33 buttons (symbolizing Christ’s 33 earthly years). For priests
it is Black, Violet for Bishops, Red for Cardinals, and White for the Pope. In the case
of Altar Servers, it depends on the decision of the parish priest, whether it can be
Black, Red, White, Violet, or all of the above.

Surplice – The Surplice is a smaller version of the Alb, without a cincture. It is a

wide, often white outer vestment that is usually paired with a cassock,
embroidered with designs at the hem and at the sleeves. It is a liturgical vestment
worn by all, altar servers, seminarians and the ordained, especially during
processions, masses, or when administering the sacraments. Like the Alb, it
represents the garment given to each of us at our baptism.

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 Stole - The stole is a liturgical vestment of the Church. It consists of
a band of colored cloth, formerly usually of silk, about seven and a
half to nine feet long and three to four inches wide, whose ends
may be straight or may broaden out. This is used by the members
of the clergy, either a priest, deacon, bishop or the pope. While
Priests wear the stole by placing it upon his neck, the deacon
wears it over to his shoulders. Upon wearing the Stole, the vesting
prayer is:

Redde mihi, Domine,

stolam immortalitatis,
quam perdidi in praevaricatione primi parentis:
et, quamvis indignus accedo ad tuum sacrum mysterium,
merear tamen gaudium sempiterum.

Which is translated in English as:

Lord,
restore the stole of immortality,
which I lost through the actions of our first parents,
and although I am unworthy to approach your sacred mysteries,
may I gain eternal joy.

Chasuble – The Chasuble is the outer and chief vestment of the

priest. Its name means “Little House” and it represents the
overshadowing power of Christ. It is exclusively reserved to the
priest or any presiding clergy. Upon wearing the Chasuble, the
vesting prayer is:

Domine, qui dixisti:

Jugum meum suave est et onus meum leve:
fac, ut istud portare sic valeam,
quod consequar tuam gratiam.

Which in English is:

Lord, you have said:
My yoke is sweet and my burden is light.
Grant that I may carry your yoke well
so as to obtain your grace.

Mitre - mitre, also spelled miter, liturgical headdress worn by Roman

Catholic bishops and abbots and some Anglican and Lutheran bishops.
It has two shield-shaped stiffened halves that face the front and back.
Two fringed streamers, known as lappets, hang from the back. It
developed from the papal tiara and came into use in the 11th century.

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 Dalmatic – The Dalmatic is a liturgical vestment worn over other
vestments by The Church. It probably originated in Dalmatia
(now in Croatia) and was a commonly worn outer garment in the
Roman world in the 3rd century and later. Gradually, it became
the distinctive garment of deacons. Upon wearing the Dalmatic,
the vesting prayer is:

Indue me, Domine,

indumento salutis et vestimento laetitiae;
et dalmatica justitiae
circumda me semper.

Which in English it translates as:

Lord,
vest me in the garment of salvation
the vestment of joy.
May I always be surrounded
with the dalmatic of justice.

Cope – The Cope is a cloak, opened in the front and fastened at the breast
with a band or clasp, and it is used for Benediction. Processions, and other
occasions outside of Mass. It represents the royalty of Christ, and is served for
most special occasions.

Humeral Veil – The Humeral Veil is a long, wide, rectangular fringed cloth that
is often ornamented in the middle. It is worn by the priest or deacon when
carrying the Blessed Sacrament in procession or giving benediction. Its purpose
is to keep people from being distracted by the hands and arms of the
priest/deacon by covering them entirely, freeing the people to just focus on
the Eucharist. It is worn around the shoulders like a shawl.

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 Maniple - The maniple is a liturgical vestment used primarily within the Catholic
Church, and occasionally used by some Anglo-Catholic and Lutheran clergy.
It is an embroidered band of silk or similar fabric that is hung over the left arm.
In the Papal Mass as formerly celebrated, the Pope wore a special maniple
intertwined with red and gold threads, symbolizing the unity of the Eastern and
Western rites of the Catholic Church.

Zucchetto – a small silk skullcap worn by Roman Catholic clergymen. Developed

from the pileus, a close-fitting, brimless hat commonly worn by the Romans, the
zucchetto has probably been worn by ecclesiastics since the 13th century. It was
worn under the mitre and biretta to preserve them and is still worn under these
head coverings at services. It is worn alone at other times. The color depends on
the wearer’s rank: white for the pope, red for cardinals, violet for bishops, and
black for priests.

Crosier - also spelled crozier, also called pastoral staff, staff with a curved top
that is a symbol of the Good Shepherd and is carried by bishops of the Roman
Catholic, Anglican, and some European Lutheran churches and by abbots and
abbesses as an insignia of their ecclesiastical office and, in former times, of
temporal power.

-The Liturgical Colors-

Liturgical Colors have corresponding celebrations that lines up with the Liturgical Calendar of
the Catholic Church such as Advent and Lent is Purple and Red is Pentecost.

Purple/Violet
The Symbol of Penance and Waiting. It is used during the
penitential seasons of Advent and Lent, and of days of Fasting. It
reminds us of preparation. It may also be worn during funerals as an
alternative dark color, to show mourning and the preparation of the
dead. Purple/Violet is the first color in the Liturgical Calendar.

33
Rose
The Symbol of Joy and Love for Christ. Rose vestments are only
worn twice in the liturgical year, during the third Sunday of Advent,
and the fourth Sunday of Lent. They are to remind Catholics of the joy
in the times of penance and worship.

White/Gold
The Symbol of Celebration and Triumph, Purity and Innocence. It is
used on all feasts of the joyful and glorious mysteries of our Lord’s life,
on the fest day of the Blessed Virgin Mary, on the feasts of angels and
of all saints who were not martyred. White/Gold is used during
Christmas, Epiphany, and Easter.

Green
The Symbol of Hope and Growth. Green is the color of budding and living
vegetation. It is used in Ordinary Time, to show that our common state is one of
growing in our relationship with God, longing and hoping for eternal life. Green
is used in the majority of the Liturgical Calendar.

Red
The Symbol of Sacrifice because it is the color of Blood, is used on all feasts
of our Lord’s Cross and Passion, on the feasts on the Apostles and of all
Martyrs. It is also a symbol of the Holy Spirit when it is used on Pentecost and in
Masses of the Holy Spirit, in Memory of the tongues of Fire on the First
Pentecost.

Black
The Symbol of Mourning and Death. It may be used in funerals or a day
commemorating the dead or great loss of life, like All Souls Day. Black is rarely
used.

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Regional and Situational Exempted Color:

Blue – associated with the Virgin Mary. It is permitted for the feast of the Immaculate
Conception in Spain and in some dioceses in Portugal, Mexico, and South America. In the
Philippines, it is authorized for all feasts of the Virgin Mary, a practice followed in some other
places without official warrant. There have also been uses of blue in place of violet for the season of
Advent despite the fact that this practice is not authorized under liturgical law.

35
Chapter 5:

POSTURE AND GESTURE DURING MASS

Photo: Altar Servers along with the mass presiders, with their hands fold in prayer position, a principal posture at
Mass.

When we think of Soldiers, they are sturdy and upright, with fixed positions when in
combat or stationary. We can associate ourselves to soldiers. As Soldiers of God in his
Altar, we are obliged to be disciplined, and observe good posture, just like a military
serviceman. Being alert and attentive is also one of the main characteristics of a good
altar server.

Posture is how you are using the parts of your body at a particular time. An altar
server has to carry out a number of different actions at mass, and so there are a number
of different postures. Know what you are to do while serving, and when you are to do it.
If you make a mistake don’t get flustered, and never look obvious when you make a
mishap while executing the postures.

36
Folding of hands in prayer
Fingers and thumbs together, palm on palm, right thumb over left thumb with hands resting on
chest.

MAKING A LARGE SIGN OF THE CROSS

Place left hand on your sternum, place fingers of right hand on forehead, then just above the
left hand, then the left shoulder, then the right, and finally return your hand to the folded
position. (Your palm should always remain facing your body.)

MAKING A SMALL SIGN OF THE CROSS

Fingers together, use thumb to make the sign of the cross, keeping the palm of your hand open
and facing you.

POSITION OF HANDS WHEN HOLDING SOMETHING

Place free hand on sternum, with your thumb apart from your fingers facing up toward your
chin.

STRIKING YOUR BREAST

Place your left hand on your sternum as above and lightly tap your chest with your right hand
held in a slightly cupped manner.

GIVING AND RECEIVING

When you give something to the Celebrant, try to use your right hand. When you receive
something from the Celebrant, try to use your left hand. (Remember to place your free hand on
your sternum.)

POSITION OF HANDS DURING PROCESSION

Hands must be folded in prayer at all times, either it’s a processional march inside the Church or
an outside procession.

POSITION WHEN KNEELING

Back straight, head held up, hands folded in prayer.

BOWING YOUR HEAD

At the name of Jesus or Mary you make a bow with your head.

BOWING TO the Celebrant AFTER COMPLETING A TASK FOR HIM

After you complete a task for the Celebrant, you should reverently make a simple bow to him
with your head and shoulders. Wait for the Celebrant to initiate the bow.

REVERENCING THE ALTAR

After you complete a task at the Altar, you should make a profound bow to the Altar by
bending at your waist.

NOTE: There are two types of Bows, mainly the Head Bow where you bow only your head, and
the Shoulder Bow where you will bow your head with your shoulders or upper body without
moving your lower body. Bowing is not a race. Carefully and purposefully execute a bow. If you
are completing a task with another server, bow together.

TURNING
When turning you should do so slowly. When there are two Altar Boys turning together, you
should always turn in toward each other.

37
SERVING TIP:
Never do two things at once, i.e. bowing and turning. Do each separately and deliberately.

GENUFLECTING TO THE TABERNACLE

When you cross in front of the Tabernacle you should stop and genuflect by bringing your right
knee down to the floor close to your left foot. Remember to keep your back and head straight!

NOTE: when Jesus is being adored on the Altar you should go down on both knees and make a
profound bow.

TIP: If you are completing a task at the Altar and then bow to the Celebrant or give reverence to
the Altar, you do not also have to genuflect to the Tabernacle.

SITTING
Sit down on your seat carefully and peacefully. Once you are seated, sit tall and do not slouch.
Place both feet firmly to the floor. Place your hands on your lap or flat on your thighs in a relaxed
manner.

STANDING
Always stand up straight with both feet firmly on the floor six to eight inches apart with a 45°
angle. This will give you balance and comfort at the same time. Do not lean against the wall or
on your chair.

KNEELING
When you kneel, your body should be upright and your hands should be in front of your chest,
well above your waist.

EYES
During Mass, always look towards the place where the action is happening: the celebrant’s
chair, the ambo or altar. When a reader is reading the scriptures, you should be looking at the
reader. Keep your attention on the presider in case he needs of your assistance

NOTE: Always be alert and attentive throughout the Eucharistic Celebration.

38
Chapter 6:

BOOKS USED DURING MASS

Photo: The Holy Bible, the book of Books containing the inspired words of God.

The Bible is indeed the inspired words of God, technically we use the Bible every
single day as part of our thousands-year old tradition. But you might start asking, if we use
the Bible everyday even at Mass, then what are those additional Non-Bible books that
we actually use in Mass if we only use the Bible?

Keeping the facts straight, these books are useful during Mass for guidance and
prayers that will be used by the presider or the lectors in the Eucharistic Celebration. Each
of these books play a key role during mass, pontifical celebrations, and in Rituals on what
we call as “Rites”.

39
 These books are what we call LITURGICAL BOOKS. These Special Books used primarily
during mass.

Roman Missal (Sacramentary)

The Roman Missal is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics
for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. This is
a large book that contains all the words the Presider uses during Mass, except
the Readings, hymns and homilies. Usually, the Sacramentary is placed near the
Presider’s Chair or in the Altar itself.

Presider’s Book (Book of the Chair)

The Presider’s Book contains prayers from the Sacramentary needed by
the priest when he is at his chair. This book or binder is kept at the seat of the
server whose duty is to handle the Book.

Lectionary
A lectionary is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture
readings appointed for Christian or Judaic worship on a given day or occasion.
A biblically-referenced Book itself, it contains biblical scriptures from the Old
and New Testaments assigned in a given day. The Lectionary is always placed
at the Ambo/Pulpit before Mass.

Evangeliary (Gospel Book)

The Evangeliary or Book of the Gospels is a liturgical book containing only
those portions of the four gospels which are read during Mass or in other public
offices of the Church. The corresponding terms in Latin are Evangeliarium and
Liber evangeliorum. Also a biblically-referenced book, it contains Gospel
Readings from the Gospels in the New Testament. The Evangeliary is usually
carried by a Deacon or a Lector, but in some occasions, Altar Servers carry the
Book. The Book is then placed in a Gospel Book Stand placed in the Altar.

Liturgy of the Hours (Divine Office)

The Liturgy of the Hours or Divine Office or Work of God are the canonical
hours, often also referred to as the breviary, of the Latin rites of the Catholic
Church. The Liturgy of the Hours forms the official set of prayers "marking the
hours of each day and sanctifying the day with prayer."

40
 Roman Pontifical
The Roman Pontifical, in Latin the Pontificale Romanum, is the Roman
Catholic liturgical book which contains the rites and ceremonies usually
performed by bishops. The Pontifical is the compendium of rites, for the
enactment of certain sacraments and sacramentals which may be
celebrated by a bishop, including especially the consecration of holy
chrism, and the sacraments of confirmation and holy orders.

Hymnal
A hymnal or hymnary is a collection of hymns, usually in the form of a
book, called a hymnbook. Hymnals are used in congregational singing. A
hymnal may contain only hymn texts; written melodies are extra, and more
recently harmony parts have also been provided. Also a biblical-referenced
book, it contains psalms for Mass. This book should be available at your seat
so that you may sing during mass.

Roman Ritual
The Roman Ritual is one of the official ritual works of the Roman Rite of the
Catholic Church. It contains all of the services which may be performed by a
priest or deacon which are not contained within either the Missale
Romanum, the Pontificale Romanum or the Caeremoniale Episcoporum.

41
Chapter 7:

THE ORDER OF THE MASS from the Perspective of an Altar Server

Photo: The Liturgy of the Eucharist, the most important part of the Eucharistic Celebration

In 1570, the Tridentine Mass was the norm of the Roman Rite born from the decision
of the Council of Trent during the Counter-Reformation period. It was the most basic form
of Mass, until 1969, during the pontificate of Pope Paul VI. He reformed the entire Order
of the Mass by publishing the Novus Ordo, the New Missal. The Tridentine Mass becomes
the Extraordinary Form of Mass, while the Novus Ordo became the basic norm/Ordinary
Form of Mass. This was due to make the Mass more accessible and understandable by
parishioners who cannot understand Latin since the Tridentine Mass was spoken in Latin,
and therefore making it incompatible with the Catholic faithful whose majority cannot
understand Latin. The Novus Ordo is divided into 2 parts, The Liturgy of the Word and The
Liturgy of the Eucharist.

The Novus Ordo is now the widely used Liturgy of the Roman Rite and some Eastern
Catholic Churches. We currently use the Novus Ordo in our Congregation.

42
The Order of the Mass flows in the Following:

Processional March – Introductory Rites - Collect

The Processional March is the first Part of

the Mass, wherein the Priest, Deacon, or Bishop
along with the Altar Servers, Lectors, Marian
Servers (if any) and Extraordinary Ministers will
make a formal and solemn entrance to the
Sanctuary, along with the Evangeliary held by
either the Deacon, Lector or any assigned Altar
Server

Order of Procession:

 Thurifer (High Mass)

 Incense Boat Bearer (High Mass)
 Cross Bearer/ Crucifer
 Candle Bearers (4-6 if High Mass)
 Evangeliary Holder
 Book Holder/First Server
 Main Servers
 Lectors
 Lay Ministers
 Server Escorts (Miter and Crosier Holders)
 Main Celebrant (Concelebrants if ever)

Proper Execution:

 Begin walking slowly when the congregation/choir sings the first lyric of the hymn.
 Upon reaching the entrance of the Sanctuary Rails, execute a proper genuflect then proceed to
your seats within the Sanctuary (When multiple celebrants are present, all altar servers are
obligated to proceed to the back of the Sanctuary or to the Sacristy).
 Upon reaching the beginning of the Introductory Rites, the First Server will then prepare the
Sacramentary/Presider’s Book and bring it to the Mass Presider.
 After the Introductory Rites, Penitential Act, Kyrie, Gloria, and the Collect, all must sit as the Mass
continues to the Liturgy of the Word, while the Main Server makes a solemn head bow before
retreating to his seat with the Sacramentary.

In an event of a High Mass:

 The Thurifer and the Boat Bearer will remain in the Sanctuary to assist the Presider for burning
incense, while the rest of the servers will retreat to their seats or place the cross and candle stands
to their respective positions. Both will accompany the Presider in applying incense. In the case of
the Bishop, The Bishop’s Cross and Candles will be used.
 The server escorts will stop just at the foot of the Sanctuary to receive the Miter and Crosier from the
Bishop, if the Presider is the Bishop Himself. The Crosier Holder will then put the Crosier to the Stand,
provided beside the Cathedra.

43
NOTE: Upon walking towards the Sanctuary, always walk left feet first.

Liturgy of the Word

The Liturgy of the Word stretches from
the following:
 The First Reading
 Responsorial Psalm
 Second Reading
 Gospel
 Homily
 The Creed
 Prayers of the Faithful
The Liturgy of the word is a part of the Novus
Ordo, wherein the Word of God is
proclaimed by a series of Readings, Psalters,
and Gospels recited by the Lectors and the
Presider himself.

Proper Execution:

 All Servers are to observe proper sitting position dictated in Chapter 5.

 There are times that the presider will ask or gives a server a task. So when he gives you a task, go to
the Presider, and don’t forget to make a proper bow when passing the Altar. Upon reaching the
presider, execute a formal bow and receive the task. (The Presider will likely orders a server in line
with his seat on the Sanctuary rather than from the other side to prevent distraction)
 All servers must stay on their seats if the Presider hasn’t yet stood up. And when the Presider stands
up to pick-up the Evangeliary from the Altar, server must follow suit.
 When the Presider recites the greeting before the Gospel, execute by signing a small cross on your
forehead, lips and chest while reciting this, “Glory to you, Oh Lord” then make a big Sign of the
Cross after.
 After the Gospel, all servers must sit in the duration of the Homily until the Profession of Faith and
Prayers of the Faithful.
 Upon reaching the end of both Profession of Faith and Prayers of the Faithful, the First Server must
bring the Presider’s Book in order for the Presider to say a prayer from the Book. After doing this, the
First Server will simply make a bow to the presider then retreat to his seat.

In an event of a High Mass:

 The Thurifer, the Boat Bearer and the assigned Candle Bearers will prepare at the back of the
Sanctuary for the Gospel
 The Thurifer and the Boat Bearer will head straight to the Priest to apply incense on the censer
burner, while the candle bearers will go to the steps of the high altar in its corners to await the
Thurifer and the Boat Bearer before walking to the Ambo. In the case of a Bishop, all 4 will go to the
cathedra and let the Bishop apply incense to the burner. Bowing must be observed.
 The Thurifer must hand over the Censer Burner to the Presider to apply incense to the Evangeliary.
After this, the Thurifer must be prepared to receive the Thurible back to him.
 When the Gospel is finished, all 4 must simply retreat to the back of the Sanctuary. In the case of a
Bishop, all servers must stay in their positions as the Bishop will make a Sign of the Cross using the
Evangeliary, then all can sit and the Thurifer, Boat Bearer, and Candle Bearers can retreat back to
the Sacristy or at the Back of the Sanctuary.

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 Liturgy of the Eucharist

The Liturgy of the Eucharist’s flow is

shown below:

 Offertory
 The Eucharistic Prayer
 Sanctus
 The Our Father
The Liturgy of the Eucharist is the most
important part of the Mass, wherein we
witness the blessed sacrifice in the Altar by
turning the Bread and Wine into the Spiritual
Body and Blood of Christ through
Transubstantiation. The entire Liturgy lasts from
the Offertory down to The Our Father.

Proper Execution:

In the Offertory:

 After the Collect of the Prayers of the Faithful, the Candle Holders (Candelariya)
will start moving out from the back of the sanctuary and head towards the
Narthex/Nave in order to meet up with the Offerings (Ciborium and Cruet)
(Bowing at this point for the Candle Holders isn’t Necessary)
 The rest of the Servers will bring the sacred vessels to the Altar in preparation for
the Eucharistic Prayer.
 The Main Server must bring the Sacramentary to the Stand placed on the Altar,
with the Presider’s Book. The Books will be used in the duration of the Liturgy.
 The Candle Holders can now walk back to the Sanctuary with the Offerings
behind them. The Candle Holders cannot bring the Offerings themselves. The
volunteers in the congregation must be the one who will pick up the Offerings
placed on the table in the Narthex/Nave. Once at the outside railings in the
Sanctuary, the candle holders will stop and go to the end points of the entrance
of the Sanctuary.
 The assigned servers to pick up the Offerings will accompany the presider to pick
up the Offerings. At this point, the Candle Holders are in their positions just outside
the railing of the Sanctuary.
 Once the Offerings are now picked up by the servers, the Presider will give the
congregation a blessing and goes back to the Altar in preparation for the Sanctus.
The Candle Holders can then retreat to the Sacristy or at the back of the
Sanctuary.

In an event of a High Mass:

 All postures and gestures will still be the same.

 The Thurifer and the Boat Bearer will move out to the Sanctuary to let the
presider apply incense to the censer. Both of them should be in the
sanctuary after the Candle Holders have made their move to the Narthex.
 Both the servers assigned on the Incense will always accompany the
Presider in spreading incense. If there such may be a deacon, then the
deacon will take over in escorting the Presider.

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  After escorting the presider, the presider will hand over the censer back to
the Thurifer to sprinkle incense smoke to the presider, the concelebrants (if
any), and to the whole congregation.
NOTE: For a priest, the Swing is 2 in the Center, then left and right. For the
Bishop, the Swing is 3 in the Center, then left and right, respectively. For
the entire congregation, the Swing is only 1, respectively Center, left then
right.

In the Eucharistic Prayer:

 The Presider will recite the necessary prayers and sayings coming from the
Sacramentary. All servers are obliged to respond to every responses required in
the Eucharistic Prayer.
 Proper posture and position is strictly observed and imposed.

In an event of a High Mass:

 The Thurifer, Boat Bearer, and the Candle bearers must prepare in
proceeding to the altar. The vessels must be ready for the Sanctus. 2 or 3
Censer burners can be used, depending on the decision during Practice
or directed by the Priest or Bishop.

In the Sanctus:

 The Servers will recite the hymn of the Sanctus.

 Upon reaching the end of the Hymn, all must kneel and the server/s assigned to
the Bell must go to where the Bell is remotely mounted.
 During the Recitation of the Prayers, all servers must be attentive. Upon reading
the first part before the transubstantiation process, the bell ringer rigs the Bell 2
times; One when the Presider puts his hands above the Chalice and Paten, and
another One when he makes the sign of the cross upon the sacred vessels.
 In the first segment of the Benediction, the presider will state the recital in
transubstantiating the Bread into the Body of Christ. Upon raising the Host, the bell
ringer will ring the Bell 3 times in a solemn manner (not too slow and not too fast)
 In the second segment of the Benediction, the Presider will state the recital in
transubstantiating the Wine into the Blood of Christ. Upon raising the Chalice the
bell ringer will ring the Bell 3 times in a solemn manner, with the same tempo from
the previous one.
 During the Mystery of Faith, the Presider will recite a long prayer before raising both
the Chalice and Paten. All Servers must observe proper gesture even during
kneeling, and it must be strictly observed.
 When the Presider raises both the Chalice and Paten, he will recite “Through him,
with him…..” After saying this, the bell ringer will prepare in ringing the bell. Once
the first lyric of the Great Amen is sang, the ringer rings the bell until the end of the
hymn, inviting the congregation to come forward for Communion. However, in
traditional Great Amen, the Bell is not rung.

In an event of a High Mass:

 The Thurifer, Boat Bearer and the Candle Bearers will make a procession
form the Back Entrance of the Sanctuary to the Center of the Altar. Upon
doing so, servers must observe solemnity and always walk left feet first.

46
 When the hymn is too short, the movement towards the altar must be a bit
fast but not too fast.
 After reaching the Altar the Thurifer, Boat Bearer and the Candle Bearers
will execute a solemn head bow, then the Thurifer will “change” the
Censer Chains, then kneel right knee first.
 The order of the Recital is still the same, but the Bell ringer must be alert in
ringing the Bell at the right time with the Thurifer upon swinging the Censer.
 While the Presider is still reciting, the Boat Bearer must apply incense to the
censer to generate blessed smoke from the Thurible.
 In the first segment and second, the prayer stays the same, but upon
raising the Host or the Chalice, the Thurifer must swing the censer either in
two types, Continuous Swing which is the Standard, and the 3-by-3 Swing
which is more Solemn.
 When the Thurifer is executing the Continuous Swing, the Bell Ringer
timings the ringing of the bell in a skip-able manner, depending on the
number of swings. When the Thurifer is executing the 3-by-3 Swing, the
Thurifer swings it 3 times in 3 consecutive swing sets; by this time the bell
ringer will also rings the bell with a pause, every time the Thurifer retreats
the censer.
 After the “Through him, with him…” the Thurifer then executes a
Continuous Swing of 13. The bell ringer executes the same thing.

The Communion Rite

The Communion Rite is the time

where the congregation is given Holy
Communion, in line when Jesus gave the
Bread and Wine to his disciples. The
Communion Rite starts from the Saying of
the Lord’s Prayer to the End of
Communion.

In the Our Father:

 When the Presider ask the congregation to stand for the Lord’s Prayer, servers must
also follow suit.
 Proper folding of hands in prayer must be properly observed during reciting The
Our Father since Folded Hands in Prayer is the Standard norm for the Laity in
professing the Lord’s Prayer during Mass.
 In the case of a Bishop, servers will go to the Bishop in the Altar and hold hands
upright whilst reciting the Lord’s Prayer.
 Once the Lord’s Prayer is finished, the servers should retreat to their respective
seats. There are some parishes that let the servers remain in the Altar until the
Agnus Dei.

47
 In an event of a High Mass:

 The Thurifer, Boat Bearer, and the Candle Bearers will always stand up last
once all of the congregation has stood up for the Lord’s Prayer.
 The Thurifer, Boat Bearer, and the Candle Bearers will stand up Left feet
first, then the Thurifer “changes” the Censer Chains, then all will make a
solemn head bow before retreating towards the back of the Sanctuary.

In the Agnus Dei:

 At this point, the Presider, will say “Let us offer each other the sign of peace.” The
entire congregation follows suit, including the servers.
 Servers must still observe proper behavior while saying peace to each other.
 The Bell Ringer goes into position as the Hymn is about to end.
 Once the song ends, all servers will kneel right feet first.

In the Communion:

 Prior before the start of the Communion, the Presider will recite, “Behold the Lamb
of God, behold him who takes away the sins of the world. Blessed are those called
to the supper of the Lamb.” The congregation, with the servers will say, “Lord, I am
not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul
shall be healed.”
 When the Presider starts consuming the Big Host, the Bell Ringer rings the Bell once,
then to the Drinking of the Wine, then to the placing of the Chalice back to the
Altar. A total of 3 rings in three separate sections.
 Once the Presider has done that, the entire congregation starts taking their seats
in preparation in receiving the Communion. Servers will also do the same.
 The assigned servers in using the Communion Plates will go into position in the
Nave where the Presider and the Lay Ministers are positioned at.
 All servers remained on the Sanctuary will wait for any Lay Minister or the Presider
to go back to the Altar to receive communion. Proper Posture and behavior must
still be attained.
 Once all the ciboria is returned to the Altar, all available servers must start
returning the sacred vessels to the Credence Table, including the Chalice. The
Main Server will also take the Sacramentary and the Presider’s Book back to his
seat to prepare for the Concluding Rites.

Concluding Rites - Recessional

The Concluding Rites is the final phase of the

Mass as the Presider says the Final Collect, Additional
Prayers and Final Blessing to the congregation before
leaving the Church.

Proper Execution:

 When the Presider says, “Let us Pray” all servers

must stand up and the Main Server reports to his post for
the final time.

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 As the Presider says the final collect, and the Additional Prayers such as the St. Michael the
Archangel Prayer or the Angelus, the servers are still going to remain standing, unless the
Presider or the Master of Ceremonies will announce to sit down for the Announcements.
 As the final blessing is recited by the Presider, the servers are to prepare for the
Recessional.
 And when the Presider says “…the Father, and the Son, ✠ and the Holy Spirit.” Servers will
go straight to the space between the Altar and the High Altar to prepare for the
Recessional. Then the Main Server makes a gentle head bow before putting back the
Sacramentary to His Seat for the next mass.
 When the Presider bows to the Altar, the Servers follow suit. Same when bowing to the High
Altar where the Tabernacle is located.
 Once the bowing of the Altar is done, then the Servers first will retreat to the Back of the
Sanctuary, followed with the Presider at the Back, firmly ending the Eucharistic
Celebration. In most Parish Churches, the Servers will bring the Cross and the Candles to
the Nave, along with the rest of the servers to prepare for the recessional march back to
the Narthex, still followed by the Presider from behind. In the case of a Bishop, the Bishop’s
Cross and Candles are used in the Recessional March.

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Lesson 8:

GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE KOFA

Photo: Knights of the Altar Members of the St. John Bosco Parish in Makati

MEMBERSHIP FOR TRANSFEREES

Whoever has been received into the Sacred Organization remains a member even though he
changes to another Parish, School, or Residence. In the latter case, he must try to comply with the rules and
exercises of the Knights as well as circumstances permit.

When a Knight transfers from one parish to another where the KOFA is set up, he will have to pass
the necessary requirements in order to be accepted to another parish. The Requirements include:

 Letter of Transfer
 Letter from the Spiritual Director/Rector of his old Parish of Call
 Letter from the Presiding Officer (Formation Director) of his old Parish of call
 Proof of his membership (Certificate or Photo, at least 3)
 No impending sanctions/violations from his old Parish of call
 Approval of Transfer (Knight Director)

A member retains his respective rank in the Organization until he gives it up of his own accord, is
promoted to a higher rank, is automatically dismissed by the Disciplinary Board, or is excommunicated by
the KNIGHT DIRECTOR (President) as unworthy.

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 METHOD OF ADVANCEMENT (PROMOTION)
Advancement to or in the ranks is vested in the Hands of the Knight Director, but before a member
is promoted, the entire Promotion Process is vested on the Directors of the Divisions/Commissions, The Treasury,
and the SGK Department. The job of the Directors is to evaluate a member if he is worthy for Promotion. Once
the evaluation is finished, the entire decision is solely up to the KNIGHT DIRECTOR who presents it to the
Spiritual Director (without the applicant being present) in order to approve a promotion.

Before advancing, each member must pass an Evaluation Test, initiated by the Director of
Divisions/Commissions, as the Promotion is scheduled to initiate every year. Each division will evaluate each
member eligible for Promotion. The Evaluation Test differs from content to content depending on what rank
is open for Advancement, and all three Division/Commissions can choose of the three types of Test shown
below in their preferability. The Test consists of:
 Identification Test – 15%
 Moving Test – 30%
 Essay/Any Test – 5%
The Conduct also play a vital role in the member’s promotion. This is highly observed by the Board of Trustees,
comprised of the Liturgy, Formation and Education, Social Sports and Communications, The Treasury, and
the SGK Branches and Departments. Each department and branch has their own rubrics/requirements to
rate the conduct and both Eval. Test Results and the Conduct should be tallied manually. The Conduct
makes up 50% of the overall Evaluation, totaling 100% from the Evaluation Test and the Conduct. The
Conduct is ranked in the following:
 50-46% - Exemplary Proficiency with no record of offenses
 45-41% - Proficiency with at least 1-2 recorded offenses
 40-31% - Satisfactory with at least 3 recorded offenses
 30-21% - Unsatisfactory
 20-11% - Emerging
 10-0% - Developing
The entire exam and tallying process will decide on how members perform both mentally, practically, and
morally. The members eligible for advancement must have a 75% passing rate or higher in order to be
promoted to a higher rank. Any alteration on any of the Departments’ or Branches’ Conduct rubric will affect
the overall Conduct of the member candidate. Failure to attain the designated rate will have another
chance for advancement for the next year. Once the member has obtained the passing rate or beyond, he
has passed the Evaluation Test, and will be promoted awaiting approval from the Spiritual Director.

Once the Evaluation is complete and the approval has been passed for Promotion on the
candidates/members, results will be announced in a General Meeting, by way of the Spiritual Pastor, Knight
Director/SGK or any present officer. Official results will then be posted on the Bulletin Board.

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 KOFA RANKS
Here is the list of the Ranks that can be attained by an incumbent member of the
Organization, depending on his performance and reverence. The Ranks follow this way:
------------------------------------------------

-APPRENTICE-
The first rank that any new member will hold. New recruits even to newly investitured ones
have to attain first this rank. Apprentices are aspirants/new members who are required to join the
Aspirancy Training Program. They are to be tested and to be evaluated before being investitured
after training. NO universal age limit is imposed in this rank upon attaining membership. They are
ineligible for Office but are eligible to vote upon investiture.

REQUIREMENTS:
 Received First Holy Communion
 Able to pass the necessary papers before beginning his aspirancy
ASPIRANCY:
 Able to join meetings and lectures sanctioned by the Education Division
 Able to observe masses throughout his aspirancy during training
 Able to participate practices and practical training initiated by the Liturgy Division
 Able to participate in processions and other Church activities
 Able to complete the 4-month Aspirancy Training Program
INVESTITURE AND BEYOND:
 Will receive Cassock and Surplice upon investiture
 Will be sworn in to full membership into the organization
 Must be able to fulfill the tasks and works of an apprentice
 Able to join and participate activities and celebrations in the organization sanctioned by
the Divisions.
 All fulfilled tasks will be a major factor for the next rank promotion
------------------------------------------------

-PAGE-
This is the next rank to be obtained to any sitting Apprentice. Pages are members who has
the same work and tasks of an Apprentice but with greater responsibility to hold, and aren’t
eligible to hold Office, but are eligible to vote.

REQUIREMENTS:

 Have proof of fulfilling the required services as an Apprentice

 Taken and passed the Evaluation Test before Advancement

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PROMOTION CEREMONY:
 Receive Certificate signifying that he has been promoted into this rank
PERFORMANCE:
 Able to attend weekly meetings
 Able to participate Lectures and Catechisms sanctioned by the Education Division
 Able to serve mass and other liturgical celebrations sanctioned by the Parish
 Able to participate in sports and awareness programs issued by the Social Sports Division
 Set a good example to their subordinates
KNIGHT SERVICE: Serve a number of Masses required by the Liturgy Division
PARISH SERVICE: Participate in Church Activities and Youth Programs
------------------------------------------------
-KNIGHT-
The Rank of Knight is attained by any sitting Page. Knights are members who have
achieved great status and have passed the necessary attainments of the previous ranks. There
are certain responsibilities of a Knight that requires more exertion and effort, but all members
belonging this rank are eligible to hold office on any degree
REQUIREMENTS:
 Have proof of fulfilling the required service as Page;
 Taken and passed the Evaluation Test before Advancement;
 Shown sufficient good will in performing the requirements and duties of service;
PROMOTION CEREMONY:
 Receive CERTIFICATE OF PROMOTION
 Receive Tau Cross - Optional
PERFORMANCE:
 Show a proficiency in performance of details.
 Able to do tasks efficiently with reverence and solemnity
 Able to join meeting, lectures, Catechism, and forums
 Able to participate in sports and awareness programs
 Able to serve mass and other liturgical celebrations sanctioned by the Parish
KNIGHT SERVICE: Serve Masses required by the Liturgy Division
PARISH SERVICE: Participate in Church Activities and Youth Programs
------------------------------------------------
-KNIGHT COMMANDER-
Knight Commanders are the same as knights but have more qualifications to Hold Office
and can partake decision-making meetings with Members holding Offices.
REQUIREMENTS
 Have proof of fulfilling the required service as Knight;
 Taken and passed the Evaluation Test before Advancement;

53
  Shown sufficient good will in performing the requirements and duties of service;
PROMOTION CEREMONY:
 Receive Certificate of Promotion/Advancement
 Receive Benedictine Cross - Optional
PERFORMANCE:
 Show a proficiency in performance of details.
 Able to do the tasks from previous ranks
 Able to train and lecture new members if sanctioned by the Education Director
 Able to participate to any Liturgical Celebrations
 Can be contacted right away without delay
 Able to partake Parish Services such as Master of Ceremonies
KNIGHT SERVICE:
 Serve Masses required by the Liturgy Division
 Can give extra time in volunteerism if called by the organization or the Parish
PARISH SERVICE: Participate in Church Activities, and Leadership Events in the Parish or Beyond
------------------------------------------------

-Grand Knight-
The Grand Knight is the highest rank in the Society. This Rank hold key perks when attained
by any sitting Knight Commander. They are very much eligible to Hold Office, but does not have
full Authority over the Organization unless Elected as Knight Director (President/SGK) or other
Offices and they can partake to any decision-making meetings alongside officers.
REQUIREMENTS:
 Have proof of fulfilling the required service as Knight Commander;
 Taken and passed the Evaluation Test before Advancement;
 Shown sufficient good will in performing the duties of service;
PROMOTION CEREMONY:
 Receive KNIGHT’S CROSS (designated as such by the Organization)
 Receive Certificate of Promotion/Advancement
PERFORMANCE:
 Show a proficiency in performance of details.
 Able to do the tasks from previous ranks
 Able to train and lecture new members if sanctioned by the Education Director
 Able to participate to any Liturgical Celebrations
 Can be contacted right away without delay
 Able to partake Parish Services such as Master of Ceremonies
 Able to do volunteerism in the Parish or throughout the Archdiocese

54
KNIGHT SERVICE:
 The Grand Knight should be able to be called on for any service at any time.
 He should be willing to volunteer his services where needed without being told or assigned.
 He should be willing to give the extra time and attention to fulfill those responsibilities even at
the sacrifice of personal interests.
 Any Grand Knight may train all levels of serving, provided he has been approved by the
Knight Director.
PARISH SERVICE:
 The Grand Knight should be exemplary in offering his services at general parish functions, but
also to individual parish members, such as shut-ins, the sick, etc.

55
 THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES
The Board of Trustees/Knights of the Round Table is comprised of 8 Offices, 1 is held by the Spiritual
Leader, 2 leading offices, 2 business offices, 3 division/commission offices, and 1 assistance office. These
offices are given to elected members with either of these ranks: Knight, Knight Commander, and Grand
Knight. Each Office represents a distinct set of responsibilities, but they make up the core of the central
governance and decision-making of the organization. Once elected in office, no term is limited unless called
for another election ordered by the Spiritual Head of the Organization. The Offices follows:

THE SPIRITUAL DIRECTOR – Spiritual Leader - The Reverend Pastor, by virtue of his office as Pastor of the parish
or a designated presbyter, is also head of the Sacred Organization. He retains his office as long as he
remains Pastor. He is entitled to this Office, and is vowed to regulate, check, summon meetings, make
important decisions, and give spiritual guidance to other offices and to all Altar Servers. He also has the
power to Appoint and to Retain. He is given undisputed full authority of the entire organization.
(OTHER TITLE/S: SD, REVEREND DIRECTOR)

KNIIGHT DIRECTOR – Leading Office – This Office serves as the Overseer of the Sacred Organization and
hold the SGK Department. The Knight Director will attend the meetings of the Knights. At these meetings he
shall answer questions asked by the servers, give suggestions and relay the wishes of the Pastor to the
Servers. He can summon meetings, make decisions, veto, and can execute his executive powers pre-
meditated by this office. He must be in constant communication with the Spiritual Director. The Knight
Director has the Power to Promote, Appoint and Retain.
(OTHER TITLE/S: SUPREME GRAND KNIGHT, PRESIDENT)

VICE-KNIGHT DIRECTOR– Leading Office – This Office serves as the Vice-Overseer of the Sacred
Organization. He will keep the meetings moving in a regular manner, and preside over them in the
absence of the Knight Director. He will assist the Knight Director as pre-meditated by this office. He also
works closely with the Knight Director in planning and preparing all that is needed for the Knights of the
Altar Promotion Ceremonies. He can execute his executive powers as Acting-Knight Director if such illness
or Incident hinders the incumbent holder of the office. He is also given the Power to Promote, alongside
other officers that are given with this responsibility.
(OTHER TITLE/S: VICE-SUPREME GRAND KNIGHT, VICE-PRESIDENT)

SECRETARY – Business office –The office of the Secretary requires good organizational skills, as it entails much
of the practical paper work. The Secretary shall note the proceedings of each meeting, read the minutes,
call the roll, keep a record of various activities and do any clerical work assigned to him by any of the
officers named above. He shall also keep the books of the Society: a) the list containing the full names of
the Knights and their respective ranks, the dates of their reception and promotions. b) Notifications of a
member leaving the unit or of a member being dismissed. c) A history of the activities of the society.
(OTHER TITLE/S: KNIGHT CLERK)

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TREASURER – Business Office – The Treasurer may be chosen from either ranks beginning with Knight. The
Treasurer requires good management skills, as well as discretion and accountability. He shall keep an exact
record of the funds and expenditures of the Society and shall give a report of the financial status at the
meetings, or whenever designated by the Knight Director or Supreme Grand Knight. He shall also assist the
Secretary or any other officers in any duties assigned by them to him. He can execute his executive powers
within his office.
(OTHER TITLE/S: KNIGHT CHAMBERLAIN)

THE DIVISION/COMMISSION OFFICES – The D/CO is divided into three branches, wherein each office is
responsible for the specific activities and tasks pre-meditated by each office. The Offices Follows:

LITURGY DIRECTOR – The Head of the Liturgy Branch of the Sacred Organization. He is in charge of the
scheduling of servings amongst fellow altar servers, the supervision of practices (involving the SGK and
Knight Director), and proper execution during Mass. He’s also in charge of the sacred vessels and
vestments owned and maintained by the Organization. The Liturgy Director has the power to call/form High
Mass Practices, the maintenance of sacred vessels, the issuing and maintenance of sacred organization
vestments, and importantly the formation of The Pontifical Servers. He is also given the Power to Promote,
and execute his executive powers as Director/Chairman, alongside other officers that are given with this
responsibility.
(OTHER TITLE/S: CHAIRMAN OF THE LITURGY DIVISION/COMMISION, KNIGHT LITURGIST)

FORMATION DIRECTOR – The Head of the Formation and Education Branch of the Sacred Organization. He
is in charge of Lectures, Attendances, and Meetings in relation to this. He is also in charge of regulating and
maintaining Discipline, Good Conduct, and the Formation of Altar Servers by way of weekly lectures. The
Formation Director has the power to call/initiate Catechism, Catholic Apologetics, the formation and
revision of the KOFA Handbook, and most importantly the Enforcement of the Code of Discipline. He is also
given the Power to Promote, and execute his executive powers as Director/Chairman, alongside other
officers that are given with this responsibility.
(OTHER TITLE/S: KNIGHT FORMATOR, CHAIRMAN OF THE FORMATION AND EDUCATION DIVISION/COMMISSION)

SOSCOM DIRECTOR – The Head of the Social Sports and Communications Branch of the Sacred
Organization. He is in-charge of the Extra-Curricular Activities in the Organization such as Sports. He
regulates the Social Activities and Interactions amongst members and constant communication to other
Parish organizations. He has the power to call/initiate Livestream Service, Photography, Awareness
Programs, and most importantly The Annual Sports Fest. He is also given the Power to Promote, and execute
his executive powers as Director/Chairman, alongside other officers that are given with this responsibility.
(OTHER TITLE/S: KNIGHT COUNCILOR, CHAIRMAN OF THE SOCIAL SPORTS AND COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION/COMMISSION)

COORDINATOR – Assistance Office – The Assistance Office isn’t subjected to election unlike Leading,
Business, and Division/Commission Offices. Instead they are appointed by the Chairmen of each

57
Divisions/Commissions with the Approval of the Knight Director. They provide aid and assistance to the
Divisions/Commissions. Each Chairman can appoint 2-3 Coordinators (but can be added or increased if
necessary). They can exercise their Executive Powers as Acting-Director/Chairman in each division in the
Absence of the Directors/Chairman if such illness or incident hinders the incumbent office holders. They also
exercise the same tasks and activities alongside the Director/Chairman and Treasurer. The Treasurer is also
provided with only 1 coordinator.
(OTHER TITLE/S: KNIGHT ASSISTANT, “DIVISION” COORDINATOR, TREASURY: AUDITOR)

-THE OATH OF OFFICE-

The Oath of Office will happen at the chosen day when members that are elected will take their Oath as elected
Officers. They are required to do the Oath Taking pledge as a sign of reverence, goodwill, determination, and willingness
to exercise their responsibilities as elected officers. The Pledge follows:

I, [say your name], implored with the aid of God Almighty, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the
Office of the [Name of Office] of the Knights of the Altar, of (Name of Parish. E.g.: Metropolitan Cathedral of the
Immaculate Conception)). And I will, to the best of my ability, serve, and uphold the interests, laws, and traditions of this
Sacred Organization. So help me God.

As they recite the Oath, elected officers are to place their right hand to the Bible provided by the Spiritual Director or Old
Officer/s as a sign of unconditional service to the organization with God’s guidance.

THE ORDER OF ELECTION

The Order of Election is exercised by the members of the Sacred Organization. They exercise their
essential rights as eligible members in the voting process in electing officers. They have the power to choose
their leaders. The Electoral Form of the Election would be by Ballot wherein chosen members will hold office
by obtaining a popular majority.
 The Spiritual Director will serve as the Grand Elector, while incumbent officers will be his Electoral
Aid.
 The Ballot Papers have pre-written positions of Knight Director, Vice-Knight Director, Secretary,
Treasurer, Liturgy Director, Formation Director, and SoSCom Director.
 Members will write whom they choose to hold these offices (member candidates must have
the rank of Knight)
 They will then place their papers in the Ballot Box once they’re done.
 The Electors will tally election papers.
 The grand elector will announce the elected officers.
If there is such no compromise, the Spiritual Director will use his Executive Powers to Appoint Officers.

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 ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

-Order of Recruitment-
The Order of Recruitment will only be called if the Sacred Organization lacks the number of servers
to accommodate the demands of the Parish. New members are required to pass the basic requirements of
recruitment. The requirements include:
 Baptismal Certificate
 2x2 ID Picture
 Long Brown Folder
 P 25.00 Registration Fee
The Enrollees/Aspirants will undergo a 4-month Aspirancy Training Program or ATP. From there, they will be
subjected to Mandatory Meetings, Lectures and Practices, and an Examination in preparation for their full
membership to the organization via Investiture.

-Identification Card-
Every KOFA member must have an ID issued by the organization. The ID servers as a certification,
indicating that the person owning the ID is a bonafide member of the Sacred Organization. The ID must
contain the following:
 Name of Member
 Full Address
 Contact Number
 Emergency Contact Number
 1x1 picture
These IDs are renewed annually after the renewal rites. The loss of the ID must be reported to the secretary
or to the treasurer who shall facilitate the issuance of a duplicate upon after payment due to loss of ID.

-Order of Renewal-
The Order of Renewal is issued every year-end before Lent. This is called upon annually to renew the
vows of Members to re-profess their oath as altar servers. If failed to join, unrenewed members have to wait
for another year. The Renewal Rites is provided in the Bylaws of the Sacred Organization.

-Order of Investiture-
The Order of Investiture is called upon when new members have passed the Evaluation Test. Once
passed, they are fit and eligible for Investiture. A 2 - 3 day practice will commence before the day of
Investiture. Here, a high mass is celebrated, and the Investiture Rites are recited by the new members. A

59
notice form the Board must be passed to the parish in advance in order for it to be announced. The Investiture
Rite is provided in the Bylaws of the Sacred Organization.

-The Dress Code-

Members of the Sacred Organization are required to follow the prescribed attire both in altar service,
and in meetings. This is to ensure that modesty, discipline, cleanliness and uniformity is exercised by the
Organization. The prescribed attire follows:
 White T-shirt (unprinted)
 KOFA Uniform (if sanctioned by the organization)
 KOFA ID
 Proper Hair Cut (Barber’s cut is standard)
 Black Slocks
 Black Socks
 Black Shoes (Tic Tac for boys)
 Crucifix (if sanctioned/optional)
 Cassock/Alb
 Surplice
Keep in mind that the crucifix should always be hidden beneath the vestments. This is to signify that altar
servers are not ordained persons. Jewelry, wristwatches, facial accessories, earrings, and headbands are
strictly prohibited. Servers with outgrown vestments like the cassock are obliged to elongate and widen it.
Improper haircut such as long hair, razor, or punk is not allowed. Failure to follow the dress code will be
subjected to disciplinary actions.

-The Bulletin Board-

The Bulletin Board is the where announcements, notices, and key dates are written, set up or laid
out. The Bulletin Board must be cleaned and maintained at all times, with different announcement severy
week issued by the Board. The responsibility of the contents of the Bulletin Board falls on the Formation
Director.

-The Logbook-
The Logbook is the official record book wherein altar servers log on their names and their time of
serving. The Liturgy Division/Commission is responsible in maintaining and evaluating the Logbook. The
logbook is also the basis for The CONDUCT, indicated by the Method of Advancement.

-The Treasury-
The Organization Treasury is vested on the powers of the Treasurer, and has a weekly finance/fund
system that all members are obliged to contribute, the sinking fund. The financial incentives generated by
the weekly fund are used for organizational purposes like vessel maintenance, laundry, Mass paraphernalia
like charcoal and incense grain, and etc. Members are obliged to pay their necessary contributions. It may

60
vary from 1-5 pesos or depending on what the Board decided. Failure to contribute will be subjected to
disciplinary actions. The Treasury falls to the responsibility of the Treasurer.

-The Dressing Room-

The Dressing Room is the general room quarters of the Sacred Organization. This is where altar servers,
change their vestments, rest, and meet up. Accessories and furniture may depend on what the parish can
provide. The Dressing Room must be maintained, and cleaned at all times.

-The Annual Sports Fest-

The Annual Sports Fest is a Social Sports and Communications event which is vested in the executive
powers of the SoSCom Director. This shall commence once a year, depending on the duration of the activity.
The general guidelines so follows:

 The Sport Fest must cater to different kinds of activities, but not limited to Team Sports, Parlor Games,
Board Games, Yells, Dance Competitions, Singing Competitions, etc.
 The Sports Fest must have a unified timetable, with directed schedule of events and number of days
to direct the activity.
 The Annual Sports Fest must be planned ahead with all the Members of the Board, and visiting parish
officers who are invited, with the SoSCom Director as the main presider. The Parish must be notified
2 or 3 weeks ahead before the said Activity in order to book sports facilities owned by the Parish at
moment’s notice.
 Competitors from different Parishes, Youth Organizations, and Dioceses can join. They are to be sent
with an invitation from the Host Parish in order to be notified. And they can only join if sent with an
invitation letter form the Host KOFA parish.
 The Activity must and should possess financial stability to accommodate players, audiences,
facilitators, visitors, and persons-in-charge with support from the Parish. Authorized Solicitation and
Financial Sponsorship from partners, sponsors, and benefactors of the Sacred Organization are
encouraged.
 The activity must be time-bounded and commenced at the right season that would not be in conflict
with servers’ personal affairs like academics, work, family, and school-related obligations.
 Before the event should commence, an Opening Mass should be celebrated, then an Opening
Remark from the Officers of the Host KOFA parish, a Speech from the Mass Presider or Rector, then a
Pledge of Sportsmanship that must be uttered by all participants and visiting parishes after the
Eucharistic Celebration. Then proceed to the main event.
 Once the Sports Fest has concluded, Awards will be given to the players. A Closing Mass should be
celebrated, followed by Closing Remarks from the SoSCom Director.
 Transportation Fees and facilities are to be issued independently by visiting parishes.
 Documentation and Filmography will be vested on the responsibility of the SoSCom Division with
close collaboration with the Formation Division.

Archdiocesan Sport Fests may or may not apply these general guidelines depending on the decision of
the Archdiocese or the Rector.

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 -The Bestowment of Awards-

Awards issued by the Organization can vary, but the default awards should be the Server of the
Week (issued every week), Server of the Month (issued every end-month), and Server of the Year (issued
during Christmas Party). The Awards are solely under the responsibility of the Liturgy Director. The awards are
to be signed for confirmation by the Knight Director, Liturgy Director, Formation Director, SoSCom Director
and the Spiritual Director. The award may also include a package of a Certificate, a Prize, or a Trophy,
depending on the decision of the Board.

-Death of a Member-

Once a member of the sacred organization died or passed away, certain things must be observed
to show reverence, sympathy, and respect to the late member. This is to show that members are cared for
and remembered by the Sacred Organization.

 A letter or notice be written announcing the death of the member. This could be in a form of a
Church announcement, an online publication, or a notice in the Bulletin board.
 A special request can be asked to the Parish that church bell(s) be rung for at least 30 seconds
to a minute to pay respects to the late member, after an announcement has been made. This
may depend on the decision of the Rector.
 Altar Servers are to attend the 9 Vigils of the late member. This will depend on the altar servers
who wish to attend.
 A certificate must be issued by the Organization, a Certificate of Memorialization
 A requiem mass will be done for the memorialization of the late member, attended by the
Spiritual Director. All servers who will serve are to wear black vestments.
 Messages and Speeches will be done by the Officers and the late member’s closest companions
in the Organization.

-Bylaws of the Sacred Organization-

The Bylaws of the Sacred Organization are the simplified rules and regulations decided upon by the
Board. This is also important to ensure that leadership and enforcement of the handbook is established in an
easy way. The Bylaws may contain the Rites used by Altar Servers, prayers, or anything that relates on
enforcing the Handbook. News Laws passed by the board can be incorporated to the Bylaws. The Bylaws is
independent from the Handbook, as long as its contents, simplified rules and regulations aren’t contradictory
or against the principles and contents of the Handbook. The Bylaws can be of any form (a binder, sliding
folder or another book), that must be issued independently by the KOFA from the Handbook.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-The Pontifical Servers-

The Pontifical Servers of the Sacred Organization consist of Altar Servers who serve at those Sacred
Liturgies on the highest level at which the Bishop presides. The Bishop and Cathedral are important because
they signify Christ and the Mother Church, the center of liturgical life of the Arch/diocese. Pontifical Servers
and High Mass servers differ since High Mass servers are only limited to the Parish of Call, while Pontifical
Servers can serve to any Parish all over the Archdiocese if called by the rector or Bishop. Pontifical Servers

62
are made up of Officers (incumbent) and ordinary members who show exemplary work and service. The
Executive Powers on the formation of the Pontifical Servers is vested on the Liturgy Director, wherein he can
choose Pontifical Servers who aren’t already officers. Pontifical Servers must be attentive and can be
contacted right away if such urgency to serve might occur.

-The Knights of Honor-

The Knights of Honor is an honorary title given to Veteran Altar servers who already have served in
the Church for a very long time. A record of at least 9 years of service is required to obtain the title. They
are the full embodiment of the endurance, sacrifices, and utmost service of altar servers over the years of
hardship and experience. They cannot exercise executive powers (unless they are still holding office),
however they have the power of Advice and Wisdom as embedded in their long-term service. They are
given with a Cross, a Certificate, and an Honorary ID that bonafides their status as knights of honor. They
can still serve, at least once a month, and can participate in lecturing, advising, and participate liturgical
celebrations in the Parish or Arch/diocese.
(PREFERED TITLE/S: HONORARY KNIGHT/ HONORARY SERVER, KNIGHT HONORARY)

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Chapter 9:

THE CODE OF DISCIPLINE

Discipline has been the main core of the organization since its founding. This is to ensure
that fidelity, integrity, respect, obedience, uniformity, cleanliness and social order is observed and
exercised by each member. The Code of Discipline is important in the organization as it play
significant role in molding ideal altar server character. In line with this, members are obliged to
exercise their duties and tasks both inside and outside the Church by foster humility, kindness and
above all, to be good examples to both young boys and to the youth in the community.

There are times that some members may violate or go beyond their limits of the ministry.
And so disciplinary actions and measures will be imposed and observed to maintain a fair and
orderly organization.

Offenses may vary on how heavy and grave it is, so appropriate measures and sanctions
must be enacted to ensure that such violation will not be repeated again or be repeated by other
members in the future.

The Board of Trustees is automatically the Disciplinary Board with the D/COs as its main
body. The Formation, Liturgy, and SoSCom Directors are the main enforcers of the sanctions,
however it must need approval from the Knight Director with the further vindication from the
Spiritual Director if the offenses have gotten too grave.

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 -Corrective Measures-

1. Verbal Warning
- A verbal reminder spoken to members who made an offense/violation and warn them of
possible repercussions and consequences aiming to prevent such offense to repeat.

2. Violation Report
- A written violation notice is issued by the Disciplinary Board and is to be given to members and
their parents containing the details of the violation/s committed with designated sanctions. The
Violation Report will be written on a Bluebook, along with a written record on the member’s
profile.

3. Pa-init
- This is a sanctioned measure imposed by the D/COs. Pa-init is a written sanction where
members who are given with it are obliged to write it on a piece of paper and numbered. The
Pa-init is, “sa ika-uunland ng Knights, disciplina ang kailangan”. The sanctioned member is
obliged to fill in the necessary pa-init which may vary from 50, 100, 150, 200, 500, or greater per
sentence, depending on the offense. Failure to pass it will be subjected to an increase of pa-
init.

4. Counseling Session
- A counseling session is issued by the D/COs to the sanctioned member wherein they are
subjected to counseling such as re-orientation, and educational measures to help the
sanctioned member from repeating the offense/violation in the nearer future. The counselling
may be carried out by the D/COs, Spiritual Director, or any persons of Authority.

5. Suspension from Service

- A Suspension Order is issued by the D/COs accompanied with letters to their respective Zonas
and Chapels. This will bar the member from serving to the Parish of Call and to any chapels
governed by the Parish. Suspension may last either for weeks or months, depending on the
offense. The Suspension Order is then lifted if the member has finished his suspension. This also
mean that his vestments will be taken away, but will be returned after finishing the suspension.

6. Dismissal
- Dismissal is given to members whose misconduct continues after the suspension order, and with
little to no signs of change. The member will either be advised to discontinue his membership
from the organization or dismissed from the organization after due process, consultations of the
D/COs with the entire Board, along with the Spiritual Director. The member is also advised to
keep a low profile or transfer to another parish.

7. Excommunication Order (Expulsion)

- This is issued by the entire Board if the member has failed to show remarkable improvement in
behavior, good conduct, and attitude. The member will be excommunicated from the
organization and will be stripped off from his prestige. Members that are given with the Order
are refused to be allowed to serve/enrolled in any parish within the Archdiocese or elsewhere.
This sanction is recommended by the Knight Director, duly approved by the Spiritual Director.
His vestments will also be taken away, for good.

Note: No one is exempted from these sanctions. Officer or not, all are subjected to the sanctions/measures
stipulated in the handbook.

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 -Minor Offenses-

Number of incidence and its corresponding

MINOR OFFENSES sanction
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Absenteeism (unexcused absences) 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3
Playing rough games like wrestling that can result to physical
1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
injury or property damage.
Tardiness 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5
Talking too loud during Lectures and Meetings (unless required
1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 5
by the lecturer or meeting presider)
Intentional Wearing of improper clothing and uniform like shorts
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3
and slippers
Failure to submit excuse letters required by the Board due to
1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
reasons
Intentional defacing or destroying of ID Card either personal or
1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5
from another member
The use of Profane and Foul Language 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5
Wearing of incomplete uniform 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 4
Negligence of non-participation of Organization and Parish
1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 5
activities especially sanctioned activities.
Entering restricted rooms and church facilities without
1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 5
permission
Using of gadgets during lectures and meetings, unless required
1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 5
by the presider/lecturer
Littering on Church grounds 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5
Improper grooming 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 5
Failure to contribute to the sinking fund 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 6
Other similar acts analogous to the foregoing

-Major Offenses-

Number of incidence and its corresponding

MAJOR OFFENSES sanction
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Verbal or Physical Fights 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7
Provoking Fights 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7
Publishing malicious and false information about his own
members, officers, priests, or other people on both internet and 3 3 3 4 5 6 7
public space
Using of Church and Organization Equipment without
2 3 3 4 5 6 7
permission
Bullying 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 7
Assaulting or showing disrespect to members, officers, and
3 3 4 5 6
persons in authority.
Harassing members, youth members, officers, and persons in
3 4 5 6 7
authority
Threatening fellow members either minor or major threat. 3 4 5 6 7
Truancy
- Cutting lectures without excuse 3 4 5 6 7
- Cutting lectures, off-parish 3 4 5 6

66
Act of perversion and/or sexual advances
- Writing/illustrating of perverted messages 3 4 5 6 7
- Using explicit words 3 4 5 6 7
- Touching of private and sensitive body 3 5 6 7
Bringing of deadly weapons on Church Premise such as knives,
knuckles, blades, firearms and explosives
- Possession 5 6 7
- Threatening of using it to anyone 5 6 7
Disrespecting the Organization Logo or the Organization Name 3 3 4 5 6 7
Perjury/Lying 2 3 3 4 5 6 7
Any form of Gambling on Church Grounds 3 3 4 5 6 7
Engaging in quarrels
- Publicly 3 3 4 5 6 7
- Online 3 3 4 5 6 7
- In-Church 3 3 4 5 6 7
Desecration of the Sanctuary
- Dancing 7
- Playing 6 7
- Wrestling 7
- Shouting 6 7
Desecration of the Altar and Tabernacle 7
Destroying of Church Property 5 6 7
Desecrating the Blessed Sacrament 7
Using the Lord’s Name inappropriately 5 6 7
Theft on Church Grounds 3 4 5 6 7
Bringing of pornographic paraphernalia 5 6 7
Vices on Church grounds
- Smoking 3 4 5 6 7
- Drinking intoxicating alcohol 3 4 5 6 7
- Using of illegal drugs 5 6 7
Vandalism on Church property 5 6 7
Desecration of The Church
- By faith 5 6 7
- By tradition 5 6 7
- In General 5 6 7
Desecrating the Cathedra 7
Rebellious Actions such as inciting other members to boycott
5 6 7
the organization
Tampering of Organization/Church Documents 5 6 7
Engaging in Pre-Marital sex/elopement 4 5 6 7
Unauthorized solicitation/collection of money 6 7
Engaging in immodesty such as
- Kissing, Petting, touching of modest areas 5 6 7
- Wearing immodest clothing 5 6 7
Destroying Organization Property 3 4 5 6 7
Cheating 3 5 6 7
Forging of signatures of parents, officers, persons in authority 5 6 7
Joining fraternities, gangs, and organizations not allowed by
3 4 5 6 7
the Church or Organization
Desecrating the Handbook 5 6 7
Misuse of Organization forms, waivers, letters, and other
5 6 7
documents
Performing acts that are risky within Church Property 5 6 7
Plagiarizing, Infringing Church and Organization Documents
5 6 7
and works without permission
Violating other Parish Grounds 5 6 7
Desecration and Misuse of Sacred Vestments 5 7

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Desecrating Church Grounds 5 6 7
Other similar acts analogous to the foregoing

-OFFENSES COMMITED DURING MASS-

NUMBER OF 0FFENSES
OFFENSE
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH 6TH
Talking during mass 1 1 2 3 4 5
Refusing to take orders from officers 1 2 3 4 5 6
Refusing to do the necessary tasks in Mass 1 2 3 3 4 5
Always going in and out of the Sanctuary 1 2 3 4 5 6
Making unnecessary excuses to go out of the Sanctuary 1 1 2 3 4 5
Misrang the bell 1 1 1 3 3 4
Slouching during Mass 1 1 3 3 4 5
Improper Position 1 1 1 2 3 4
Talking in the Sacristy 1 2 3 4 5 6
Using smartphones during mass or in the sacristy (in exception to 5 6 7
2 3 4
Authorized Documentation)
Other similar acts analogous to the foregoing

-THE DISCIPLINARY BOARD-

The Disciplinary Board serves as the Disciplinary Enforcer of the Sacred Organization. Every member
who is found making offenses and violations are to be summoned to the Board at moment’s notice. Here,
the Board decides how the sanctions are emplaced, especially when the Corrective Measure reaches 4-7
or at least, on the 4th offense. The entire Board of Trustees are the automatic members of the Board, however
the D/COs are the ones that will implement and impose the sanctions, with the Formation Director as its
General Overseer and Enforcer as vested to his executive powers. Once decided by all three
Divisions/Commissions either unanimous or split decision, the Knight Director will approve the imposed
sanction, and pass it to the Spiritual Director for further vindication.

Sending Letter to Parents:

Upon reaching Corrective Measures 2-7, the Disciplinary Board must issue a letter to parents, to
inform them about the misconducts acted by their children. This will also notify them how their child will be
sanctioned accordingly.

Writing a Notice:
The Disciplinary Board is responsible for issuing a Notice especially if sanctioned members have
reached Corrective Measures 5-7. This is to ensure that neighboring chapels, zonas, and other parishes will
be notified by the sanctioned member’s misconduct. This is also issued to prevent such violations to be
committed by the member to other places of worship.

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Chapter 10:
THE FOUNDERS AND PATRONS OF THE SACRED ORGANIZATION

Saints John Bosco and Dominic Savio, the founders of the Knights of the Altar

Saints are often associated to different fields and areas of their designated Patronage. For
example, St. Matthew the Apostle was a tax collector before becoming a disciple of Christ, hence
when he was elevated to the sainthood, he became the patron Bankers and Tax Collectors. Or
for another example, St. John Baptist De La Salle was a Canon (lawyer), Priest, then stepped down
to become a Brother and founded the Brothers of Christian Schools, an Institution that touched
the corners of the Globe to teach Christian Education to the Poor. He eventually became the
Patron Saint of Teachers upon his elevation to the sainthood in 1900. All fields have their respective
Patron Saints, and the Knights of the Altar (Ministry of Altar Servers) is no exception.

St. John Bosco (16 August 1815 - 1 January 1888)

A Catholic Priest, educator, and writer. He laid the cornerstone

of the Sacred Organization, along with St. Dominic Savio. Together
they formed the Knights of the Altar Sodality, somewhat the
prototype of the modern Knights of the Altar that we know today. He
was a mentor of Savio, and taught different educational methods
and philosophies based on love, rather than punishment. That
became the basis of the Salesian Preventive System. He was
canonized on the 1st of April 1934 in Rome by Pope Pius XI.

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 St. Dominic Savio (2 April 1842 - 9 March 1857)

An Italian student, and mentee of St. John Bosco. They

founded the prototype that would evolve to become the Knights of
the Altar. He was studying to become a priest, but fell ill and died at
the age of 14, possibly due to Pleurisy. He showed what a good
Catholic should do in everyday life by living in “heroic virtue”. He was
canonized on the 12th of June 1954, by Pope Pius XII, making him the
youngest non-martyr Catholic to be elevated to the sainthood.

St. Tarcisius (Died 3rd century)

Christian and Martyr. Little is known about St. Tarcisius,

besides the metrical inscription by Pope Damasus I. According to
Church records, he was entrusted with the task of bringing the
Eucharist to condemned Christians in prison. He preferred death
at the hands of a mob rather than deliver to them the Blessed
Sacrament which he was carrying. He eventually died as a result.
A 6th-century account also makes him an acolyte, making him
the ancient forerunner of an Altar Server. He was canonized by
the Early Church before the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
was formed in the 1500s. He’s the Patron Saint of altar servers and
first communicants.

St. John Berchmans (13 March 1599 – 13 August 1621)

A Jesuit scholastic, and saint. His spiritual model was

his fellow Jesuit Aloysius Gonzaga, and he was influenced by
the example of the English Jesuit martyrs. He was affable,
kind, and endowed with an outgoing personality that
endeared him to others. He requested that after ordination
as a priest he could become a chaplain in the army, hoping
to be martyred on the battlefield. He died at an early age of
22 as he contracted Roman Fever. He was canonized on the
15th of January 1888, by Pope Leo XIII. Berchmans is the
patron saint of altar servers, Jesuit scholastics, and students.
He is also considered by the Church as the first Altar Server.

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St. Stephen (5 AD - 33–36 AD (aged 28–32)

Deacon and the 1st Christian Martyr. Stephen is first

mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles as one of seven deacons
appointed by the Apostles to distribute food and charitable aid
to poorer members of the community in the early church.
According to Orthodox belief, he was the eldest and is therefore
called "archdeacon". He was put on trial by the Sanhedrin. He
defended the faith and was eventually stoned to death. He was
canonized by the Pre-Congregation of the Early Church. He is the
Patron Saint of Deacons and Altar Servers. The Guild of St.
Stephen, the altar server organization based in the Westminster
Cathedral is dedicated to him.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

History and Introduction of the Knights of the Altar:

https://www.latinmassomaha.org/knights-of-the-altar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_the_Altar

https://sjpmas.blogspot.com/2010/02/history-of-knight-of-altar.html

The Old Knights of the Altar Handbook

Parts of a Catholic Church:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narthex

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancel#:~:text=In%20church%20architecture%2C%20the%20chancel,may%
20terminate%20in%20an%20apse.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/apse-church-architecture

https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/chevet#:~:text=Definition%20of%20chevet,especially%20of%20French%20Gothic%
20architecture

https://www.britannica.com/topic/ambulatory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nave

https://www.britannica.com/technology/aisle

https://www.britannica.com/technology/transept

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossing_(architecture)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctuary#Sanctuary_as_area_around_the_altar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_tower

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulpit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel

https://www.britannica.com/topic/sacristy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/high%20altar

https://liturgy.blogs.com/liturgy_reflections/2010/02/the-chair-symbol-of-the-priest-as-presider.html

72
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedra

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_tabernacle

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sanctuary-
lamp#:~:text=sanctuary%20lamp%20in%20British%20English,Collins%20English%20Dictionary.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/ambo-church-architecture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choir_(architecture)

https://buffaloah.com/a/DCTNRY/b/bap.html#:~:text=Basin%20or%20vase%2C%20serving%20as,the%20cer
emony%20of%20Christian%20initiation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credence_table

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifix#:~:text=A%20crucifix%20(from%20Latin%20cruci,Latin%20for%20%22bo
dy%22).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_water_font

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessional

Sacred Vessels and its Functions:

The Old Knights of the Altar Handbook

https://www.churchpop.com/2016/03/23/rarest-liturgical-objects-crotalus/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altar_bell

Sacred Vestments and Liturgical Colors:

The Old Knights of the Altar Handbook

https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/details/ns_lit_doc_20100216_vestizione_en.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniple_(vestment)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgical_colours

https://www.britannica.com/topic/miter

https://www.britannica.com/topic/zucchetto

https://www.britannica.com/topic/crosier-religion

Posture and Gesture during Mass:

The Old Knights of the Altar Handbook

73
Books used during Mass:
https://www.usccb.org/prayer-and-worship/the-mass/general-instruction-of-the-roman-missal/roman-missal

https://www.britannica.com/topic/lectionary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours#:~:text=The%20Liturgy%20of%20the%20Hours%20(Latin%3
A%20Liturgia%20Horarum)%20or,breviary%2C%20of%20the%20Latin%20Church.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Pontifical

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymnal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Ritual

The Old Knights of the Altar Handbook

The Order of the Mass:

-Based on the Actions and proper executions of Altar Servers, information is made and based by practice,
tradition and observation-

General Provisions of the KOFA:

The Old Knights of the Altar Handbook

https://www.sfcatholic.org/worship/pontifical-servers/

The Code of Discipline:

-The Code of Disciple is the newly fortified disciplinary code for the entire organization, a new pinnacle of
conduct, modesty, and discipline. Some areas are loosely based on the La Salle University Basic Education
Student Handbook (pp.64-74, Article 14 – Student Discipline)-

The Founders and Patrons of the Sacred Organization:

https://www.coursehero.com/file/55599612/knights-of-the-altarpdf/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_the_Altar

https://www.sacredhearthook.org/st-stephen

https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/st-tarcisius-5890

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Berchmans

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Savio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bosco

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