FLOW OF DEBATE

A. Roll Call
Roll Call is the first series in the Flow of Debate session. At the beginning of
each session, the chairman will make a Roll Call. Roll Call is a list of attendance to all
countries in the council that will be called one by one. Every country that is called or
absent declares attendance and is not allowed to abstain.
B. General speaker List
At the start of the conference, delegates must agree on the order in which they
want the board to cover these topics. To be involved in this process, the chair will
welcome a motion from one of the delegates to propose a specific order of topics.
After a motion is made by one of the delegates, a maximum of three of the same
delegates will speak for or against it and the speeches in favor or against must
alternate. In the General Speaker List only general and non-specific topics are spoken,
generally the time given is 90 seconds.
C. Moderated Caucus
The Moderated Caucus is a formal session for delegates to submit, discuss,
and debate the motions discussed. Each delegate who will give a motion, the
delegation will raise a placard indicating the origin of the delegation and this debate
will be moderated by the Chair or chairperson of the session. In the Moderated
Caucus, each delegate makes subtopics to be discussed from the proposed theme.
D. Unmoderated Caucus
In the Unmoderated Caucus, debates will not be moderated by the chairperson
and there is no specific structure to follow. During the Unmoderated Caucus, it is
given to have a special time limit for each delegate to discuss with each other without
any moderation from the chairman. During Unmoderated Caucus, each delegation is
usually used to discuss specific issues with certain countries, make alliances, and
write draft resolutions.
E. Voting Procedure
Debates will end when the Formal Debate Speaker List is exhausted or when a
member of a delegation submits a motion for closing the debate and it is accepted by
the board by a two-thirds majority. After the debate closes, if there is a draft
resolution, the council will move to a voting procedure. In general, the council will
vote on amendments first and then on the overall resolution for a vote. Next, the board
will move on to the next topic on the agenda.
 GSL
Child trafficking has become a major topic of discussion in every country. In order to
respect children's rights and improve the future of children, there are many arguments about
child trafficking that should not be done in order to improve the country's economy. The
main and biggest factors that cause child trafficking are poverty, lack of education, and
corruption. The Mexican state has responded to the case of child trafficking through state
laws. Mexico has anti-child trafficking laws and prohibits all forms of human trafficking. The
Mexican state has also investigated the perpetrators who carried out the process of child
trafficking. The Mexican state has a special unit to investigate and infiltrate with the aim of
catching child traffickers. In the context of child trafficking, this idea raises the hypothesis
that slavery is an inalienable violation of human rights for children. And these ideas provide
further insight into policy approaches to preventing, protecting, and prosecuting all child
trafficking, and can be used as a means to close cases of child trafficking around the world.

Delegate of Mexico would like to yield the remaining time back to the chair
 RESEARCH OF CHILD TRAFFICKING IN MEXICO
Mexico is a country is close to the United States of America, Mexico is a source of
human trafficking, also a transit point and destination for everyone to become victims of
human trafficking to become sex workers or forced laborers. Groups that are vulnerable to
human trafficking in Mexico are children, women, undocumented immigrants, indigenous
people. Victims and potential victims of this illegal trade are bound by fake job opportunities.
Mexican victims were subjected to forced labor in agriculture, domestic services,
construction, and street beggars in both Mexico and US.
The beginning of the existence of immigrants from Mexico began to enter the United
States during the Bracero Program (guest worker program) in 1942. This program set up
temporary laws for immigration workers originating from Mexico to the United States. Some
immigrants made up for the United States labor shortage caused by World War II. Mexico’s
high migration rate is due to the difference in quality of life between the two countries, so
immigrants from poor cities in Mexico come to the United States. Mexican immigrants who
find work in the United States earn lower wages with a higher standard of living than those in
their home country in Mexico. This can prove that the income in Mexico is very small
compared to the wages of labor provided by United States.
Crossing the United States-Mexico border for illegal immigrants, only becomes
dangerous for these immigrants. The potential victims of human trafficking will be faced with
the dangers of kidnapping, killing, and raping human traffickers. For this purpose,
collaboration is carried out by United States federal agencies and equivalent institutions in
Mexico such as the Department of States and USAID Mexico from the United States and the
Office of the General Prosecutor (Procuradoria General de la Republica, PGR), the Federal
Public Security Secretariat, and the National Migration Institute from Mexico to handle
human trafficking cases. Mexico also has institutions that run protection programs for victims
of human trafficking, namely The Special Prosecutor for Violence Against Women and
Human Trafficking (FEVIMTRA) and Mexico’s National Commission on Human Rights
(www.state.gov).
Other that that, Mexico is fight against child trafficking with TVPA (The Trafficking
and Violence Protection Act) and assisted by the United States, the State of Mexico has felt
the change with its efforts that have been made. As it turned out, by enacting at least some
anti-trafficking laws, prohibition of some or all forms of human trafficking, as well as laws in
seven countries. Although there are many judges in Mexico who are not familiar with
trafficking laws, some cases of child trafficking can be prosecuted under other laws, such as
the rape or child prostitution laws, that laws are easier to apply (TIP Report, 2010).
In 2010 to 2014 the States of Mexico in the fight against child trafficking through
legislation. From 2011 to 2014 several Mexican states have implemented laws to combat
trafficking inn persons, women, and children, and certain states also have specific laws. It
consists of 23 states having specific anti-trafficking laws and even 5 states especially reform
laws. This problem can be proven by Mexico's efforts to combat human trafficking. In
addition to developing and reforming anti-trafficking regulations, Mexico also conducts
human trafficking investigations. With the Attorney General's Office for Violence Against
Women and Trafficking (FEVIMTRA) or The Attorney General's Special Prosecutor's Office
for Violence Against Women and Trafficking and SEIDO (Office of the Special Prosecutor
for Organized Crime) Mexico has a special unit to investigate and infiltrate for the arrest of
human traffickers.

MOTION LIST
1. Countries' stance toward child trafficking

Mexico is a source, transit, and destination country for children trafficked for sexual and
forced labor purposes. Mexico has the largest number of victims of modern slavery of any
other country in America. Of the 150,000 children living on the streets of Mexico, an
estimated 50 percent are victims of human trafficking for sexual purposes. Many traffickers
use Mexico as a route to smuggle children into the United States and Canada. And one of the
main reasons for human trafficking in Mexico is social and economic inequality. In recent
years Mexico has taken a number of measures and the prevention, protection, and prosecution
of human trafficking. Such as the anti-trafficking law passed in 2004 which is the first step to
effectively stopping child trafficking in this country. Currently, the Mexican government is
reviewing the “failed” anti-trafficking policies and is working to provide better support for
victims. and another measure to end child trafficking is to punish more traffickers; provide
funds to three NGOs operating a human trafficking shelter, and increase the efforts of the
Secretariat of the Financial Intelligence Unit (UIF) to gather intelligence to support
investigations and prosecutions of trafficking in persons.

2. Root cause of the problem

Mexico is characterized by income inequality and high levels of poverty. especially poverty
can increase child trafficking. Poverty is one of the main causes of child trafficking. Poor
families sometimes have no choice but to abandon their children, leaving them in the hands
of traffickers. Poverty has also led to a large increase in the number of street children and
orphans. Vulnerable and self-sufficient, they became ideal victims for traffickers who did not
waver in their promise of better living and working conditions in other countries. As the
COVID-19 pandemic has pushed millions of people across Mexico into poverty, The number
of victims of human trafficking in Mexico is increasing, as traffickers target people who are
vulnerable to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This has exacerbated the vulnerability
of many individuals to trafficking and increased the number of individuals vulnerable to
exploitation. Migrant and displaced children have limited access to many of the essential
services they need for their well-being, including nutrition, education, psychosocial support,
and health care. Unaccompanied minors who travel alone are more vulnerable to the risk of
exploitation, abuse, and trafficking of children by organized groups

3. Obstacles in handling child trafficking cases in Mexico

The Mexican government does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of
human trafficking. The government does not prosecute or punish public officials for being
involved in the crime of trafficking in persons; take limited action to investigate and
prosecute crimes of forced labour; and failing to allocate funds to legally required victim
assistance funds. Authorities have not consistently used a victim-centred approach and
overall victim services have been inadequate. Fraudulent hiring practices are widespread, but
the government is taking no steps to hold recruiters or employment agencies accountable. and
failing to allocate funds to legally required victim assistance funds. Authorities have not
consistently used a victim-centred approach and overall victim services have been
inadequate. Fraudulent hiring practices are widespread, but the government is taking no steps
to hold recruiters or employment agencies accountable. and failing to allocate funds to legally
required victim assistance funds. Authorities have not consistently used a victim-centred
approach and overall victim services have been inadequate. Fraudulent hiring practices are
widespread, but the government is taking no steps to hold recruiters or employment agencies
accountable.
4. The process taken in dealing with child trafficking

Mexico ratified the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (or
the Palermo Convention) on April 11, 2003. The convention includes the "Protocol Against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air" and the "Protocol to Suppress, Prevent,
and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women" and Children". Mexico's Congress
passed a law on human trafficking in 2007 after the Federal District and all states passed their
own anti-trafficking acts. In an effort to harmonize the various criminal laws on human
trafficking issues, the government passed anti-trafficking laws. new human trafficking in
2012 which criminalizes all participants in the act of trafficking (including consumers) and a
unified local law. The law was further reformed in 2014. In an effort to address the demand
for forced labor, the Minister of Labor and Social Welfare fly carried out a series of
workshops and training in 2010 to prevent child labor and trafficking for forced labour. This
includes media material explaining how labor recruitment agencies can trick individuals into
recruiting them for forced labour. However, while Mexican officials recognize trafficking as
a serious problem, NGOs and government representatives report that some local officials
tolerate and sometimes engage in trafficking, which hinders the implementation of anti-
trafficking laws. Mexico publicly supports the United Nations Office's Blue Heart Campaign
on Drugs and Crimes Against Trafficking in Persons, becoming the first country in Latin
America to do so.

5. Allocation of funds for victims of child trafficking

Mexico will stop providing financial assistance to anti-trafficking organizations and instead
run the shelter and care of victims directly by the government itself will be more beneficial to
those most in need. Investing in the operation and rehabilitation of the system will help with
more than just corrupt laws. In addition, the government acknowledged its shortcomings in
data and analysis related to human trafficking. To remedy this, it is working to create a better
and more reliable system. Receiving mixed responses, the Mexican government also
announced it was ending support for anti-trafficking NGOs. The country intends to set up its
own shelter and relief center for victims in Mexico. Despite the criticism, this change is
expected to have a positive impact on victims of human trafficking in the country.

6. The role of NGOs in handling child trafficking cases 

For children, whether accompanied or not, travel is a traumatic event. They leave their
homes, friends and relatives, experience all kinds of violence and too often live in fear of
what could happen to them. They are forced to drop out of school and lose their education.
The European Union is funding the NGO Save the Children to carry out humanitarian
interventions on Mexico's northern and southern borders to support children on the move.
Save the Children works in government-run shelters, where they set up child-friendly spaces
where children can learn, play, and receive social-emotional learning support as well as
provide other services.
El Pozo De Vida is an NGO that fights human trafficking in Mexico and Central America.
Committed to the prevention, intervention and recovery of children, families and
communities who are vulnerable to this crime, so that they can experience freedom and a new
start in life.
Casa Alianza Mexico is an NGO that has provided care and protection for boys and girls ages
12 to 18 who have experienced social neglect, including abuse, neglect, violence, addiction,
sexual exploitation and human trafficking. The rising tide of violence and instability in
Mexico over the past few years has made their work even more pressing, as has the influx of
unaccompanied migrant children from Central America to Mexico.